PHP and SQL/J Pertemuan 12

PHP and SQL/J Pertemuan 12

Matakuliah : T0413Tahun : 2009

Bina Nusantara University 3

What is PHP?

PHP is an open source, platform independent scripting language that is designed for web application

developmentOriginally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995

Set of Perl scripts for tracking accesses to his online resume

Original name was 'Personal Home Page Tools‘PHP 3.0 was a completed rewrite in 1997

Number of PHP developers has been growing ever sinceIt is one of the most widely deployed web languages in the

world today .PHP means (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor)

PHP is the most popular Web language in the world today:70% of the UNIX-based, Apache Web platform market… 40% + of the overall market


Why PHP is popular ?

Rapid, iterative development cycles with a

low learning curve

Easily integrated into

heterogeneous environments/syst

ems

Robust, high-performance & scalable; stable &

secure

Proven through widespread

deployment; vibrant community

http://creative.gettyimages.com/source/search/ImageEnlarge.aspx?MasterID=ab08811&s=ImageDetailSearchState%7C3%7C5%7C0%7C15%7C2%7C1%7C0%7C0%7C1%7C11%7C60%7C2ed3.d7c5.03ff.e000.002f.0ef0%7C1%7C0%7C%22systems%22+and+%22computer%22%7C%7C1%7C0&pk=6

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http://www.infoworld.com/

http://www.oracle.com/index.html


PHP - Key driver of LAMP Stack• LAMP – Technical

– Linux, Apache HTTP Server, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python– Open Source web technology stack

• Often available on ISPs for reasonable monthly fees– Pure open source software components

LAMP – Business (Appealing on many levels)1. Rapid iterative development2. Low cost of software acquisition3. Scalable and robust scalable LAMP solutions requires

significant investment• PHP Concerns (CTOs)

– Lack of Professional level PHP developer skills • Good software design skills are still important for large

projects– Considerable investment in .NET or J2EE already– Many enterprises are not comfortable with MySQL


PHP extensions/drivers• ibm_db2

– Written, maintained and supported by IBM– Can only be used to access DB2 databases– Provides a procedural API with extensive access to the db

metadata– Can be compiled with PHP 4 or PHP 5.

• pdo_ibm– pdo_ibm is a driver for the PHP Data Objects (PDO)

extension – Provides an Object Oriented database abstraction layer– Support starts with PHP 5.1 – PDO can work with many database vendors

• ibm_db2 and pdo_ibm are based on the IBM DB2 CLI Layer• PHP drivers are offered under open-source licenses

– http://www.php.net


Setting up the PHP environment manually (Windows)1. Download the precompiled binary version of PHP code

and PECL from www.php.net– Unzip the PHP zip file into <install directory>– Unzip the PECL zip file into <install directory> \ext

subdirectory

2. Copy or rename php.ini-recommended file to php.ini

3. Add the following lines to php.ini: – To enable the ibm_db2 extension:

extension=php_ibm_db2.dll– To enable the PDO extension and pdo_ibm driver:

extension=php_pdo.dll

extension=php_pdo_ibm.dll


Setting up the PHP environment manually (cont’d)

4. Add the following to the httpd.conf file (Apache HTTP Server 2.x) to enable PHP support:

LoadModule php5_module ‘<install directory>/php5apache2.dll'

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

PHPIniDir ‘<install directory>'

5. Restart the Apache HTTP Server for the changes to take effect.


Connecting to a database – ibm_db2 extension• db2_connect()

– For non-persistent connection – Close with db2_close() or when a PHP script ends

• db2_pconnect()– Persistent connection to a DB2 database– PHP keeps the connection open for subsequent PHP

scripts ignoring calls to db2_close() – May be better for performance

• Both return FALSE if unsuccessful connection– Use db2_conn_error() and db2_conn_errormsg() to

retrieve diagnostic information

• Both return not FALSE if the connection attempt succeeded


Connecting to a database - Example

<?php $database = 'SAMPLE'; $user = 'rfchong'; $password = 'passwd';$conn = db2_connect($database, $user, $password);

if ($conn) { echo “Successful connection!"; db2_close($conn); } else { echo "Connection failed."; } ?>

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Retrieving database metadata – ibm_db2 extensionFunction Description

db2_client_info() Returns metadata about the DB2 client software and configuration.

