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- Seminar, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea, Aug. 17, 2008. - Seminar, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea, Aug. 10, 2008. - Seminar, Inha University, Incheon, Korea, Jul. 30, 2008. - Seminar, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Jul. 29, 2008. - Seminar, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea, Jul. 28, 2008.
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Photonics 21 Next Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Access towards 10Gb/s Everywhere Dr Kyeong Soo (Joseph) Kim ([email protected]) Institute of Advanced Telecommunications
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Page 1: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Photonics21 Next Generation

Optical Internet Access:Roadmap for Broadband Optical Access towards 10Gb/s

Everywhere

Dr Kyeong Soo (Joseph) Kim ([email protected])

Institute of Advanced Telecommunications

Page 2: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere
Page 3: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Outline

• Swansea & Swansea University

• TSB Photonics21–NGOIA Project

– Business & Architectural Issues

– Paradigm Shift in Optical Networking

– Ultimate Optical Network Architecture

– Toward Next-Generation Optical Access

• Summary

Page 4: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

SWANSEA & SWANSEA

UNIVERSITY

Page 5: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Where is Swansea?

WalesSwansea Cardiff - Welsh Capital

Less than an hour away

by car or train

London – UK Capital

Less than three hours

by car or train

(192 miles)

Page 6: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Swansea University

•29th university

established in the UK

•King George V laid the

foundation stone in July

1920

•Now over 12,000

students

–1,800 international

Page 7: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Swansea University

The University stands in parkland overlooking Swansea Bay on the edge of

the Gower Peninsula, Britain's first “Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty”.

Beach

Page 8: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

World-Class Research

• Why should you be interested in research?

• 4 world-class research centres

• 5* research ratings – one of only 3 in the UK

• Strong links with industry E.g. Rolls Royce,

Siemens, IBM, Esso, BP Chemicals, Ford,

BT, Procter and Gamble

• Many of our industrial partners offer

sponsorship and prizes

• Recent research projects have included:

Millennium Stadium, Supersonic Thrust Car

• 3 world-class research centres

• Civil and Computational Research Centre

• Materials Research Centre

• Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre

• Within top 8 Eng. Dept. in the UK

• Strong links with industry

• NASA, Rolls Royce, Airbus, European Space

Agency, BAE systems, Siemens, IBM, Motorola,

BT, Ericsson, Esso, BP Chemicals, Texaco, Ford,

Procter and Gamble, Corus, …

• Recent research projects including

• Millennium Stadium, Supersonic Thrust Car,

Airbus A380, NASA space shuttle, …

World-Class Research

Page 9: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Scholarships

• Zienkiewicz Scholarships (MRes, PhD)

– Full fees plus generous stipend

• Erasmus Mundus MSc in Computational Mechanics

– Worldwide cooperation and mobility programme

– €42,000

• School of Engineering Scholarships

– For both undergraduate and postgraduate

Page 10: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

TSB PHOTONICS21–NGOIA PROJECT

Page 11: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Aim

• To identify promising routes forward in achieving the

goal of “10 Gb/s everywhere”, while making best use of

the existing knowledge that has been gained in earlier

projects.

– The solutions will show most promise of cost

effectiveness, be future proof (i.e., allowing

bandwidth evolution and infrastructure reuse) and

allow simple interfaces which can be standardized.

Page 12: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Partners

• 5 Industrial Partners

– Oclaro (Bookham)

– BT

– Ericsson

– CIP

– Gooch & Housego

• 4 Academic Partners

– Cambridge

– Essex

– Swansea

– UCL

Page 13: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Target FP7* ICT Work Programme 2009-10

• Objective ICT-2009 3.7: Photonics: €60M

– Photonics21** ERA-NET*** Plus: €10M

• On the FTTH broadband infrastructure providing

1 Gb/s data rates for every household, scalable

to 10 Gb/s.

* FP7: the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development

** Photonics21: A European Technology Platform

*** ERA-NET: European Research Area-Network

Page 14: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

BUSINESS & ARCHITECTURAL

ISSUES

Page 15: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

FTTH* vs. Cloud Computing**

SaaS*** User

SaaS Provider/

Cloud User

Cloud Provider

Web Apps

Utility computing

vs.

