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Photosynthesis
Photo + Synthesis
• Photo = ?• Synthesis = ?
http://s3.amazonaws.com/picable/2009/04/17/885193_Photosynthesis-How-it-Works-LightDependent-Reactions-amp-Calvin-Cycle_620.jpg
From its name, what do you think mean?
http://www.geographyalltheway.com/ib_geography/ib_ecosystems/imagesetc/food_web.gif
http://s3.amazonaws.com/picable/2009/04/17/885193_Photosynthesis-How-it-Works-LightDependent-Reactions-amp-Calvin-Cycle_620.jpg
Guess the message of this slide
Are plants the only organisms that can carry out photosynthesis?
http://bio1151b.nicerweb.net/Locked/media/ch10/10_02Photoautotrophs.jpg
Science Golden Rule
• Law of Conservation of Energy– energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it
can only be transformed from one state to another
Q: Describe the energy transformation that takes place in photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration vs Photosynthesis
Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Glucose, Water, ATP, Light
1. Choose words from the above list to write the word equation for cellular respiration.
2. Choose words from the above list to write the word equation for photosynthesis.
3. What do you notice?
Cellular Respiration vs Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Oxygen + Glucose Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP
Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + Water + Light Oxygen + Glucose
(Chemical energy in organic compound)
(Chemical energy )
(Chemical energy in organic compound)
(Light energy)
Cellular Respiration vs Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
6 O2 + C6H12O6 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light 6 O2 + C6H12O6
Light
http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/Portugal/South/Lisboa/Massama/photo133016.htm
What colour would you describe this light?
http://www.insidesocal.com/friendlyfire/rainbow-too.jpg
http://www.andybrain.com/sciencelab/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/cd-spinner-3.jpg
A Spectrum of Colour
http://electron9.phys.utk.edu/phys135d/modules/m10/images/prism.jpg
All come from white light
http://cronodon.com/sitebuilder/images/spectrum.jpg
Light detectable by human eyes
http://www.wwu.edu/depts/skywise/img/light_spectrum.bmp
Lightwaves, wavelength
How do we see colours?
http://learn.uci.edu/media/OC08/11004/OC0811004_Red.jpg
How do we see colours?
http://www.factmonster.com/images/ESCI122COLOUR008.jpg
Red apple reflects red light
and absorbs other colours
http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/images/apple_reflection.jpg
Light enters the eye, signals are sent to the brain, colours are interpreted
Visible light is only the waves the human eyes can see
Infrared
http://www.centurionservices.com/images/infrared.jpg
Ultraviolet
http://www.maplin.co.uk/images/Full/mw36p.jpg
X-ray
http://sleevage.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/08/homer_simpson_xray.jpg
Microwave
http://www.sailorsams.com/images/contoure_microwave_cm7060S.jpg
http://www.colourtherapyhealing.com/colour/images/electromagnetic-spectrum.jpg
What colour does a leaf reflect? What colours does it absorb?
http://www.factmonster.com/images/ESCI122COLOUR008.jpghttp://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/images/apple_reflection.jpg
Red apple reflects red light
and absorbs
other colours
http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/3394/4513chestnut_leaf.jpg
3.8.3, 3.8.4Absorption Spectrum
http://www.vernier.com/caliper/fall06/images/chlorophyll_large.jpg
http://www.shortcourses.com/images/b4ch4/greenobject.jpg
Chlorophyll
3.8.3 Chlorophyll as pigment
Absorption SpectrumLight absorbed by plants
Action SpectrumLight used for photosynthesis
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/BotanicalSciences/PlantHormones/Nutrition/706.GIF
8.2.7
Details of Photosynthesis
• Many similarities to cellular respiration!• Familiar terms:
– H+ (protons), electrons, NADP+, NADPH, electron transport chain, ATP, ADP, phosphates, ATP synthase, proton gradient, chemiosmosis
– (Go revise cellular respiration first! You’ll feel more confident.)
http://www.caribbeanedu.com/images/kewl/photosynthesis.gif
Q: How does plant obtain water?
Identify in this diagram Assessment Statements 3.8.5 and 3.8.6
http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/photosynthesis3.jpgInside the chloroplast
Identify in this diagram Assessment Statements 3.8.5 and 3.8.6
http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/photosynthesis3.jpgInside the chloroplast
8.2.1, 8.2.6
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/assets/learn_its/alevel/biology/cells-and-organelles/organelles/chloroplast-b.gif
http://cfcc.edu/faculty/dnorris/pdf/photosynthesis.jpg
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5 Light-independent Reaction/ Calvin Cycle1. Carbon dioxide is "fixed" or attached to a 5-carbon sugar called ribulose
biphosphate (RuBP) – by the enzyme ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo)
2. Produce a 6-carbon sugar similar to the sugar glucose. Each (unstable) 6 carbon molecules splits into 2 (3 Carbon compounds) known as Glycerate 3-phosphate (GP) which is an acid.
3. ATP and NADPH used to convert GP to sugar Triose Phosphate (TP, a.k.a. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, G3P)
4. TP can be removed from the cycle and used for the formation of larger carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose and starch.
5. 3 RuBP is regenerated from the every 5 remaining TP. (3 x 5C = 5 x 3C)
(GP)
= Triose Phosphate (TP)
Factors affecting rate of photosynthesis
3.8.8, 8.2.8 Where have you seen a similar graph before?
http://click4biology.info/c4b/3/images/3.8/temperature.gif
3.8.8, 8.2.8 Where have you seen a similar graph before?
http://www.skoool.ie/skoool/uploadedImages/contentimages/graph2.gifhttp://www.spsbiology.info/Learning%20exercises/Photosynthesis%20mulitchoice/CO2%20limiting.gif