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Where does all of our energy come from?
THE SUN
How do plants get food? Photosynthesis- Process by which
green plants or organism with chlorophyll convert _______ energy into _____________ energy in the bonds of carbohydrates
________________ – Can transfer energy to produce food – can synthesize food
_________________ – Must obtain energy from preformed food – gotta eat food!
light chemical
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
THE FORMULA
_____________________ ________________chlorophyll
enzymes
Seems simple, huh? Takes EIGHTY different chemical reactions
from start to finish
carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen
Where does Photosynthesis happen? In the _________________!
Chloroplasts are oval structure consisting of stacks called grana (photosynthetic membranes) and a liquid called stroma.
Chlorophyll is found in the stacked grana
chloroplasts
ATP When chlorophyll absorbs light, it is
absorbing energy It stores it in the __________ of Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP)bonds
ATP v ADP
Section 4.1 Review What is the difference between an
autotroph and a heterotroph?
How are ADP and ATP related?
What are the reactants of photosynthesis? The products?
Autotroph—makes own foodHeterotroph—needs to eat food
ADP is missing a phosphate (and energy)ATP has all 3 phosphate and lots of energyThey go back and forth
carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen
2 Main steps of PS1. Light reactions—occurs only in the
presence of ___________ Occurs in the grana (thylakoids) of the
chloroplasts Also known as Photolysis because light is
used to __________ _________ molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
light
split water
2 Main steps of PS1. Dark Reactions—can occur in light
____ darkness. Follows light reactions Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts Also known as Carbon fixation because
CO2 will get “fixed up” with the hydrogens and energy from the light reaction
or
Light Reactions1. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from
sunlight. Water is __________ _________ Oxygen is ______________
2. Oxygen leaves the plant and goes into the air
broken downreleased
The Dark Reactions1. _________ is added to a cycle of
reactions to build larger molecules
2. A molecule of simple sugar is formed _____________
CO2
glucose
Section 4.2 Review What is the role of chlorophyll in
photosynthesis?
What goes in the light reactions? What comes out?
What goes in the dark reactions? What comes out?
Absorbs energy from sunlight
IN: light and waterOUT: Oxygen
IN: CO2
OUT: Glucose (C6H12O6)
The route from food to energy________
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
GLUCOSE
Glycolysis Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid
molecules Occurs in ______________
cytoplasm
Glycolysis 2 ATP invested 4 ATP generated
___ “net” ATP gained2
Fermentation Occurs after glycolysis Does ______ require oxygen
______________
Switches NADH back into NAD+ Allows glycolysis to continue
not
Anaerobic
Fermentation Two types
_______________ fermentation
__________ ________ fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic acid
Section 4.4 Review—Part A Where does glycolysis take place?
What goes into glycolysis? What comes out of glycolysis?
Why does fermentation occur?
What are the two different types of fermentation?
Cytoplasm
IN: Glucose OUT: 2 ATP & 3 carbon molecule
No oxygen present
Lactic acid Alcoholic
Aerobic Respiration After glycolysis Only in _______________ Require _________
_________ process
NOT THE SAME AS REGULAR RESPIRATION!
eukaryotes
oxygen
Aerobic
Where does aerobic respiration happen? In the mitochondria!
_______________ are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Mitochondria
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration1. Kreb’s cycle
o Pyruvic acid is broken down into ________ in a series of energy-extracting reactions• 2 ATP are generated
CO2
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration2. __________ ___________ ________
o Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATPo _____________ are produced
Electron transport chain
32 ATP
Section 4.4 Review—Part B Where does aerobic respiration take place?
What goes into the Kreb’s cycle? What comes out?
What goes into electron transport? What comes out?
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Mitochondria
IN: 3 carbon molecule OUT: ATP, CO2
IN: Oxygen OUT: ATP!!!
Reactants of one are basically the products of the other