db2_column_privileges()

Lists the columns and associated privileges for a table.

db2_columns() Lists the columns and associated metadata for a table.

db2_foreign_keys() Lists the foreign keys for a table.

db2_primary_keys() Lists the primary keys for a table.

db2_procedure_columns()

Lists the parameters for one or more stored procedures.

db2_procedures() Lists the stored procedures registered in the database.

db2_server_info() Returns metadata about the database management system software and configuration.

db2_special_columns()

Lists the unique row identifiers for a table.

db2_statistics() Lists the indexes and statistics for a table.

db2_table_privileges()

Lists tables and their associated privileges in the database.


Database Metadata example <?php$conn = db2_connect('sample', 'db2inst1', 'ibmdb2');$server = db2_server_info( $conn );

if ($server) { echo "DBMS_NAME: "; var_dump( $server->DBMS_NAME ); echo "DBMS_VER: "; var_dump( $server->DBMS_VER ); echo "DB_CODEPAGE: "; var_dump( $server->DB_CODEPAGE ); echo "DB_NAME: "; var_dump( $server->DB_NAME ); echo "INST_NAME: "; var_dump( $server->INST_NAME ); echo "SPECIAL_CHARS: "; var_dump( $server->SPECIAL_CHARS ); db2_close($conn);}?>

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Executing statements – ibm_db2 extension• db2_exec()

– For single statements, with no input parameters

– If it returns FALSE, the statement failed:• Use db2_stmt_error() and db2_stmt_errormsg() for info

about error

– If it did NOT return FALSE, the statement was successful:• If the SQL statement selected rows using a scrollable

cursor, or inserted, updated, or deleted rows, call db2_num_rows() to return the number of rows affected.

• If the SQL statement returned a result set, you can fetch rows.


db2_exec example <?php$create = 'CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER, name CHAR(30))'; $result = db2_exec($conn, $create); if ($result) { print "Successful table creation\n"; } ?>

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<?php $xquery = '$doc/customerinfo/phone'; $stmt = db2_exec($conn, "select xmlquery('$xquery' PASSING INFO AS \"doc\") from customer");?> …?>

Example with an XQuery statement:


Preparing & executing statements – ibm_db2 extension

• Use db2_prepare() and db2_execute

– Use with parameter markers as input– Better performance than db2_exec()– May need to bind parameters with

db2_bind_param()– Can use db2_fetch_assoc to fetch rows from a

result set.


db2_execute example $sql = "SELECT lastname FROM emp WHERE bonus > ? AND bonus < ?"; $stmt = db2_prepare($conn, $sql); if (!$stmt) { // Handle errors }

// Explicitly bind parameters db2_bind_param($stmt, 1, $_POST['lower']); db2_bind_param($stmt, 2, $_POST[‘upper']);

db2_execute($stmt, array($_POST['lower‘],$_POST[‘upper’]); while ($row = db2_fetch_assoc($stmt)) { print "{$row['LASTNAME']}\n";}

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What is SQLJ?• SQLJ allows for embedding SQL statements into Java

programs.

• All SQL statements are run statically

• SQLJ programming uses “contexts”.– A “Connection context” is equivalent to the

Connection object in JDBC – A default connection context is used when no

connection context is specified– An “Execution context” is required to get the

information regarding the SQL statement before and after executing the statement.


SQLJ syntax• Different syntax to use:

– #sql [connection-context] { sql statement }– #sql [connection-context, execution context] { sql statement }– #sql { sql statement }– #sql [execution context] { sql statement }

• With this syntax, a precompiler can identify the statements to translate: Start with “#sql” and use curly brackets as delimiters.

• Host variables can be used and identified by a colon. Eg:

#sql { SELECT EMPNO FROM EMP WHERE WORKDEPT = :dept};


Connection context example:#sql context ctx; // This should be outside the class

Class.forName("com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Driver").newInstance();

ctx ctx1 = new ctx(“jdbc:db2:sample”,false);

#sql [ctx1] { DELETE FROM dept };

Connection context from Connection object example: #sql context ctx; // This should be outside the class


Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection();

ctx ctx1 = new ctx(con);

#sql [ctx1] { DELETE FROM dept };

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Connection context


Default contextConnection with default context example:Class.forName("com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Driver").newInstance();

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection();

DefaultContext ctx1 = new DefaultContext(con);

DefaultContext.setDefaultContext(ctx1);

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Execution context• Within a connection context object, execute any SQL

statement.

