Phrases Phrases

PHRASEPHRASE

A group of related words used as a A group of related words used as a single part of speech that does not single part of speech that does not contain a contain a subjectsubject or its or its verbverb..

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASEPREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

Includes a Includes a prepositionpreposition, a noun or pronoun , a noun or pronoun called the called the object of the prepositionobject of the preposition and any and any modifiers (adj or adv)of that object. modifiers (adj or adv)of that object.

Among the heroes of World War was my grandfather.Among the heroes of World War was my grandfather.

The book is about love and understanding.The book is about love and understanding.

ADJECTIVE PHRASEADJECTIVE PHRASE A A prepositional phraseprepositional phrase that modifies a that modifies a nounnoun

or or pronounpronoun..

An adjective phrase tells An adjective phrase tells what kindwhat kind and and which onewhich one. .

Nick had a bag of candy. Nick had a bag of candy.

The actors in the magazine were very famous. The actors in the magazine were very famous.

ADJECTIVE PHRASEADJECTIVE PHRASE An adjective phrase always An adjective phrase always followsfollows the the

word it modifies, even if it is the word it modifies, even if it is the object of object of the prepositionthe preposition. .

Heather kept a photo album of her journey Heather kept a photo album of her journey through Europe. through Europe.

He sent poems to American magazines.He sent poems to American magazines.

ADJECTIVE PHRASEADJECTIVE PHRASE

More than one adjective phrase may modify More than one adjective phrase may modify the same word. the same word.

Heather’s journey on horseback from Heather’s journey on horseback from Boston to New York was long and difficult.Boston to New York was long and difficult.

ADVERB PHRASEADVERB PHRASE

A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective or an adverb.

An adverb phrase tellsAn adverb phrase tells howhow, , whenwhen, , wherewhere, , whywhy, , TWETWE..

ADVERB PHRASEADVERB PHRASE

More than one adverb phrase can modify More than one adverb phrase can modify the same the same wordword..

Unlike adjective phrases, an adverb phrase Unlike adjective phrases, an adverb phrase can can precedeprecede the word it modifies. the word it modifies.

During the Civil War, Louisa May Alcott worked in During the Civil War, Louisa May Alcott worked in a hospital as a nurse for six months.a hospital as a nurse for six months.

PREP PHRASE REVIEWPREP PHRASE REVIEW

1) The fee for lodging is very expensive.1) The fee for lodging is very expensive.

2) Her dog did not exist at the time.2) Her dog did not exist at the time.

3) The tree in the yard is very big.3) The tree in the yard is very big.

4) He sent poems to the magazine.4) He sent poems to the magazine.

THE PARTICIPLE THE PARTICIPLE A verb form that is used as an A verb form that is used as an adjectiveadjective

Present participles end in Present participles end in –ing–ing

Most past participles end in Most past participles end in -d-d or or -ed-ed. .

Others are irregularly formed. Others are irregularly formed.

THE PARTICIPLETHE PARTICIPLE1) Krista has taken singing lessons for years.1) Krista has taken singing lessons for years.

2) Screaming, the fans rushed the stage.2) Screaming, the fans rushed the stage.

3) The baked turkey tasted wonderful.3) The baked turkey tasted wonderful.

4) Confused and frightened, the kids ran. 4) Confused and frightened, the kids ran.

5) Define each given term in the chapter.5) Define each given term in the chapter.

PARTICIPIAL PHRASESPARTICIPIAL PHRASES Consists of a Consists of a participleparticiple and all the words and all the words

related to the participle. related to the participle.

1) Speaking eloquently, Amanda dazzled the audience.1) Speaking eloquently, Amanda dazzled the audience.

2) Nodding his head, Kyle gave the answer.2) Nodding his head, Kyle gave the answer.

3) Encouraged by his family, Pat submitted his movie 3) Encouraged by his family, Pat submitted his movie script. script.

4) The teacher, often called Mr. L, loves books.4) The teacher, often called Mr. L, loves books.

PARTICIPLE NOTESPARTICIPLE NOTES A A verb form acting as an adjectiveverb form acting as an adjective (always next to a noun or (always next to a noun or

pronoun)pronoun)

End in End in –ing–ing (present participles) and (present participles) and –d–d or or –ed–ed (past (past participles)participles)

Beware of irregularsBeware of irregulars (known, born, taught, dug, etc) (known, born, taught, dug, etc)

Usually off-set with Usually off-set with commas commas

Can usually remove from a sentenceCan usually remove from a sentence without altering its without altering its meaningmeaning

THE GERUNDTHE GERUND A verb form ending in A verb form ending in -ing-ing that is used as a that is used as a nounnoun..

Subject-Subject- Swimming is great exercise. Swimming is great exercise.

Direct Object-Direct Object- She loves dancing She loves dancing

Indirect Object-Indirect Object- He gave hunting all his attention. He gave hunting all his attention.

PN-PN- Devon’s hobby is dancing. Devon’s hobby is dancing.

O of P-O of P- In cooking, use butter sparingly. In cooking, use butter sparingly.

THE GERUND PHRASETHE GERUND PHRASE Consists of a Consists of a gerundgerund and all of the words and all of the words

related to the gerund. related to the gerund.

