PHOTOSYNTHESIPHOTOSYNTHESISS

Source of usable Source of usable energy for living energy for living

thingsthings

Why is photosynthesis Why is photosynthesis important?important?

1.The majority (90%) of the energy we use for transportation, appliances, and communications today comes from oil and coal

2.The energy in oil and coal was produced through the process of photosynthesis and was then transformed by millions of years of change

Why is photosynthesis Why is photosynthesis important?important?

3.Without photosynthesis, all living organisms (except a few types of bacteria) would be unable to survive

4.Plants converts air, light, and water into billions of tons of sugar every year using photosynthesis

Why is photosynthesis Why is photosynthesis important?important?

5.The majority of the sugar produced by plants is converted into structures inside the plant itself, including wood, fiber, cellulose, and amino acids

6.94% of the dry weight of plants is directly due to photosynthesis – the mass of a plant is due to air, water, and light

Why go through Why go through photosynthesis?photosynthesis?

1.Cells require energy to carry out their necessary functions

2.The main energy source for cells is a molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) that releases energy when one phosphate molecule is removed

Why go through Why go through photosynthesis?photosynthesis?

3.ATP only lasts for a few seconds and must be produced constantly by breaking down glucose, a simple carbohydrate

4.A total of 36 ATP can be generated from breaking down one glucose molecule making it a very efficient storage molecule for energy

Why go through Why go through photosynthesis?photosynthesis?

5.Plants can carry out photo-synthesis in the chloroplasts by collecting solar energy in the pigment molecule chlorophyll

What is What is ChlorophyllChlorophyll

1.1.Sunlight is composed of many Sunlight is composed of many different wavelengths ranging different wavelengths ranging from violet to redfrom violet to red

2.2.Chlorophyll is green because it Chlorophyll is green because it absorbs all the wavelengths absorbs all the wavelengths but greenbut green

3.3.The eThe e-- in chlorophyll gain a in chlorophyll gain a higher energy level when a higher energy level when a wavelength is absorbed and wavelength is absorbed and then bounce around the ring – then bounce around the ring – porphyrin (blueporphyrin (blue))

What is Photosynthesis?What is Photosynthesis?

1.Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that are represented by the following combined reaction

2.6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 + 6H2O

What is Photosynthesis?What is Photosynthesis?

What happens duringWhat happens duringphotosynthesis?photosynthesis?

1.Photosynthesis is the carried out by two different series of reactions

A. The Light-Dependant ReactionsB. The Light-Independent Reactions

2.Both processes are essential and even though they are cyclical, the occur simultaneously

Light Dependent ReactionsLight Dependent Reactions

Occurs in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Produces two energy carrying molecules, ATP and NADPH

Simulation

Light Independent ReactionsLight Independent Reactions

The purpose of the light independent reactions is to fix carbon from the atmosphere into glucose Occurs in the

stroma of the chloroplast

Light Independent ReactionsLight Independent Reactions

• The Calvin cycle requires 6 molecules of CO2 to produce one molecule of glucose – this requires 6 “turns” of the cycle

What is ATP?What is ATP?

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) The energy storage molecule of cellsThe energy storage molecule of cells

How is ATP formed?How is ATP formed?

ADP (adenosine diphosphate) in cells can be converted to ATP (adenosine triphosphate), by the addition of a phosphate. The bond holding this third phosphate on is a high energy bond. The energy required to make this bond is stored in the bond, therefore ATP is an energy storage compound.

Visible Light SpectrumVisible Light Spectrum

PigmentsPigments

1.1. Chlorophyll is a pigment. It Chlorophyll is a pigment. It absorbs absorbs redred and and blueblue light, light, and transmits and transmits green green lightlight

2.2. Carotenoids absorb Carotenoids absorb violet violet and and blueblue lightlight

SpectrophotometerSpectrophotometer

Measures ability of a pigment Measures ability of a pigment to absorb or transmit lightto absorb or transmit light

ChromatographyChromatography Pigments have different rates Pigments have different rates

of flow on filter paperof flow on filter paper Petroleum Ether is the solvent Petroleum Ether is the solvent

used to carry the pigmentused to carry the pigment Heavier pigments travel least Heavier pigments travel least

distancedistance Light weight pigments travel Light weight pigments travel

farthestfarthest

IIIIIIIIIIIII ORANGE……... CAROTENE

IIIIIIIIIIIII YELLOW....XANTHOPHYLL

IIIIIIIIIIIII LIGHT GREEN.....CHLOR. A

IIIIIIIIIIIII DARKGREEN…...CHLOR. B

IIIIIIIIIIIII RED………..ANTHOCYANIN

Chromatography