Photovore Robot

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2008-09



� INTRODUCTION� COMPANY PROFILE� MISSION & VISION� PRODUCTS

� CERTIFICATION� PHOTOVORE ROBOT� CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND

LAYOUT� APPLICATION

� CONCLUSION� QUERIES





� Genus Power Infrastructure Ltd. Is a Kailash groupcompany .

� Genus has ISO 9001:2000 certificate for design andproduction .

� Currently, Genus has over 100,000 sq. ft. of built up areas

in Jaipur(Rajasthan) and Haridwar (Uttaranchal) where itcarries out its manufacturing processes.

� Genus is one of the biggest manufacturing units of Energymeters and Power electronics in the country.

Genus has now become a truly global player in the Power Electronics field by setting up manufacturing facilities in

Brazil and marketing offices in Singapore and U.S.A., UK ,

Canada , Nepal .



� CHAIRMAN ± Mr. I. C. Agarwal� Executive Director - Mr. Raj Agarwal

� Director ( Marketing) - Mr. J. K. Agarwal

� Annu al turnover : annual turnover scaling new heightsto over USD300million.

� Product manuf acturing : Electronic Energy Meters,Inverters, Batteries, UPS.

� C ustomers : Reliance Energy , BSNL - Bangalore /Tiruvanthpuram ,Tata Power, Ahmadabad Electricity Co.,Surat Electricity Co.

COMPANY PROFILE



MISSION & VALUESMISSION� Delight customers with high quality, innovative

products and services in electrical and electronic

fields.VALUES� Exceed customer satisfaction in terms of quality, price,

on-time delivery.� Develop long term relationships with the

vendors/business partners to support our goals.





EL

ECTRICAL

MET

ER

� An electric meter or energy meter is a devicethat measures the amount of electrical energy

supplied to or produced by a residence ,business or machine.

� The most common type of electricity meter :-Electromechanical induction.

Solid state meters.Prepayment meters





BATTERY� Genus will be launching a full range of

batteries to expand its product rangeand support its Inverters with best

backup power available.� Features:-Outstanding power and lifeQuick Initial Charge and rechargeEasy and low maintenaceCompaq Construction



INVERTER� An inverter is an electrical device that converts

direct current(DC) to alternating current(AC).� The inverter performs the opposite function of a

rectifier.� Genus successfully introduced most advanced

Sure Sine Wave Inverter technology in India.� Inverter produced by genus are:-1. Standard Inverters

2. Compact Inverters



APPLICATION

� Uninterruptible power supplies.� Induction heating.� HVDC power transmission.� Variable-frequency drives



UPS

� An Uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as

a battery back-up, providesemergency power.

� The UPS consists of three maincomponents:

Rectifier BatteryInverter



APPLICATION

� UPS is typically used to protect computers,data centers ,telecommunicationequipment or other electrical

equipment where an unexpectedpower disruption could causeinjuries, fatalities, seriousbusiness disruption or data loss

� ICU facility in Hospitals.



CERTIFICATION

� ISO 9001:2000 certification for manufacturing� ISO 9001:2000 certification for implementation of Power Projects and SCADA

Automation� ISO 9001:2000 certification for commissioning and installation of Power

Distribution networks

� R & D Lab recognized by the Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India

� CDOT approval for Line Card Hybrid & Resistor Networks� CDOT approval for contract manufacturing� IECQ for quality of components� ISI mark for Energy Meters� CE approval for Energy Meters (Single Phase and Three Phase)

� EMI / EMC certifications� ETDC certification for Inverters



PHOTOVORE

The Photovore ,a light-eating robot .The photovore is a robot that chases light,and is perhaps the simplest of all sensor algorithms .It remains active for manyyearswithout needing their owner's helping hand .A small robot, eating nothing but light.It is easy enough if a rechargable battery stores the energy in chemical form.