* NGOA Workshop, Mar. 2008.

** “Above the clouds”, UC Berkeley.

*** SaaS: Software as a Service

Page 16: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

FTTH Business Perspective*

Layer Economic

Character

Life Cycle Cost per

Subscriber

Service Layer Low CapEx,

average to high

OpEx

1 to x years ?

Active Layer Average CapEx,

low OpEx

5 to 10 years €300~500

Passive Layer High CapEx, very

(very) low OpEx

25 to 50 years €500~700

•NGOA Workshop, Mar. 2008.

Page 17: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Cloud Computing: New Aspects in Hardware*

• The illusion of infinite computing resources available on

demand

– Through the construction of large-scale, commodity-computer

datacenters at low cost locations, and virtualization technique

• The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users

– Companies can start small and increase gradually

• The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a

short-term basis as needed* “Above the clouds”, UC Berkeley.

Page 18: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Cloud Computing: Economic Benefits*

• Elasticity

– Ability to add or remove

resources at a fine grain

and with a small lead time

• Transference of risks of

– Overprovisioning

(underutilization)

– Underprovisioning

(saturation)

* “Above the clouds”, UC Berkeley.

Max. (=peak)

Min.

Avg.

Time

Demand

Page 19: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Cloud Computing: A New Killer Application for

Next Generation Optical Internet Access?

• Data transfer bottlenecks (to and from Clouds)

– Example: Move 10 TB from UC Berkeley to Amazon in

Seattle*

• WAN link of 20 Mb/s: 4 Msec ≈ 46 days

• Overnight shipping (FedEx): 1 day (i.e., 1.5 Gb/s)

• 10 Gb/s link: ≈ 2 hours

» Even better if we could use more than 10

Gb/s for a short period!

* “Above the clouds”, UC Berkeley.

Page 20: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

ULTIMATE OPTICAL NETWORK

ARCHITECTURE

Page 21: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Current Network Limitations

• Bandwidth-hungry services (e.g., VOD, IPTV):

– Increase the amount of network infrastructure

– Increase the network energy consumption

– Increase the data-driven network crashes

• Due to:

– Unbalance in capacity between core and access

– Mismatch between service/usage models and network

infrastructure

– Large number of power-hungry and error-prone electrical

components/systems

Page 22: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Paradigm Shift in Optical Networking

• Changes in network architectures

– Performance Energy efficiency driven

– Static Dynamically reconfigurable network

– Dedicated Shared resources

– Separate & complicated Integrated & simplified management layers/interfaces

– Unbalanced Balanced bandwidth link utilization

Page 23: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Traditional Way of Using Wavelengths

TX

TX

TX

TX

RX

RX

RX

RX

SW SW

Page 24: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Optical Network with

Passive/Semi-passive Nodes

New Way of Using Wavelengths

Tunable

TXSW

Tunable

TXSW

Tunable

TXSW

Fixed

RXSW

Fixed

RXSW

Fixed

RXSW

Page 25: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Continuous vs. Burst-Mode Communications

TX RXSW SW...010110100101110100101001001010101111101001010101…

SONET/SDH

Packet Packet Packet

RX SW10011…0110

Packet Packet Packet

011…010 011…010

Page 26: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Enabling Technologies

• Common denominator in technologies enabling

flexible, dynamically-reconfigurable optical networks

– CWDM

– Tunable filters

– Tunable lasers

– Burst-mode communications

• The paradigm shift pushes these technologies

towards the edge of the networks!

Page 27: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Ultimate Optical Network Architecture - 1

• A common network architecture/infrastructure for access/metro/backbone

• To enjoy the benefits of Economy of Scale* by maximizing statistical MUXing gain over

– Traffic burstiness

– Different usage patterns

• Challenge: How to integrate them all?

