Date post: | 17-Jan-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | physicalinternet |
View: | 241 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Québec, 2012-11-07, 1/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Physical Internet Manifesto
Transforming the way physical objects are moved, stored, realized, supplied and used,
aiming towards greater efficiency and sustainability
Professor Benoit Montreuil
Canada Research Chair in Enterprise Engineering CIRRELT Interuniversity Research Center
on Enterprise Networks, Logis<cs and Transporta<on Laval University, Québec, Canada
Version 1.11: 2012-‐11-‐07
Québec, 2012-11-07, 2/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Acknowledgements The Physical Internet Manifesto has greatly benefited from
the contribuQons of esteemed colleagues and doctoral students America ü CIRRELT Research Center:
• Teodor Crainic -‐ UQAM • Michel Gendreau -‐ Université de Montréal • Driss Hakimi, Mustapha Lounès, Jacques Renaud, Jacques Renaud -‐ Université Laval
ü CICMHE, College-‐Industry Council for Material Handling EducaQon: • Russ Meller – CELDi, University of Arkansas • Kevin Gue & Jeff Smith – Auburn University • Kimberley Ellis –CELDi, Virginia Tech • Leon McGinnis – Georgia Tech • Mike Ogle – MHIA
Europe • Éric Ballot, Frédéric Fontane, Shenle Pan, Rochdi Sarraj – Mines ParisTech • Rémy Glardon – EPFL • Rene De Koster – Erasmus University • Olivier Labarthe – IUT Bordeaux Montesquieu • Detlef Spee – Fraunhofer Ins<tute for Material Flow and Logis<c
Québec, 2012-11-07, 3/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Manifesto Outline
? Global LogisQcs Sustainability Grand Challenge ? Envisioning the Physical Internet ? Enabling a LogisQcs Web
? Toward Realizing the Vision
Québec, 2012-11-07, 4/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Sample of companies contribuQng to the Physical Internet IniQaQve
Québec, 2012-11-07, 5/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Logistics is the backbone sustaining our lifestyle At face value, logistics seems to be doing great!
Original slide concept by Professor Russ Meller, CELDi, U. of Arkansas
Québec, 2012-11-07, 6/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Logistics is the backbone sustaining eBusiness At face value, logistics seems to be doing great!
Original slide concept by Professor Russ Meller, CELDi, U. of Arkansas
Québec, 2012-11-07, 7/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
7
Container Logistics is the backbone
sustaining the
globalization of world trade
At face value, logistics
seems to be doing great!
Original slide concept by Professor Russ Meller, CELDi, U. of Arkansas
Québec, 2012-11-07, 8/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Logistics inefficiency and unsustainability claim
The way physical objects are moved, stored, realized, supplied and used
throughout the world is economically, environmentally and socially
inefficient and unsustainable
Yet we have to face a harsh fact
Québec, 2012-11-07, 9/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
ECONOMIC LogisQcs: 5-‐15% burden on GDP of most countries
worldwide logisQcs costs grow faster than world trade
ENVIRONMENT One of the heaviest greenhouse gas generators,
energy consumers, polluters and materials wasters Growing negaQve contribuQon
while naQons’ goals aims for heavy reducQons SOCIAL
Lack of fast, reliable and affordable accessibility and mobility of physical objects for the vast majority of the world’s populaQon Too oden precarious logisQc work condiQons
LogisQcs inefficiency and unsustainability Why do we need to change ?
