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TO OUR PRESENTATION

PRESENTED BY :Dwi Hartanti

Ika Riskiana

Syarifatur Rosyidah

Zakiyatun Nida

PhonologyPhonology

Introducing to Phonology

PhoneticsPhonetics PhonologyPhonology

- What are the sounds ?- How are they made in the mouth ?

- What are the sounds ?- How are they made in the mouth ?

-- How do sounds - combine ?-- How are they - memorized ?

-- How do sounds - combine ?-- How are they - memorized ?

Difference Between ...

Phonetics is the physical description of sounds in language

phonology is the system of sounds in language. It 's l ike the grammar of sounds in language

Phono logyPhonet i cs

PHONOLOGY

Phonemes Allophone

PhonemesThe smallest speech sound that distinguishes meaning. Its serves to create meaning differences, e.g. /t/ is different than /d/.

Finding PhonemesWe can use One Trick

What is Minimal pairs What is Minimal pairs Of Words ?Of Words ?

A minimal pair is a pair of words that have different meanings and which differ in only one sound.

Example :[s p]ɪ [z p]ɪ

Different, But They differ only in their initial sounds

Different, But They differ only in their initial sounds

BBAACCKKTTOO

SSCCHHOOOOLL

• Four golden rules for minimal pairs:• They must have the same number of

sounds• They must be identical in every sound

except for one• The sound that is different must be in

the same position in each word• The words must have different

meanings

The phonetics context (or frame) [b_t] can be used to The phonetics context (or frame) [b_t] can be used to find minimal pairs for many English vowels:find minimal pairs for many English vowels:

• [b i t ] ( "beat" ) / i /• [b t] ( "b i t " ) / /ɪ ɪ• [be t] ( "bai t " ) /e/• [b t] ( "bet" ) / /ɛ ɛ• [bæt] ( "bat" ) /æ/• [but] ( "boot" ) /u/• [bot] ( "boat" ) /o/• [b t] ( "bought" ) / / (You may have [ ] here . )ɔ ɔ ɑ• [b t] ( "but" ) / /ʌ ʌ

AllophoneAllophone

allophone are the actual pronounciation of phonem

the phonetic variant(s) of a phoneme.

the phonetic variant(s) of a phoneme.

Kedudukannya..

/p/ in pin [p ]ʰ in spin [p]

/p/  in paper [p e .p ]ʰ ɪ ɚ ./t/ in top [t ]ʰ

in stop [t]

Thank you for your attention ...

See yaa

QUESTIONS

1. Make ten examples of minimal pairs of words with transciption.2. What the different between phoneme and al lophone.