27

Backbone/CoreBackbone/CoreMAN

Access

Access

Residential

Users

Business

Users

Access/MAN/Backbone

Residential

Users

Business

Users

* Factors of 5 to 7 decrease in cost (“Above the clouds”, UC Berkeley)

Page 28: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Ultimate Optical Network Architecture - 2

• Network resource as utility

• Cut the (static) link between fibre infrastructure and pool of transceivers

• Challenge: Everything (both up- and downstream) in burst-mode communications

28

Fibre Infrastructure

(Access/MAN) …

Transceivers

X

Page 29: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Ultimate Optical Network Architecture - 3

… …

P-T-P & WDM-PONTDM-PON

Hybrid PON(with advanced architecture)

Page 30: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Ultimate Optical Network Architecture:

Example

SUCCESS-HPON – Hybrid TDM/WDM-PONs

(2003-2005)

Central

OfficeRN

RN

RN

RN

’1, 2

1

2

21

22 23

’1

’3, 4, …

1, 2

3, 4, …

3

’3

3

31

32

33

TDM-PON ONU

RN TDM-PON RN

WDM-PON ONU

RN WDM-PON RN

Central

OfficeRN

RN

RN

RN

’1, 2

1

2

21

22 23

’1

’3, 4, …

1, 2

3, 4, …

3

’3

3

31

32

33

TDM-PON ONU

RN TDM-PON RN

WDM-PON ONU

RN WDM-PON RN

Protection & restoration is

possible by using different s

on east- and west- bound.

Page 31: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Benefits of Flexible Architecture

R

Tunable

TX 1

Power

SplitterWDM

DEMUX

ONU 1

ONU 16

. .

.

Start small and grow gradually

Page 32: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Benefits of Flexible Architecture

R

R

Tunable

TX 1

Tunable

TX 2

Power

SplitterWDM

DEMUX

ONU 1

ONU 32

. .

.

Start small and grow gradually

Page 33: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Benefits of Flexible Architecture

R

R

Tunable

TX 1

Tunable

TX 2

Power

SplitterWDM

DEMUX

ONU 1

ONU 48

. .

.

R

Tunable

TX 3

Start small and grow gradually

Page 34: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Benefits of Flexible Architecture

R

R

Tunable

TX 1

Tunable

TX 2

Power

SplitterWDM

DEMUX

ONU 1

ONU 64

. .

.

R

Tunable

TX 3

R

Tunable

TX 4

Start small and grow gradually

Page 35: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Benefits of Flexible Architecture

R

R

Tunable

TX 1

Tunable

TX 2

Power

SplitterWDM

DEMUX

ONU 1

ONU 64

. .

.

R

Tunable

TX 3

R

Tunable

TX 4

Flexibility and power efficiency

Usage = 50%

(Compared to Peak)Turn off TX3 & TX4 to save energy

Page 36: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Benefits of Flexible Architecture

R

R

Tunable

TX 1

Tunable

TX 2

Power

SplitterWDM

DEMUX

ONU 1

ONU 64

. .

.

R

Tunable

TX 3

R

Tunable

TX 4

Redundancy and hot-swap capability

TX4 failedThe system is still running (with

slightly degraded performance)

Page 37: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

TOWARD NEXT-GENERATION OPTICAL

ACCESS

Page 38: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Evolution of Optical Access

OLT

ONU

ONU

ONU

OLT

ONU

ONU

TDM-PON

OLT

ONU

ONU

ONU

ONU

OLT

ONU

ONU

ONU

? LR-PON

WDM-PON

Hybrid PON

Page 39: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Geneva, 19-20 June 2008

Evolution scenario

Now ~2010 ~2015

Power splitter deployed for Giga PON(no replacement / no addition)

Splitter for NGA2(power splitter or something new)

G-PON

GE-PON

WDM option to

enable to overlay multiple G/XGPONs

Co-existence

“Co-existence”arrows mean to allow gradual migration in the same ODN.

NG-PON2E.g. Higher-rate TDM

DWDMElect. CDMOFDM,Etc.

Equipment

be common

as much as

possible

NG-PON1 incl. long-reach optionC

apacity

XG-PON(Up: 2.5G to 10G,

Down: 10G)

Co-existence

Component R&D to enable NG-PON2

A Suggested Time Line from ITU-T/IEEE*

* J. Kani and R. Davey , “Requirements for Next Generation PON,”

Joint ITU-T/IEEE Workshop on NGOA, Jun. 2008.

