Physalaemus petersiGeographic variation in Male Calls and Female Preferences

Biogeographic Hypotheses for Diversification in Amazonia

Methods

• 48 Physalaemus petersi from 18 sites

• 2,400 bp of 12S and 16S mtDNA

• Outgroups: - P. pustulosus (2) - P. pustulatus (1) - P. coloradorum (1)

Predictions of Biogeographic Hypotheses

Results

Partial Mantel tests indicate that hypothesized refugia still significant after removing effects of geographic distance

Results

* = P < 0.05** = P < 0.01

Test statistic

CladeTajima’s D Mismatch

dist (SSD)Fu’s Fs FLUCTUATE

(g)Northern(e EC, ne PE)

-0.255 0.012 -9.834** 5.360

Southern(w BR, se PE,ne BO)

-1.074 0.036 -4.059* -33.183

Tests of Population Expansion

North-South Break in Western AmazoniaPhysalaemus petersi; current study

Phaeothlypis wood-warblers; Lovette 2004

Dendrobates spp; Symula et al. (2003)

Anolis nitens; Glor et al. 2001

Carollia castanea; Hoffman & Baker 2003

Photo by Arthur Grosset

Photo from Batkey (http://katydid.uni-graz.at/batkey/about.asp)

ResultsLarge Divergence in Male Calls and Female Preferences between Populations that have Diverged Recently

Future directions

Phylogeography1. Additional sites and individuals (central and eastern Brazil)

2. Additional analyses: Parametric bootstrapping

3. Additional loci: Microsatellites

Call variation1. Finish analysis of calls (12 sites)

2. Examine relationship between call divergence and genetic divergence among populations (9 sites with calls & tissues)

Acknowledgements

Collaborators- Ariadne Angulo- Kathryn Boul- Janalee Caldwell- David Cannatella- Luis Coloma- Ignacio De la Riva- José Padial- Santiago Ron- Michael Ryan

Field work- Samael Padilla- Claudia Torres Gastello

Lab work- Brian Caudle - Colin Peden

Analysis advice- Ximena Bernal- Meredith Mahoney- Derrick Zwickl

Funding- NSF IRCEB program