1) Exercising regularly is important to your health. 1) Exercising regularly is important to your health.

2) My brother likes working at the gym.2) My brother likes working at the gym.

3) An excellent way to build your vocabulary is 3) An excellent way to build your vocabulary is

reading good literaturereading good literature..

4) We find writing very pleasant.4) We find writing very pleasant.

GERUND PHRASESGERUND PHRASES

1) Writing a letter can be fun. 1) Writing a letter can be fun.

2) I enjoy watching my kids.2) I enjoy watching my kids.

3) Joe liked designing buildings.3) Joe liked designing buildings.

4) Sue got bored with studying her math.4) Sue got bored with studying her math.

5) Understanding the problem is crucial.5) Understanding the problem is crucial.

6) Dancing at the prom, Bo tore his trousers.6) Dancing at the prom, Bo tore his trousers.

7) Bobby Joe was signing the contract.7) Bobby Joe was signing the contract.

GERUND NOTESGERUND NOTES

A A verb formverb form acting as a acting as a nounnoun (S, DO, IO, (S, DO, IO, PN, OP)PN, OP)

Ends in Ends in –ing–ing

Not off-setNot off-set with commas with commas

Can Can notnot remove from a sentence without remove from a sentence without altering its meaning altering its meaning

THE INFINITIVETHE INFINITIVE A A verb formverb form that can be used as a that can be used as a

nounnoun,, adjective,adjective, or or adverbadverb. An infinitive . An infinitive usually begins with usually begins with - to- to. .

1) To fly was an ambition. (noun)1) To fly was an ambition. (noun)

2) His attempt 2) His attempt to flyto fly was a failure. (adjective) was a failure. (adjective)

3) He went into the woods 3) He went into the woods to huntto hunt. (adverb) . (adverb)

THE INFINITIVE PHRASETHE INFINITIVE PHRASE

Consists of an Consists of an infinitiveinfinitive and all of the words and all of the words related to the infinitive. related to the infinitive.

Infinitives may have Infinitives may have modifiersmodifiers and and complementscomplements. .

1. To finish early is our plan.1. To finish early is our plan.

2. Xavier wants to go home.2. Xavier wants to go home.

3. Andrew was unable to play.3. Andrew was unable to play.

THE APPOSITIVETHE APPOSITIVE A A nounnoun or or pronounpronoun placed beside another placed beside another

noun or pronoun to noun or pronoun to identifyidentify or or describedescribe it. it.

An appositive usually An appositive usually followsfollows the word it the word it identifies or explains.identifies or explains.

1. Annie, the artist, is in 111. Annie, the artist, is in 11 thth grade. grade.

2. The star student, Xavier, takes English.2. The star student, Xavier, takes English.

3. Andrew, the athlete, was unable to play.3. Andrew, the athlete, was unable to play.

THE APPOSITIVE PHRASETHE APPOSITIVE PHRASE Consists of an Consists of an appositiveappositive and its modifiers. and its modifiers.

We visited Boston Harbor, the site of the Boston We visited Boston Harbor, the site of the Boston Tea Party.Tea Party.

I plan to have a party on January 1, 2005, the I plan to have a party on January 1, 2005, the first day of the new year.first day of the new year.

Colorado is home to Vail Mountain, the best Colorado is home to Vail Mountain, the best place in the world to ski place in the world to ski

ADJ or ADV PHRASE?ADJ or ADV PHRASE? The pictures in this book are beautiful.The pictures in this book are beautiful.

Jon’s mouth opened in a huge yawn.Jon’s mouth opened in a huge yawn.

The presents were wrapped with care.The presents were wrapped with care.

No one in the room understood the question.No one in the room understood the question.

He sent a book to the library.He sent a book to the library.

X wrote a book about football.X wrote a book about football.

In high school, Dan was the man.In high school, Dan was the man.

FIND / NAME THAT PHRASE?FIND / NAME THAT PHRASE?

Taylor, the local technician, fixed the car.Taylor, the local technician, fixed the car.

Nick, tired from writing his essay, fell asleep.Nick, tired from writing his essay, fell asleep.

Jumping in the air is goofy, clean fun.Jumping in the air is goofy, clean fun.

Jumping in the air, Nick ate a candy bar.Jumping in the air, Nick ate a candy bar.

Jan went to the show.Jan went to the show.

Erica wanted to show Dan her golf card.Erica wanted to show Dan her golf card.

Katie, the karate master, gave Dan a round-house Katie, the karate master, gave Dan a round-house kick.kick.

FIND / NAME THAT PHRASE?FIND / NAME THAT PHRASE?

Curt gets bored with pinning opponents.Curt gets bored with pinning opponents.

Born in 1991, Matt is now 16 years old.Born in 1991, Matt is now 16 years old.

Bo’s car, the clunker with no windows, is fast.Bo’s car, the clunker with no windows, is fast.

The students collecting money are nice kids.The students collecting money are nice kids.

School, a place for learning, is not always fun. School, a place for learning, is not always fun.

Annie wanted to play a song on her piano.Annie wanted to play a song on her piano.

Marcellus went jogging in the park.Marcellus went jogging in the park.