European Commission: A Roadmap for moving to a compe<<ve low carbon economy in 2050, Office of the European Union, Brussels, 16p. (2011) Serveau, L.T. : Inventaire des émissions de polluants dans l’atmosphère en France. In: SECTEN, Citepa, Paris (2011) European Commission: EU energy and transport in figures. Sta<s<cal Pocketbook, (2009)
Québec, 2012-11-07, 10/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Inefficiency and unsustainability symptoms Leading Us Toward Hitting the Wall Real Hard
1. We are shipping air and packaging 2. Empty travel is the norm rather than the excepQon 3. Truckers have become the modern cowboys 4. Products mostly sit idle, stored where unneeded, yet so oden unavailable fast where
needed 5. ProducQon and storage faciliQes are poorly used 6. So many products are never sold, never used 7. Products do not reach those who need them the most 8. Products unnecessarily move, crisscrossing the world 9. Fast & reliable mulQmodal transport is a dream 10. Gekng products in and out of ciQes is a nightmare 11. LogisQcs networks & supply chains are neither secure nor robust 12. Smart automaQon & technology are hard to jusQfy 13. InnovaQon is strangled
Montreuil B. (2011) Towards a Physical Internet: Meeting the Global Logistics Sustainability Grand Challenge, Logistics Research, currently available as online publication, 2011-02-12, http://www.springerlink.com/content/g362448hw8586774/fulltext.pdf
Québec, 2012-11-07, 11/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Logistics inefficiency & unsustainability symptoms Leading Us Toward Hibng the Wall Real Hard
11
1. We are shipping air and packaging • Trucks and containers are oden half empty at departure, with a large chunk of the non-‐empQness being filled by packaging: 56,8% full when not empty; 42,6% average uQlizaQon
2. Empty travel is the norm rather than the excepQon • Vehicles & containers oden return empty, or travel extra routes to find return shipments (25% of travel), and loaded vehicles get empQer and empQer as their route unfolds from delivery point to delivery point
3. Truckers have become the modern cowboys • So many are always on the road, so oden away from home for long duraQons (very high turnover rate); Precarious family & social life, and personal health; in general, logisQc operators and material handling personnel have similar precarious posiQons
4. Products mostly sit idle, stored where unneeded yet so oden unavailable fast where needed
• Manufacturers, distributors, retailers and users are all storing products oden in vast quanQQes through their networks of warehouses and distribuQon centers, yet service levels and response Qmes to local users are constraining and unreliable
5. Poorly / badly used producQon and storage faciliQes • Most businesses invest in storage and/or producQon faciliQes that are lowly used most of the Qmes, or yet badly used, dealing with products which would beper be dealt elsewhere, forcing unnecessary travel
Québec, 2012-11-07, 12/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
6. So many products are never sold, never used • A significant porQon of consumer products that are made never reach the right market on Qme, ending up unsold and unused while there would have been required elsewhere; in the fresh food industry, products are wasted at an alarming rate: 12% in transit, 25% at retail
7. Products do not reach those who need them the most • This is specially true in less developed countries and disaster-‐crisis zones
8. Products unnecessarily move, crisscrossing the world • Products commonly travel thousands of miles-‐kilometers which could have been avoided by making or assembling it much nearer to point of use
9. Fast & reliable mulQmodal transport is sQll a dream � Even though there are great examples, in general synchronizaQon is so poor, interfaces so badly designed, that mulQmodal routes are most oden Qme-‐and-‐cost inefficient and risky
10. Gekng products in, through and out of ciQes is a nightmare � Most ciQes are not designed and equipped for easing freight transportaQon, handling & storage, making the feeding of businesses and ciQzens in ciQes a nightmare
RusQng new cars in disused airfield
Logistics inefficiency & unsustainability symptoms Leading Us Toward Hibng the Wall Real Hard
Québec, 2012-11-07, 13/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
11. LogisQcs networks & supply chains are neither secure nor robust
• There is extreme concentraQon of operaQons in a limited number of centralized producQon and distribuQon faciliQes, with travel along a narrow set of high-‐traffic route
• This makes the logisQc networks and supply chains of so many businesses, unsecure in face of robbery and terrorism acts, and not robust in face of natural disasters and demand crises
12. Smart automaQon & technology are hard to jusQfy • Vehicles, handling systems and operaQonal faciliQes have to deal with so many types of materials, shapes and unit loads, with each player independently and locally deciding on his piece of the pie
• Hard to jusQfy smart connecQve (e.g. RFID) technologies, systemic handling and transport automaQon, as well as smart collaboraQve piloQng sodware
13. InnovaQon is strangled • InnovaQon is boplenecked by lack of generic standards & protocols, transparency, modularity and systemic open infrastructure.
• This makes breakthrough innovaQon so tough, jusQfying a focus on marginal epsilon innovaQon
Logistics inefficiency & unsustainability symptoms Leading Us Toward Hibng the Wall Real Hard
Québec, 2012-11-07, 14/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Mapping inefficiency & unsustainability symptoms to economical, environmental and societal facets
Econom
ical
Environm
ental
Societal
1 We are shipping air and packaging
2 Empty travel is the norm rather than the exception
3 Truckers have become the modern cowboys
4 Products mostly sit idle, stored where unneeded, yet so often unavailable fast where needed
5 Production and storage facilities are poorly used
6 So many products are never sold, never used
7 Products do not reach those who need them the most
8 Products unnecessarily move, crisscrossing the world
9 Fast & reliable multimodal transport is a dream
10 Getting products in and out of cities is a nightmare
11 Logistics networks & supply chains are neither secure nor robust
12 Smart automation & technology are hard to justify
13 Innovation is strangled
Inefficiency and unsustainability symptoms
Québec, 2012-11-07, 15/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Design a system to move, store, realize, supply and use physical objects throughout the world
in a manner that is economically, environmentally and socially
efficient and sustainable
The Global Logistics Sustainability Grand Challenge
Montreuil B. (2011) “Towards a Physical Internet: Meeting the Global Logistics Sustainability Grand Challenge,” Logistics Research, 3(2-‐3), 71-‐87, 2011.
