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Physical Activity Across the Lifespan Janet Purath, PhD, APRN, BC Michele Shaw, PhD, RN
| Date post: | 31-Mar-2015 |
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Physical Activity Across the Lifespan
Janet Purath, PhD, APRN, BCMichele Shaw, PhD, RN
Objectives
o Describe physical activity levels across the lifespan and across the globe
o Discuss types of physical activity
o Discuss health benefits of physical activity
Importance of Changing Health Behaviors
o Shift from infectious disease to chronic and/or degenerative illnesses emphasizes the need for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
o Healthy behaviors lead to:
– Increased longevity
– Reduced disability rates
– Better mental health and cognitive function
– Lower healthcare costs
Definition and Significance
o Physical activity:
– Defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.
– Lack of physical activity is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, and overall is estimated to cause 1.9 million deaths globally.
o Source: WHO: Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
Physical Inactivity:A Global Public Health Problem
Why are people inactive?
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Physical Activity Recommendations
o Everyone should participate in a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity every day.
o Young people are encouraged to aim for 60 minutes of physical activity per day.
Modes of Physical Activity
o Lifestyle
– Work
– Leisure
– Household
o Transportation
o Exercise
Types of Physical Activity
o Aerobic
o Muscle strengthening
o Bone Strengthening
o Balance
o Flexibility
Risk Populations
o Global trends in physical inactivity are of particular concern in certain high risk populations – Older adults, women and young people.
http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/index.html
Older Adults
o World-wide population is aging.
o By 2030, 55 countries are expected to see their 65 and older populations
at least 20 percent of their total.
o By 2040, the global population is projected to number 1.3 billion older people—accounting for 14 percent of the total.
Evidence of Benefits for Older Adults
o Improved:– Function and quality of life– Balance and strength– Coordination and motor control– Flexibility– Endurance– Mental health and cognition
o Decreases risk of fallso More interaction with people of all
ages
Sarcopenia
o Definition
o Consequences
– decreased in resting energy expenditure
– decreased insulin sensitivity
– diminished muscle strength
– increased risk of disability and falls
– increased risk for mortality
Recommendationso Older adults should engage:
– in moderate intensity activity at least 150 minutes or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week
– in strength activities 2 or more days per week.
– in balance activity if they have risk for falls
o Source: 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
Physical Activity and Women
o Why is this important?
o Benefits
– Decrease in specific diseases
– Improved mental health and self esteem
Barriers
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Physical Activity and Young People
o Why is this important?– Active children are more likely to grow
up to be active adults.– Increased activity = positive health
outcomes• Controlling weight• Decreasing blood pressure• Lessons risk of diabetes & some cancers• Reduces asthma symptoms and severity• Psycho-social benefits
Physical Activity and Young People
– All children ages 2 and older should participate in at least 30 minutes of age appropriate physical activities every day.
– 5-18 year olds should aim for a minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day.
Definitions for Young People
o Aerobic
o Muscle Strengthening
o Bone Strengthening
What activities count?
o Moderate Intensity Aerobic Activities:– Children:
• Bicycle riding• Walking• Active recreation
– Adolescents:• Yard work or house work• Playing games involving catching/throwing• Brisk walking• Active recreation
o Vigorous-Intensity Aerobic Activities:– Active games including running &
chasing– Bicycling– Running– Vigorous Dancing– Sports (swimming, basketball, soccer)
What activities count?
o Bone-Strengthening Activities:– Jumping, hopping, skipping– Running– Jumping rope– Sports: gymnastics,
basketball, volleyball, futbol
What activities count?
Encouraging Physical Activity Among Young People
o Adults as positive role models
o Provide equipment
o Encourage play with friends
o Make activity part of family life
o Require safety (bike helmets, wrist/knee pads, traffic issues, environmental considerations)
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Summary
Increasing Physical Activity across the lifespan and across the globe can significantly improve world health.