• Use the ExecutionContext class to monitor and control the SQL statements while executing. Equivalent to the JDBC “statement” interface.

• Create an ExecutionContext objext with the getExecutionContext method of the connection context.

• Some ExecutionContext methods work before an SQL statement is executed while others apply only after execution.


Execution context

#sql context ctx; // this should be outside the class

String url = "jdbc:db2:sample";


Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);

ctx ctx1=new ctx(con);

ExecutionContext exectx1 = ctx1.getExecutionContext();

#sql[ctx1,exectx1] = { DELETE FROM purchaseorder WHERE

status='UnShipped'}

int i = exectx1.getUpdateCount();

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Iterators

• Iterators are equivalent to a JDBC result set

• Two types of iterators:– Named iterators

• Identify a row by the name of the column in the result set. • While defining the named iterator, specify the name of the

columns and their data types

– Position iterators• Identify a row by its position in the result set. • While defining the position iterator, specify only the data

types of the columns.


Named iterator example#sql iterator namediterator (int poid, String status)

namediterator iterator1;

#sql [ctx1] iterator1 = { select poid,status from purchaseorder };

while(iterator1.next()) {

System.out.println("poid: " + iterator1.poid() + "Status: "+

iterator1.status());

}

iterator1.close();

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Positioned iterator example#sql iterator positionedIterator (int, String);

String status = null;

int poid = 0;

positionedIterator iterator1;

#sql [ctx1] iterator1={ select poid, status from purchaseorder };

#sql { fetch :iterator1 into :poid, :status };

while(!iterator1.endFetch()) {

System.out.println("poid: " + poid + "Status: "+ status);

#sql { fetch :iterator1 into :poid, :status };

}

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Updatable and scrollable iterators

• Iterators in SQLj are read-only and can only move forward by default.

• To define a scrollable iterator, you need to implement sqlj.runtime.Scrollable while defining the iterator.

• To define an updatable cursor, you need to implement sqlj.runtime.ForUpdate while defining the iterator. – When defining an updatable iterator, you also need to

specify the columns you would like to update.


Updatable and scrollable iterators#sql public iterator namediterator implements sqlj.runtime.ForUpdate

with (updateColumns="STATUS") (int poid, String status);

namediterator iterator1;

#sql [ctx1] iterator1={ select poid,status from purchaseorder };

while(iterator1.next()) {

System.out.println("before update poid: " + iterator1.poid() +

"Status: "+ iterator1.status());

if(iterator1.status().toUpperCase().compareTo("UNSHIPPED")==0)

#sql [ctx1] {update purchaseorder set status=

'shipped' where current of :iterator1 };

}

#sql [ctx1] {commit};

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Preparing an SQLJ program

myapp.sqljSQLJ

Translatorsqlj

JavaCompiler

javac

Package

myapp.java myapp.class

myapp_SJProfile0.ser

myapp_SJProfile1.ser

DB2Customizer

db2sqljcustomize

java myapp


Translation using “sqlj”• “sqlj” is the SQLJ translator. The syntax is:

sqlj <options> filename For example: sqlj myprg3.sqlj

• “sqlj” in the above example will create several files:– myprg3.java:

• The generated source program – myprg3.class:

• The class file after sqlj invokes javac– myprg3_SJProfile0.ser:

• A serialized profile file for each connection context class that is used in an SQLJ executable clause

– myprg3_SJProfileKeys.class: • The class file after sqlj invokes javac


Customization using “db2sqljcustomize”

• “db2sqljcustomize” is the DB2 Customizer. The syntax is: db2sqljcustomize <options> filename

For example: db2sqljcustomize -url jdbc:db2://localhost:50000/sample -user rfchong -password mypasswd myprg3_SJProfile0.serIn this example we are using these options:

• -url jdbc:db2://localhost:50000/sample – Is the URL needed to connect to the database

• -user rfchong – user ID to connect to the database

• -password mypasswd – password to connect to the databasemyprg3_SJProfile0.ser is the file name to “customize” to create

the package in the db

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PHP and SQL/J Pertemuan 12

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