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Phoenix Convention Center • Phoenix, Arizona
Facility Energy AuditsMike Gutowski
Johnson ControlsAugust 12, 2015
Agency Energy Manager Energy Audits: Implementing Audits and Turning Audits into Projects
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade2
Agenda
• Concept of Energy Audit• Overview of ASHRAE Approach• Before you get into the buildings• The “Walk Thru”• Compiling everything into something
meaningful• ECMs/EEMs/FIMs• What next?
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade3
• Why am I being asked to audit these buildings?– Inventory/Assessment– Capital projects list– Certification of some kind– My boss is making me do this– Goals– Part of an established contracting vehicle
The Energy Audit
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade4
• Fundamental results of an energy audit– Establishing current usage, or baseline– Allocating current usage to different functions– Comparison of results to similar facilities in similar climate
areas– Identification (and possibly implementation) of Energy
Conservation Measures (ECMs)– Short version – establish where, when,why, and how, and then the best way to implement based on client goals
The Energy Audit
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade5
Level 1 Audit - Walk-Through Analysis/Preliminary Audit
Level 2 Audit - Energy Survey and Analysis
Level 3 Audit - Detailed Analysis of Capital Intensive
Modifications
- Level of detail adequate to prioritize energy efficiency projects
- Walk thru of facility- Typically uncovers major or
“glaring” problem areas- High level review of utility
data- Findings compiled to a
report showing low cost/no cost measures, and those which should be studied further
- Next level of energy calculations and financial analysis of proposed measures
- 2-3 years of monthly utility analysis, establishing rate structure
- Presentation of measures by cost and savings, recommendations and prioritization
- M&V support (measurement & verification)
- Focus on capital intensive projects
- Further detail in field analysis
- Design drawings, specifications to support decisions
- Calibrated building models and calculations to support findings
Overview of ASHRAE Methodology
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade6
• “Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits”
• Audit sheets included
ASHRAE Documents
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade7
• Energy use data– Utility bills– Spreadsheets– Annual or monthly
• Electricity and fossil fuels compose Energy Use Intensity (EUI)– kBtu/sf/yr
• Compare to similar buildings in similar geographies• CBECS (Commercial Energy Building Consumption
Survey)• Energy Star
Before Going Onsite
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade8
• Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey– 2003 was last
complete effort– 2007 data not
“valid statistical sets”
– 2012 results now being released
CBECS
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade9
• Census Regions (Apples to Apples)
CBECS - Continued
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade10
• Uses CBECS Data!
Energy Star Portfolio Manager
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade11
• Prioritize buildings– Function– Outliers– Customer requests
• General understanding of systems• Heating/Cooling
– Controls– Schedules– What’s broken
• Decent plan of attack– Have the right team
Before going onsite - continued
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade12
• SAFETY– Protective gear– Fall protection– Ladder safety– Space awareness– Bump cap/hardhat
The Walk Thru
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade13
The Walk Thru
• Not the most promising first impressions…..
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade14
• Arrival onsite– Escort– Finding “the guy”– Quick “sit down”
• Document as much as possible with photos– Plans– Nameplates– Model numbers
• Building walk-around– Envelope– Irrigation
• Mechanical rooms– HVAC airside/waterside
The Walk Thru - Continued
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade15
• Central plant(s)– Front end workstation– Find the operator
• Pipe and insulation• Steam traps• Plug loads
The Walk Thru - Continued
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade16
• Photos, notes, measurements• Suggested practices picked up over the years– Title photos as soon as possible (ie CH-2, B-1)– Rewrite notes in Word– Tabulate data in Excel– Group as much as possible by building– Going back through your items will trigger more
thoughts• Correlate utility data to what you saw in the
buildings– Calibration to end uses (HVAC, Lighting, Plug Load etc.)
Compiling / Analyzing Data
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade17
Compiling / Analyzing Data Continued
• Important to understand how a building is operating
• Adjust level of detail based on final deliverable
• Basic principle – the closer your model is to the utility data, the more confident you can be in your savings potential
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade18
Measure Energy Type(s)
Units Saved
$/Year Saved Install Cost Simple
PaybackCost of O&M
Cost of M&V
Adjusted Simple
Payback
Hi Bay Lighting kWh 2,300,000 $149,500 $1,196,000 8.0 $ 27,000 $ 9,500 8.2
VFDs on AHU Fans kWh/therm 450,000 $ 29,250 $ 204,750 7.0 $ 18,000 $12,500 8.0
Boiler Controls MMBtu 27,500 $ 16,500 $ 165,000 10.0 $ 12,000 $ 9,500 11.3
New Water Cooled Chiller
kWh 1,500,000 $ 97,500 $1,950,000 20.0 $ 167,000 $45,000 22.2
Night Setback in
OfficeskWh/Therm 400,000 $240,000 $ 480,000 2.0 $ 7,000 $12,500 2.1
ECM Identification
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade19
• Reviewing results with your client– Clarify goals– Prioritize projects• Metric specific• Building specific• Deferred capital projects
• Funding streams that can support the ECMs– Operational savings– Avoided cost of capital– One time planned budget items
What Now?