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Insects in the world
• Most successful animals
• Make up 2 out of three living things
• With other arthropods make up over 75% of all animals
• Have been around for 350 million years
Arthropods= Insects and their relatives
Do not have a backbone(invertebrates)
Jointed legged animals include;
Ticks, mites ,spiders ,millipedes
Centipedes, and insects
Insect -characters
• Wings • Only birds,
bats and insects
• Only found in adult insects
• Not all insects have wings (fleas,springtails)
Spiders- Arachnids
• 4 pairs of legs• No antennae• No wings• 2 body divisions• Spiders are not
insects
Insect Developmentor Metamorphosis
• Two forms of development (change)
1. Simple/ Partial/ Primitive
2. Complete/ Advanced
Simple metamorphosis
Egg- nymph- adultAll life stages look similar, behave similar
Whole family can live and feed together
Complete Metamorphosis
• Egg -Larvae-Pupae-Adult• Larvae not look like adult- are wormlike
• Can live in different environment
• Eat different food
• Larvae usually the main pest
Exoskeleton
• Insect covered with hard outer shell
• Skin is very plastic like
• Difficult to sense environment
Insect Development
• Cold blooded- development influenced by temperature
• Most insects inactive below 50 0 F;
• Breed, eat, develop faster the warmer it is up to 95 0 F.
Insect reproduction
1. Short life cycles- most go through generation in 1- 6 weeks
2. Large number of offspring / female -100-2,000 eggs
Insect Reproduction
In 1 year from 1 male and 1 female if all offspring survive to breed
would produce
10 41 flies- if pack 1000 flies/cu. in.
Insect Reproduction
A ball of fruit flies 96 million miles in diameter which is 2/3 of the distance from earth to sun
· Why doesn’t it happen?
Insect classification
• 26-28 Orders -to separate use
• Type of development
• Type of mouthparts
and
Order Orthoptera
• Simple development
• Chewing mouthparts
• Two pairs of wings/
first set are thickened and leather-like
Earwigs- Dermaptera
• Short wing covers-second pair not always developed
• Simple development• Chewing mouthparts• Have terminal forceps• 20 species in North
America
True bugs -Order Hemiptera
•Simple development•Sucking mouthparts•Two pairs of wings/ 1st pair a half wing in Heterocera
< Half wing
True Bugs- Hemiptera wings
Two sets of wings
1st pair thick for
1st half , thin for other
< half wing
Aphids, scales, ciadaSuborder Homoptera
•Simple development•Sucking mouthparts•Two pairs of membrane type wings
Butterflies and moths -Order Lepidoptera
•Complete development-larvae are caterpillars
•Larvae have chewing mouth parts
•Two pairs of wings/ Covered with scales
Beetles- Order Coleoptera
•Complete development- larvae are grubs
•Chewing mouthparts larvae and adults
•Two pairs of wings-first hardened into
wing covers
True Flies- Order Diptera
•Complete development-larvae are maggots•Chewing mouthparts in larvae/ variable in adults•Adults only have 1 pair of wings
Ants,bees,sawfliesOrder Hymenoptera
•Complete development-larvae are maggot like•Chewing mouthparts in larvae•Two pairs of wings- both membrane like hooked together to work as one
Amazing insect facts
• Larvae eat 3-4 times their weight / day in food
• Aphids can process 100 times weight in plant sap
• Some insects can survive being frozen solid