PhonicsPhonicsPhonicsPhonics1515thth October 2015 October 2015

Successful reading demands both word level reading and the ability to comprehend what has been read.

Enunciation

• Teaching phonics requires a technical skill in enunciation.

• Phonemes should be articulated clearly and precisely.

Letters and Sounds• DVD clip –

enunciation• https://www.yout

ube.com/watch?v=-ksblMiliA8

Phonic terminology:some definitions

Some definitions

A phoneme is the smallest unit ofsound in a word.

C-u-p c-a-t d-o-g

Count the phonemes• How many phonemes can you count in

the following words?

• Map• Car• Jumper• Mist• Start

Some definitionsGrapheme

Letter(s) representing a phoneme

t ai igh

Some definitions

BlendingRecognising the letter soundsin a written word, for examplec-u-p, and merging or synthesisingthem in the order in which theyare written to pronounce the word ‘cup’.

Some definitions

Oral blending

Hearing a series of spoken sounds and merging them together to make a spoken word – no text is used.

For example, when a teacher calls out ‘b-u-s’, the children say ‘bus’.

This skill is usually taught before blending and reading printed words.

Some definitionsSegmenting

Identifying the individual sounds in a spoken word(e.g. h-i-m) and writing down or manipulating letters for each sound to form the word ‘him’.

Some definitionsDigraphTwo letters, which make one sound

A consonant digraph contains two consonantssh ck th ll

A vowel digraph contains at least one vowelai ee ar oy

Some definitionsTrigraph

Three letters, which make one sound

igh dge

Some definitions

Split digraph

A digraph in which the two letters are not adjacent (e.g. make).

A segmenting activity

A segmenting activity

ss

A segmenting activity

s lls

A segmenting activity

s l iils

A segmenting activity

s l i pils p

A segmenting activitySegment these words into their

constituent phonemes:shelfdressthinkstringsprintflick

SegmentingWORD PHONEMES

shelf

dress

think

string

sprint

flick

Segmenting

WORD PHONEMES

shelf sh e l f

dress d r e ss

think th i n k

string s t r i ng

sprint s p r i n t

flick f l i ck

A basic principle The same phoneme can be represented in more than one way:

burn

first

term

heard work

The same phoneme can be represented in more than one way

a a-e ai ay ey eighe e-e ea ee yi i-e ie igh yo o-e oa oe owu u-e ue oo ewoo uow oul ou oughoi oyar aor aw ore au oughair are eareer ear

Certain representations of a phoneme are more likely in

initial, medial and final positionin words.

Reducing uncertainty

1. The best bets for representing /a/ at the beginning and in the middle of a word are a-e and ai.

2. The best bet for representing /a/ at the end of a word is ay.

High frequency words

• The majority of high frequency words are phonically regular.

• Some exceptions – for example the and was – should be directly taught.