Date post: | 09-Sep-2014 |
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Art & Photos |
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PhotographyA small sip from a firehose!
Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera(DSLR Camera)
Aperture
MirrorShutter
Sensor
Light
3 Pillars to Proper Exposure
1. Shutter Speed2. Aperture3. ISO
ProperExposure
Shutt
er S
peed
Aper
ture
ISO
Shutter Speed
• The amount of time the shutter (curtain) is open to allow light to expose the sensor (or film).– Expressed in seconds or fractions or a second• For example 1/400 sec.
– Doubling or halving = 1 full stop of light• For example, 1/800 is 1 stop down from 1/400
• The faster the shutter speed, the less light is allowed to hit the sensor.
Aperture
• The opening in the lens that controls the amount of light that enters the body of the camera.– Expressed in f numbers• For example f5.6
– The larger the number, the smaller the opening• F22 is a smaller hole than f5.6• Each “stop” is represents ½ the light (or double)
– Full stops are: f 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32
ISO
• The expression of the sensor’s (or film’s) sensitivity to light.– Expressed as ISO• For example ISO 400 – or 400 ISO.
– Doubling (or halving) equals 1 full stop of light• For example ISO 200 is 1 stop down from ISO 400.
Baseline Exposure Sample
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f8ISO- 400
We’ll assume that this is the proper exposure for the following exercise.
Baseline Exposure Sample
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f8ISO- 400
These settings will yield exactly the same exposure!
Shutter- 1/1000Aperture- f8ISO- 800=
Baseline Exposure Sample
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f8ISO- 400
These settings will yield exactly the same exposure!
Shutter- 1/1000Aperture- f5.6ISO- 400=
Baseline Exposure Sample
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f8ISO- 400
These settings will yield exactly the same exposure!
Shutter- 1/2000Aperture- f4ISO- 400=
Baseline Exposure Sample
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f8ISO- 400
These settings will yield exactly the same exposure!
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f5.6ISO- 200
=
Baseline Exposure Sample
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f8ISO- 400
These settings will yield exactly the same exposure!
Shutter- Aperture- f11ISO-
=
Baseline Exposure Sample
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f8ISO- 400
These settings will yield exactly the same exposure!
Shutter- 1/250Aperture- ISO-
=
Baseline Exposure Sample
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f8ISO- 400
These settings will yield exactly the same exposure!
Shutter- Aperture- f11 ISO-
=
Baseline Exposure Sample
Shutter- 1/500Aperture- f8ISO- 400
These settings will yield exactly the same exposure!
Shutter- Aperture- ISO- 1600
=
But why do I care?
Shutter Speed• Slow shutter speeds cause blur!– Hand-hold 1/focal length• Some lenses may have Vibration Reduction (VR) for
Nikon and Image Stabilization (IS) for Canon. This is a useful too, but I don’t count on it!
1/80 f4.5 ISO 400 Focal Length 135mm
• Slow shutters can be used for creativity as well.Shutter Speed
5.8sec (tripod) f4.5 ISO 640 Focal Length 24mm
Shutter Speed• Fast shutter speeds freeze action!– Great for sports or creative shots• Normally require a lot of light or….what?
1/2500 f5.6 ISO 800 Focal Length 280mm
Shutter Speed• Fast shutter speeds freeze action!
1/4000 f8 ISO 800 Focal Length 210mm
Aperture(Depth of Field)
• Wide open apertures (large aperture, small fstop)– Very shallow Depth of Field (DOF)• Small area of the subject will be in focus and
background/foreground will be blurred
1/200 f3.5 ISO 4000 Focal Length 105mm (fixed macro)
Aperture(Depth of Field)
• Ultra Wide open apertures (large aperture, small fstop)– Extremely shallow Depth of Field (DOF)
– Subject is a feature within the subject (single eye for example)
1/6400 f1.4 ISO 400 Focal Length 105mm (fixed macro)
Aperture(Depth of Field)
• Stopped down apertures (small aperture, larger fstop)– Wide Depth of Field (DOF)• Larger area of the subject will be in focus as will
increasing amount of background/foreground.
Aperture(creative use)
1/3200 f14 ISO 4000 Focal Length 105mm (fixed macro)
Aperture
1/400 f5 ISO 800 Focal Length 200mm
•Intentional use of DOF – show/hide as you desireThis table wasn’t ready to be photographed
*as seen in Ceremony Magazine
Aperture
1/4000 f8 ISO 800 Focal Length 500mm (pacing)
Intentional use of DOF – makes focusing easier
ISO
1/2500 f2.8 ISO 800 Focal Length 200mm
Lower ISO = Better quality, lower noise
ISO
1/50 f2.8 ISO 25,600 Focal Length 98mm
Higher ISO = Lower quality, Higher noise
ISO
1/30 f2.8 ISO 25,600 Focal Length 86mm
Higher ISO - Sometimes you just HAVE to!
Light
• Not all light is created equal– Window light– Direct sunlight– Open Shade– Flash (on-camera, off-camera, studio)– Bulbs– Reflected– Diffused
Light
• The BIGGER the source, the better!– The sun is not a big source.– A large panel close to the subject is.
Diffused• Beautiful light
Look at Eyes for Lighting
On Camera Flashgenerally not preferred
•Very small source – small catch light•Harsh shadows•Good for snapshots at the beach or in direct sunlight situations.•Force your camera flash on.
Bounced On Camera Flash…better
Off Camera Flash
Off Camera Flash
WindowConsidered by many to be the best!
Studio (and paper)
ReflectorOne of my favorites for control
Composition
• We see life from somewhere around 5-6’.– Show the viewer something different than that.– They won’t know why the like it, they just will.– Get down on the ground.– Climb up in trees or on chairs.– Put the subject down on the ground.
Rule of Thirds
• Says “Don’t center your subject.
Rule of Thirds in Practice
Dare to be differentTake 1 normal & 1 “risky”
Rules are Made to be Broken
Low Point of View
High Point of View
Lead your subject
Lead your subject
Don’t Do This!You lose the story
Leading Lines
Multiple People•Avoid lining up eyes•Create triangles•If it bends, bend it!
Multiple People•Avoid lining up eyes•Create triangles•If it bends, bend it!
Multiple People•Avoid lining up eyes•Create triangles•If it bends, bend it!
Questions?