Page 40: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Areas of Improvement

• Reach– Through amplification

• Bandwidth per subscriber– Higher transmission rate in TDM-PON

– Introduction of WDM

• User base– Serving both residential and business users

through common infrastructure• Stronger protection capability for business users

Page 41: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Candidates for NGOA

• LR-PON

– 10 Gb/s over 100km with up to 1000:1 split ratios*

• WDM-PON

– Use of array of transceivers

– Lack of BW sharing

– Inventory management of ONUs with different s

– Need of colorless or sourceless ONUs

• Hybrid TDM/WDM-PON

– Use of fast tuneable lasers (and receivers)

– Flexible architecture, but complex MAC/scheduling

– How-swapping capability of tuneable components

* MIT CIPS Optical Broadband Working Group

Page 42: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Challenges

• Power Efficiency

– Number of high-powered transceivers and optical amplifiers in use

• Maintenance

– For active components and thermal optical devices in the field

• Backward compatibility

– For current-generation TDM-PONs

• Scalability

– Start small and grow gradually

• Integration with other services

– Wireless/Video overlay

Page 43: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

43

BT’s Current

UK Network

BT-21CN

Simplified UK

Network

Current Status of Network

Page 44: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Excerpts from Architecture Document

• “10 Gbit/s everywhere” is taken to mean that any customer premises can

cost-effectively access useful end-to-end symmetrical throughputs of

10Gb/s data on demand (i.e., whenever they want it but it need not

necessarily always be there).”

– Major focus on residential and SME customers.

– 10 Gb/s line rate in the access is a necessary but not sufficient condition.

– Some degree of contention assumed at various points in the network

• What is missing here?

– Description/definition which is

• Specific (e.g., What is “useful”?)

• Practical & implementable (e.g., any shared architecture can achieve this?)

• Measurable (during the operation in the field)

Page 45: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

What Does “10 Gb/s” Means?

• We need a quantifiable &

measurable definition of “10 Gb/s” at

the user side for

– Comparative study of candidate

architectures

– Actual implementations

• One proposal is based on the

extension of the equivalent circuit

rate (ECR)*.

– For general services & applications

in addition to web-browsing and

interactive data

– Taking into account access/metro

part only* N.K. Shankaranarayanan, Z. Jiang, and P. Mishra,

“User-perceived performance of web-browsing and

interactive data in HFC cable access networks,” Proc. Of

ICC, pp. 1264-1268, Jun. 2001.

Server

User

User

Candidate architecture

Server User

User

Y

Z = α*min(X, Y) (α < 1)

The same

perceived

performance

X

Page 46: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Implications on Metro/Access* Architectures - 1

• If we mean by “10 Gb/s” the (extended) ECR of

the network architecture (i.e., Z), we can derive

the following conclusions:

– Point-to-point (including static WDM-PONs)

architectures with a UNI (i.e., Y) of 10 Gb/s can meet

the requirement.

• As far as the NNI (i.e., X) is not a bottleneck.

• But there is no statistical multiplexing gain (i.e., sharing of

resources) in this architecture.

* Not end-to-end.

Page 47: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Implications on Metro/Access Architectures - 2

– Shared architectures with a UNI of 10 Gb/s may not meet this

requirement (i.e., ECR < 10 Gb/s), irrespective of NNI.

• Need to increase either line rate (for TDM-PON & hybrid

TDM/WDM-PON) or number of WDM channels (for hybrid

TDM/WDM-PON) at the UNI.

• Note that the ECR is a function of the architecture (fixed

component), the number of users, and the nature of

services/applications (variable components).

» Possible (& even desirable?) to keep the ECR constant

(i.e., 10 Gb/s in this case) by changing the line rate

and/or the number of WDM channels?

Page 48: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Summary

• Changing business environment and demands are driving forces behind the paradigm shift in optical networking toward

– Flexible, dynamically-reconfigurable network to better utilize network resources

– Passive/semi-passive network to maximise energy efficiency

– A common network infrastructure for access/metro/backbone

• We plan to carry out the following tasks for realizing NGOIA solutions scalable up to 10 Gb/s:

– Investigate candidate architectures in terms of cost, power efficiency, maintenance, scalability, and extensibility.

– Provide a guideline for future NGOIA solutions and large-scale European projects on this subject.

Page 49: Photonics21 – Next-Generation Optical Internet Access: Roadmap for Broadband Optical Internet Access towards 10 Gb/s Everywhere

Questions?

Thank you for your time


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