one of the photovore is shown below-



Inside look of Photovore



� C omponents :- 1 x BC549C2 x BC559C2 x 1N41481 x Green LED 3mm2 x 74HC00

2 x BPW41(photodiodes)1 x 4700uF 16V radial1 x 100uF 16V radial2 x 47uF 16V radial1 x 100N ceramic1 x 5M variable resistor,small, horizontal1 x 250K variable resistor,small, horizontal1 x 10M1 x 2M2

1 x 1M2 x 470K3 x 100K1 x 150E

2,5 m tinned copper wire 0.4qmm(0.7 mm thick,21 AWG)1 m thin isolated copper wire, several colors5 cm heat-shrinkable tubing1 x Set of 2 ultralightwheels,Robbe nr.

903300572 x Clock "Takehope" nr.199010 1 x Solar Panel PanasonicBP-3782341 x Print Pitronics Photovore



C ircuit Diagram of Photovore



H ow it T urns ON ?

A large capacitor can be used for storage.The circuit shown waits until the solar panel

raises the voltage over the capacitor (4700uF) above some 2.7 V beforeswitching on the oscillator. If the voltagedrops below about 2.2 V, the transistors turnoff and the capacitor is recharged. Therun/charge ratio depends on the amount of

light. It is close to sunset when the run timedrops to zero.

The circuit turns the robot on when the solar panel has charged the capacitor (4700uF)to about 2.7 volts, and off if the voltage drops below some 2.2 volts. The diodes and thefirst BC559 also limit the voltage supplied to the robot to about 4 V. The LED lits upwhen the limiter is active. If the voltage (in direct sunlight) still rises nothing will bedamaged, but the clock stops. The robot doesn't feel hungry anymore... Now let's lookat the `brain' of the Photovore. The prototype seaches vigorously for better sunlight,while neatly sidestepping most obstacles. Apart from two clocks with wheels attached,ithas two photodiodes (its eyes) and two feelers. The clocks turn clockwise. The robotcan only switch them on and off. Yet it moves towards the light and it recoils fromobstacles.



P C board assembly



H ow it searc h t he lig ht and avoid obstacles in between its pat h . . . ?

The Photovore doesn't move in the direction you might expect, but at right angles

to it, in half circles around the stationary wheel. The feeler behind the rollingwheel cannot hit any (new) obstacles , because the feelers also describe arcswiththe opposite wheels as their centers.

A series of ten illustrations (based on the behaviour of the prototype) shown

below













In this manner the photovore

reaches to that part of theroom where maximumintensity of light is comingafter avoiding all obstacles inits path .Feelers plays very importantrole in avoiding obstaclescoming in between its path,where eyes play important

role in controlling motor motion and also searchingbrightest light intensityavailable in surrounding for charging its rechargeable

batteries .



Performance:-

� 17 rpm for the seconds hand means that the hour hand goes round in 3.5minutes.

� The Photovore below is equipped with two clocks and has no trouble witha 20 degree incline - running continuously, under a heavy overcast, withthe sun as its only source of power. The robot weighs 104 grams.

� During the daytime, even in the shade. But when it has to work itself fromthe middle of the room to the window , the solar panel will sometimes noteven supply that one milli-amp .

� A large capacitor can be used for storage. The circuit shown waits untilthe solar panel raises the voltage over the capacitor (4700uF) abovesome 2.7 V before switching on the oscillator.

� If the voltage drops below about 2.2 V, the transistors turn off and thecapacitor is recharged. The run/charge ratio depends on the amount of

light. It is close to sunset when the run time drops to zero.



APPLI CAT I ON

� P-N photodiodes are used in similar applications to other photodetecors.

� Photovore robot are used as a smoke

detectors.� They are also widely used in various medical

applications, such as detectors for computedtomography.

� They are also used in pulse oximeters.



C ON C LUS I ON

F inally , in my 30 days of training at

GENUS , i have successfully done my training and learn about photovore w hic h is one of t herobots of next generation wit h hig h intelligency in t hem .



TH ANKS FOR Y OUR V ALU ABLE

T IM E

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Photovore Robot

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