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Phosphonic acid (and its salts): overview of known sources
Phosphonic acid (and its salts): overview of known sources
Phosphonic acid (and its salts) 1. Some data
2. The uptake by a plant
3. The sources
1. Some data
Test results of raw materials for
organic food
96% contain only phosphonic acid and less than 0,5 mg/kg
55% (216/387)
Test results of certifiers (EOCC) 73% (179/245) contain phosphonic acid at 1,0 mg/kg or less
(245) Test results of certifiers (EOCC) 73% (179/245) contain phosphonic acid at 1,0 mg/kg or less
3 Test results of red wine from one operator. Start of conversion period 2009. End of conversion period 2012, 2014 and 2016…
2. The uptake -Plants need to take up phosphorous (P) in high quantities especially in relation to growth
-P enters the plant via the Pi Transporter proteins located in the cell membrane in leaves and roots.
-Pi Transporters can “pump” inwards phosphate (Pi), phosphonate and organophosphonates
3. The potential sources of
Phosphonates and organo-phosphonates
“Phosphonate salts”
“Phosphates” and “organo-phosphates”
“R” represents a hydrogen (H) or the start of Carbon chain “P” is phosphorous and “O” is oxygen
The potential sources of
The potential sources of
Phosphonates and organo-phosphonates
“Phosphonate salts”
“Phosphates” and “organo-phosphates”
“R” represents a hydrogen (H) or the start of Carbon chain “P” is phosphorous and “O” is oxygen
Only in anaerobic environment e.g. rice field and algae production units
The potential sources of
phosphonic acid
Phosphonates and organo-phosphonates
“Phosphonate salts”
“Phosphates” and “organo-phosphates”
“R” represents a hydrogen (H) or the start of Carbon chain “P” is phosphorous and “O” is oxygen
They are only potential sources of phosphonic acid in plants when grown in anaerobic environment
“O-P” phosphonates
“C-P” phosphonates
“R” represents a hydrogen (H) or the start of Carbon chain “P” is phosphorous and “O” is oxygen
“O-P” phosphonates (esters)
-Fosetyl-Al
“C-P” phosphonates -Glyphosate
-AMPA
-Ethephon
- HEDP
-AEPA*
-Fosfomycin*° * Naturally occuring
° Antibiotic
“O-P” phosphonates
! The “O-P” bond of fosetyl can be easily broken in the soil (hydrolysis)
! The result is phosphorous acid and ethanol
+
“O-P” phosphonates
! The “O-P” bond of fosetyl can be easily broken in the soil (hydrolysis)
! The result is phosphorous acid and ethanol
“C-P” phosphonates ! The C-P bond is only broken after secretions of certain soil micro-organisms. ! The result of the enzymatic cleavage is oxydation of P (from P+III to P+V) to phosphate
They are not potential sources of phosphonic acid
in plants
+
The potential sources of
Phosphonate and organo-phosphonate esters (e.g. fosetyl-Al)
“Phosphonate salts”
H
Use during the growing season, or the past growing seasons
Sources of phosphonic acid 1. Fosetyl-Al, potassium phosphonate and disodium phosphonate may be
used as active substances in plant protection products. The presence of these substances has to be mentioned in the labelling.
2. Potassium phosphonate and disodium phosphonate may be present in fertilizers. The presence of these substances can not be deducted from the labelling of the fertilizer (EU Reg 2003/2003, art 6). From 15/07/2022, “phosphonates shall not be intentionally added to any fertilising product. Unintentional presence of phosphonates shall not exceed 0,5% by mass.” (EU Reg 2019/1009, Ann I, part II.)
3. Empirical and research data show that phosphonic acid can remain present in plant tissue even after the end of the conversion period towards organic farming. (A similar scenario occurs with chlormequat in pears)
4. Phosphonic acid may be integrated in organic production via the authorised use of non-organic vegetative propagation material
Thank you for your attention
