Photovoltaic Project Analysis Using RETScreen software

January 09

Fernando Nuño

European Copper Institute

[email protected]

Photovoltaic Project AnalysisUsing RETScreen software

Case study : 36 kWp installed in South of Spain, grid connected, fix structure

In cooperation with Infrysol

http://www.infrysol.com/

http://www.retscreen.net/

www.leonardo-energy.org

Index

What a PV system consists on?

Fix Structure vs Tracking System

RETScreen Analysis– Required inputs– Computing– Results

http://www.leonardo-energy.org/


What a PV system consists on?

Photovoltaic cells connected into

modules

Modules grouped into panels, panels grouped into arrays

Power conditioning unit (inverter)

Pictures: Fernando Nuño

Transformer

Grid Connection



Fix Structure vs Tracking System

Pictures: Fernando Nuño

No moving parts, lower maintenance, more reliable operation

Needs higher maintenance and suffers

higher risk of unscheduled outages

Easy to install and operate

Needs more solid foundations and stiff structure : +1€/Wp

Average production in South of Spain : 1500

kWh/kWp

Average production in South of Spain : 2000

kWh/kWp (+30%)



Analysis with RETScreen – Required inputs

Selected PV panels

Technical characteristics Nominal Power under Standard

conditions

Selected Inverters

Transformer

Land Owned : how much it cost? Renting: annual fee?

Operation Recurrent costs: monitoring and

security, tracker maintenance, land renting, insurances

Efficiency in operation

Efficiency in operation

Miscellaneous Cabling, civil works, grid connection

works, support structure / trackers

Investment

Investment

Investment

Investment

Investment

Annual expenditure




Selected PV panels

1.94 m2

280 Wp

Picture: SuntechEfficiency = 280 W / [1,94 m2 * 1000 W/m2] = 14.4%




Selected inverters

3.5 kW

95% eff

Picture: Fronius




Site characteristics

Location

Here

Here




Site characteristics

Building orientation related to North/South and roof slope

South

Picture :

εαβ



Analysis with RETScreen – Computing

Project information

Project nameProject location

Prepared forPrepared by

Project type

TechnologyGrid type

Analysis type

Heating value reference

Show settings

Language - LangueUser manual

CurrencySymbol

Units

Climate data location

Show data

Site reference conditions

Photovoltaic

Pedro Muñoz - Fix

Clean Energy Project Analysis Software

Power

Pedro Muñoz - Castilla la Mancha - Spain

Leonardo Energy WebinarsFernando Nuño

Central-grid

Method 1

Lower heating value (LHV)

English - Anglais

Tomelloso

See project database

Select climate data location

English - Anglais

Euro

Metric units

Two types of analysis :

first approach or developed in

depth

Project Information

Grid connected or

off-grid applications



Climate data location

Show data


Tomelloso

Select climate data location



Large choice of locations around the

world

Provides irradiation,

temperature and wind data per month




Type of PV system

Analysis type Method 1Method 2

PhotovoltaicResource assessmentSolar tracking mode FixedSlope ° 35,0Azimuth ° 32,0

Two types of analysis : 1) first approach or 2) developed in

depth

Fixed, 1 axis track, 2 axis

track



Analysis type Method 1Method 2

PhotovoltaicResource assessmentSolar tracking mode FixedSlope ° 35,0Azimuth ° 32,0

Computing slope and azimut

South

Picture :

εαβ

Slope = arctan [tan2(α) + tan2(β)]0,5

Azimut = ε + arctan [tan(α) / tan(β)]




MonthDaily solar radiation -

horizontalDaily solar

radiation - tiltedElectricity export

rateElectricity

exported to gridkWh/m²/d kWh/m²/d €/MWh MWh

January 2,21 3,34 455,1 3,549February 3,15 4,18 455,1 3,958

March 4,44 5,18 455,1 5,309April 5,31 5,48 455,1 5,388May 6,14 5,82 455,1 5,789

June 7,15 6,51 455,1 6,087July 7,29 6,76 455,1 6,409

August 6,33 6,33 455,1 6,030September 4,91 5,44 455,1 5,137

October 3,28 4,03 455,1 4,075November 2,31 3,32 455,1 3,345December 1,85 2,85 455,1 3,030Annual 4,54 4,94 455,10 58,106

