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Photosynthesis
• The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass/matter conservation, states that the mass of an isolated system (closed to all matter and energy) will remain constant over time.
• The law of conservation of energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis transforms solar energy into carbohydrates. • Essential for the continuance of life• The source of food and oxygen for nearly all living things
6CO2 + 6H2O C6 H12O6 + 6O2
solar energy
Photosynthesis
• Raw materials: CO2 + H2O
• End products: carbohydrates
• Organelle: chloroplast
• Two sets of reactions
—Light-dependent reaction O2 is produced
—Calvin cycle reaction carbohydrate is produced
Light-dependent reaction• An energy capturing reaction
• Visible light has many components
Pigments in chloroplast absorb various portions of visible light
Chlorophyll a & b:
violet, blue, and red
Carotenoid:
violet, blue, and green
Solar energy photosystem II (pigments)
breaking down H2O Electrons (from H2O)
electron transport chain (ETC) photosystem I NADP + NADPH
Calvin cycle reaction
• Using ATP & NADPH made in the light reactions to produce
carbohydrate
• taking place in the stroma
Paper Chromatography• An analytical chemistry
technique: separating & identifying mixtures that are / can be colored
• A piece of paper is dipped into solvent
• solvent molecules: keep finding new places to stick to; climb up the paper being replaced by new solvent molecules below
• molecules dissolved in the solvent: are carried along up the paper
sample mixture
solvent level
solvent levelsample mixture
solvent level
• different compounds in the sample mixture travel at different rates
• differences in solubility in the solvent & in their attraction to the paper fibers
• the more soluble the component the further it goes
Experiments
• Following handout