Photographs and Lead: The Photographs and Lead: The Civil War’s Impact on Modern Civil War’s Impact on Modern

MedicineMedicine

Civil War Army TriageCivil War Army Triage

Head Wounds Treated First- if aliveHead Wounds Treated First- if alive

Arm/leg - treated secondArm/leg - treated second

Torso wounds- left to die on the Torso wounds- left to die on the fieldfield

amputation sceneamputation scene

Civil War FactsCivil War Facts

Civil War Facts Civil War Facts

UnionUnion ConferdateConferdate

# of Men Dead# of Men Dead 360,000360,000 260,000260,000

# of Men Killed by # of Men Killed by woundswounds

110,000110,000 94,00094,000

% of Men killed by % of Men killed by battlebattle

30.5%30.5% 36%36%

% of men with % of men with dysenterydysentery

99.9%99.9% 99.9%99.9%

# of Doctors at # of Doctors at startstart

9898 2424

# of Doctors at # of Doctors at end of warend of war

13,00013,000 4,0004,000

Why the carnageWhy the carnage

Napoleonic fighting-Napoleonic fighting- Form of fighting Form of fighting perfected by Napoleon in the early perfected by Napoleon in the early 1800’s. Worked with massing formations 1800’s. Worked with massing formations of men to concentrate fire on enemy. of men to concentrate fire on enemy. Usually lines were 3-4 “men deep”. Usually lines were 3-4 “men deep”.

Trench Warfare-Trench Warfare- Style of fighting in Style of fighting in which defenders dug into Earth to which defenders dug into Earth to protect themselves from fire of enemy. protect themselves from fire of enemy. Small numbers of defenders could hold Small numbers of defenders could hold off larger number of attackers. By 1864 off larger number of attackers. By 1864 Confederates routinely use this method Confederates routinely use this method for defense.for defense.

Basic Civil War TermsBasic Civil War Terms

Smoothbore weapon-Smoothbore weapon- muzzle has no muzzle has no groves in barrel. As a result weapon was groves in barrel. As a result weapon was not accurate since bullet or shell not accurate since bullet or shell “knuckled” in the air. (Accuracy about “knuckled” in the air. (Accuracy about 40-50%)40-50%)

Rifled weapon-Rifled weapon- groves etched into barrel groves etched into barrel of weapon. Groves caused bullet or shell of weapon. Groves caused bullet or shell to spin (“football spiral”). Weapons to spin (“football spiral”). Weapons were much more accurate than were much more accurate than smoothbore weapons. (Accuracy over smoothbore weapons. (Accuracy over 60% with twice the distance)60% with twice the distance)

New Civil War TechnologyNew Civil War Technology

Minie Ball-Minie Ball- special bullet special bullet designed in 1848 by Claude designed in 1848 by Claude Minie (French Army Officer) Minie (French Army Officer) groves at base allowed bullet to groves at base allowed bullet to use rifled barrels to spin. use rifled barrels to spin. Accuracy was over 250 yards. Accuracy was over 250 yards. Civil War is first major conflict to Civil War is first major conflict to use this bullet. Results in very use this bullet. Results in very high losses of men.high losses of men.

New Civil War TechnologyNew Civil War Technology

Napoleon Smoothbore Cannon-Napoleon Smoothbore Cannon- Fired Fired a round shell approximately 1700 a round shell approximately 1700 yards approximately 1 ½ miles: Most yards approximately 1 ½ miles: Most Common Confederate Cannon Common Confederate Cannon

Parrot Rifled Cannon-Parrot Rifled Cannon- Fired a “bullet Fired a “bullet shaped shell” approximately 2100 shaped shell” approximately 2100 yards approximately over 2 miles: yards approximately over 2 miles: More advanced, more common with More advanced, more common with Union Forces, had bad tendency to Union Forces, had bad tendency to explode when firing.explode when firing.

New Civil War TechnologyNew Civil War Technology Types of ArtilleryTypes of Artillery

Solid ShotSolid Shot – solid ball fired from Cannon. Used primarily – solid ball fired from Cannon. Used primarily against fortifications but in past was used against lines against fortifications but in past was used against lines of men (The Patriot)of men (The Patriot)

Fused/Case shotFused/Case shot- developed by British Officer Henry - developed by British Officer Henry Schrapnel in 1803. Fused Shot was designed to explode Schrapnel in 1803. Fused Shot was designed to explode in the air and rain down metal fragments on enemy in the air and rain down metal fragments on enemy troops. Later Case shot was developed when metal balls troops. Later Case shot was developed when metal balls were added to inflict more damage as shot explodedwere added to inflict more damage as shot exploded

CannisterCannister – Anti-personnel weapon used primarily against – Anti-personnel weapon used primarily against Infantry when within 50 yds of position. Was simply a Infantry when within 50 yds of position. Was simply a hollow tin can filled with saw dust, small balls, and hollow tin can filled with saw dust, small balls, and possibly links of chain. Effect was devastating, one shell possibly links of chain. Effect was devastating, one shell could wipe out over 26 men. could wipe out over 26 men.

GettysburgGettysburg

Bloodiest 3 days in American HistoryBloodiest 3 days in American History