Analysis with RETScreen – Results

Exported Electricity

Feed-in tariff applicable in Spain up to Sept 2008

Estimated Electricity Export

to grid



Actual - Expected Electricity Export

-35%

-30%

-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

Janu

ary

Feb

ruar

y

Mar

ch

Apr

il

May

June

July

Au

gust

Sep

tem

ber

Oct

obe

r

No

vem

ber

Dec

emb

er

Deviation %


Actual vs Estimated Export

Estimated export to grid

Actual export to grid

MWh MWh3,549 3,2163,958 3,7475,309 5,7645,388 6,0425,789 4,0146,087 6,0846,409 5,7496,030 6,3115,137 5,0604,075 4,3153,345 3,8303,030 2,684

58,106 56,816

-2%May was

particularly cloudy and rainy



PhotovoltaicType poly-SiPower capacity kW 36,00ManufacturerModel 140 unit(s)Efficiency % 14,4%Nominal operating cell temperature °C 45Temperature coefficient % / °C 0,40%Solar collector area m² 250

Suntechpoly-Si - STP280-24/Vb

Number of panels

Introduce the power to install and the panel efficiency

Obtain the number of panels and the

solar collector area




Cost breakdown4,5 €/W

6,1 €/W

Prices in Euros Units Price per unit Total price

PV Panels 140x280 W 140 1157 162000Inverters 10x3500 W 10 2700 27000Fix Structure 1 12000 12000Low Voltage Material 1 5200 5200

Civil Works 1 1500 1500

Manforce 1 3000 3000

Project / Design 1 6000 6000

Safety Program 1 700 700

Insurance works + 1st year 1 1000 1000

Grid Connexion 1 1000 1000

Environmental

Fence

Security equipment (anti-theft)

Transformer

TOTAL 219400



Cost breakdown

COST BREAKDOWN 2007 - SPAIN36 kW fixed - roof installed

PV Panels 140x280 W

Inverters 6x5500 W

Fix Structure

Low Voltage Material

Civil Works

Manforce

Project / Design

Safety Program

Insurance works + 1st year

Grid Connexion



0,0% Cumulative cash flows graph

Cu

mu

lati

ve c

ash

flo

ws

(€)

Year

-100.000

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Financial analysis


Output: Cumulative Cash Flow

Financial viabilityPre-tax IRR - equity % 27,2%Pre-tax IRR - assets % 9,9%Simple payback yr 7,9Equity payback yr 5,6

Financial viabilityPre-tax IRR - equity % 27,2%Pre-tax IRR - assets % 9,9%Simple payback yr 7,9Equity payback yr 5,6

Inputs

Outupts

Financial parametersInflation rate % 4,0%Project life yr 25Debt ratio % 80%Debt interest rate % 6,00%Debt term yr 10

Initial costsPower system € 0Other € 219.400Total initial costs € 219.400





20,0%7,4%

9,69,8



Emission Analysis

Base case electricity system (Baseline)

GHG emissionfactor

(excl. T&D)T&D

lossesGHG emission

factorCountry - region Fuel type tCO2/MWh % tCO2/MWhSpain Natural gas 0,325 10,0% 0,361

Electricity exported to grid MWh 58 T&D losses 5,0%

GHG emissionBase case tCO2 21,0Proposed case tCO2 1,0Gross annual GHG emission reduction tCO2 20,0GHG credits transaction fee %Net annual GHG emission reduction tCO2 20,0 is equivalent to 8.132

GHG reduction incomeGHG reduction credit rate €/tCO2 15,00GHG reduction credit duration yr 20GHG reduction credit escalation rate % 5,0%

CO2 emission analysis


Reference power

generation technology

Obtain Net annual

emission reduction



Analysis with RETScreen – Two axis track

Two axis track

33.6 kW



Thank you!

http://www.infrysol.com/http://www.retscreen.net/

SOFTWARE CASE STUDIES by:



Anex – Slope and Azimut calculations

South

Picture :

εαβ

Find γ such that δγ/δε = 0 (maximum

slope)

α

β

ε

η=90º-ε










Find γ such that δγ/δε = 0 (maximum

slope)






Annex – Available surface on roof

Where α is the lowest sun height (21

december in North

hemisphere)

Where β is the slope


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