ORAL PRESENTATION Nick Cheatham and Harith Halim

OUTLINE

Name: Dwayne Roberts Height: 182 cm Weight: 95.5kg Age: 22 Sport: Greco Roman Wrestling Sport History: Won Bronze at London Olympics in the 96

kg weight category.

ASSESSMENTS

1. Anthropometry

http://www.mech.utah.edu/ergo/pages/Educational/safety_modules/ctd-anthropometry/ (accessed) 25/10/13

ASSESSMENTS

2. Crank arm Wingate test

http://www.olympic.org/greece (accessed) 23/10/13

http://general.utpb.edu/FAC/eldridge_j/Kine6360/Lab%20Unit%20html%20file/Content%20Display%20%20Laboratory%20Unit.htm (accessed) 23/10/13

ASSESSMENTS

3. Dummy throw test

http://wrestlingforhealth.blogspot.com.au/2013/04/how-to-hit-five-point-

throw.html (accessed) 22/10/13

http://catchwrestlinguk.blogspot.com.au/2012/08/using-wrestling-dummy-in-training.html (accessed) 22/10/13

ASSESSMENTS

4. Parallel squat test

http://www.wrestlingarenamedia.com/galleries/2012-olympic-greco-roman-wrestling/london-2012-olympic-greco-roman-wrestling-55kg/london-2012-greco-roman-wrestling-55kg-choi-kor-vs-balart-cub/ (accessed) 21/10/13

http://www.precisionnutrition.com/big-squat-fast-sprint (accessed) 21/10/13

NORMATIVE DATA

1. Anthropometry

Interpretation: Body composition is marginally above average

Dwayne Normative Data

Height 182 179.0 + / - 4.9

Arm Span (cm) 185 181.5 + / - 6.3

Body Mass (kg) 95.5 96 + / - .23

BMI (kg.m2) 27.9 27.6 + / - 1.6

Body Fat (%) 13.37 13.2 + / - 2.5

FFM (kg) 82.13 76.1 + / - 2.4

NORMATIVE DATA

2. Crank arm Wingate test

Interpretation: Crank arm Wingate is slightly above the average

Dwayne Normative Data

Mean Power (W)

601 587 + / - 102

Peak Power (W) 912 890 + / - 131

Fatigue Index 1.90 1.92 + / - 2.42

Wingate (La-) peak

12.1 11.8 + / - 1.6

NORMATIVE DATA

3. Dummy throw test

Interpretation: Dummy throw test is slightly below the average

1st 30 sec

2nd 30 sec

3rd 30 sec

Max Min Ave Throw test index

Norm Data

16.0 13.0 10.0 16 13 13.00 100.0

Dwayne

14.0 11.0 8.0 15 11 11.00 85.13

NORMATIVE DATA

4. Parallel squat test

Interpretation: parallel squat test is below the average.

Dwayne Normative Data

Repetitions 29 35 + / - 4.3

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Dwayne needs to focus on his lower body strength

Improve his repeated bouts of upper body power

Development of fast twitch fibres in core and along posterior chain

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSParallel squat test

Example training program

Conclusions Recommendations

Dwayne needs to work to improve lower body strength

Lower body strength exercises at 70-80% of 1RM with minimal rest

Plyometrics and explosive lower body exercises

Exercise Reps Sets Load

Back squats 3 5 85% 1RM

Box jumps 8 3 80cm box

Lateral box push offs

10 3 40cm box

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSDummy throw test

Example training program

Conclusions Recommendations

Dwayne needs to focus on improving his repeated bouts of upper body explosive power

Focus on exercises which repeatedly utilize his fast twitch muscle fibres in the abdomen and along the posterior chain

Exercise Reps Sets Load

Medicine ball side passes

20 3 8kg medicine ball

Clean and press

10 4 100% of body weight

Weighted back extensions

10 4 20kg plate

ERGOGENIC AID REVIEW

Zinc Magnesium Aspartate (ZMA) Zinc magnesium aspartate (ZMA) is a supplement used vastly in the bodybuilding and fitness world for potential recovery benefits (Taylor, L, 2004).

Potential to increase anabolic hormones, lean body mass and overall training adaptations.

ERGOGENIC AID REVIEW POSITIVES Colin D. Wilborn, Chad M. Kerksick and Bill I. Campbell (2004) found that

ZMA supplementation increased serum zinc levels by 12-17% and caused a slight increase in magnesium levels over a period of 8 weeks in test subjects when coupled with resistance training.

No significant clinical side effects were found that can be directly attributable to ZMA supplementation.

NEGATIVES Multiple studies including K Koehler, M K Parr, H Geyer, J Mester and

W Schänzer (2007) found there was no substantial change in the serum total and serum free testosterone over 7 weeks ZMA supplementation.

Nader Moëzzi, Maghsoud Peeri and Hasan Matin Homaei (2013) showed that ZMA supplementation coupled with resistance training lead to an 11.42% and 21.36% increase respectively in free and total testosterone than initial levels, while the levels of these hormones in the placebo group has shown 6.48% and 21.15% increases, respectively (Moëzzi, N, 2013).

ERGOGENIC AID REVIEW

PERSONAL OPINION

Can potentially slightly increase levels of zinc and magnesium in the body.

Based on peer reviewed literature it has little to no effect on muscle mass, strength adaptations, testosterone and other anabolic hormones in the body when coupled with resistance training.

Therefore the efficacy of ZMA is not applicable in this instance and thus the consumption not necessary.

REFERENCES

1. Wilborn. C, Kerksick. C, Campbell. L, Taylor. B, Marcello. B, Rasmussen. C, Greenwood. M, Almada. A, & Kreider. R.. (2004). Effects of Zinc Magnesium Aspartate (ZMA) Supplementation on Training Adaptations and Markers of Anabolism and Catabolism. ZMA Supplementation. 3 (2), 13-20.

2. Koehler. K, Parr. M, Geyer. H, Mester. J and Schänzer W. (2009). Serum testosterone and urinary excretion of steroid hormone metabolites after administration of a high-dose zinc supplement. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 10 (2), 65-70.

3. Vatani. S, and Bordbar D.. (2009). Effect of ZMA supplement alone and in combination with carbohydrates, with six weeks of resistance training on anabolic hormone levels and cellular damage index in untrained males. Effect of ZMA supplement. 12 (3), 36-39.

4. Moëzzi. N, Peeri. M and Homaei. H. (2013). Effects of zinc, magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on hormones and performance in weightlifters. nnals of Biological Research. 4 (3), 163-168.

5. Bean, A (2004). Complete guide to strength training. 4th ed. London: A&C Black. p39-41.

6. Trudeau, F. (2008). Aspartate as an ergogenic supplement. Sports medicine. 38 (2), p9-16.

7. Curby, D. (2013). Do you test your wrestlers?. Available: http://curbywrestling.com/pdf/DoYouTestYourWrestlers.pdf. Last accessed 23rd Oct 2013.