The Global LogisQcs Sustainability Grand Challenge
Québec, 2012-11-07, 16/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Elici<ng the Overall Goal Toward Global Logis<cs Efficiency and Sustainability
Societal goal Sustainably and significantly increase the quality of life of the logistics workers and the world’s population by improving the timely accessibility and mobility of physical objects
Environmental goal Sustainably reduce by an order of magnitude the logistics-induced global greenhouse gas emission, energy consumption, pollution & materials waste
Economic goal Sustainably reduce by an order of magnitude the global economic burden of logistics while unlocking huge gains in business productivity
Québec, 2012-11-07, 17/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
The Digital Internet ExploiQng the InformaQon Highway Metaphor
When looking for a way to conceptualize how it should transform itself,
it relied on a physical transport and logisQcs metaphor: Building the informaQon highway
Decades ago the informaQon & communicaQons technology community was stuck in a huge inefficient and unsustainable tangle
due to millions of unconnected computers
Québec, 2012-11-07, 18/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Before: millions of unconnected computers – inefficient and unsustainable Ader: millions of interconnected servers and computers to form
the “InformaQon Superhighway”
Key Enabler: transmission of formaped data packets through heterogeneous equipment respecQng the TCP/IP protocol
Result: The Internet, the Web, the Mobile, the Apps,… An open and interconnected distributed network infrastructure
Forever transforming industry, economy, culture and society at large
MeeQng the IT Grand Challenge Building Upon the InformaQon Superhighway Metaphor
Québec, 2012-11-07, 19/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
The Physical Internet IniQaQve Using the Digital Internet as a Metaphor for the Physical World
Even though there are fundamental differences between the physical world and the informaQon world,
the Physical Internet iniQaQve aims to exploit the Internet metaphor
so as to propose a vision for a sustainable and progressively deployable
breakthrough soluQon to global problems associated with the way
we move, handle, store, realize, supply and use physical objects all around the world
Montreuil B. (2011) Towards a Physical Internet: Meeting the Global Logistics Sustainability Grand Challenge, Logistics Research, currently available as online publication, 2011-02-12, http://www.springerlink.com/content/g362448hw8586774/fulltext.pdf
Québec, 2012-11-07, 20/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Exposing Key Features of the Physical Internet Vision
Evolving towards a worldwide Physical Internet
Québec, 2012-11-07, 21/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
The Physical Internet is an open global logisQcs system founded on physical, digital
and operaQonal interconnecQvity
through encapsulaQon, interfaces and protocols
The PI enables
an efficient, sustainable, adaptable and resilient
LogisQcs Web
The Physical Internet (PI, π)
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
Montreuil B., R.D. Meller & E. Ballot (2012). Physical Internet Founda<ons, In: Service Orienta<on in Holonic and Mul< Agent Manufacturing and Robo<cs, edited by T. Borangiu et al., Springer.
Québec, 2012-11-07, 22/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
• Open market for goods transportaQon (eBay-‐style)
• Handles only “black box” modular containers
• Open and shared transportaQon and distribuQon networks
• Vast community of users • Supplier cerQficaQon and
raQngs-‐by-‐users to drive logisQcs performance
Simplified Mental Image of the Physical Internet
Seamless modular container consolida<on in the Physical Internet B. Montreuil & C. Thivierge, 2011
Adapted from a contribu<on of Professor Russ Meller from CELDi, U. of Arkansas
Québec, 2012-11-07, 23/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Positioning the Physical Internet
Original schema<cs from Benoit Montreuil, 2010, Physical Internet Manifesto, www.physicalinterne<ni<a<ve.org
World Wide Web (WWW) Digital Internet
Digital InformaQon Packets
Open LogisQcs Web Physical Internet Smart Physical Packets
ConnecQng Physical Objects through WWW
Internet of Things Smart Networked Objects
Smart Grid Energy Internet
Energy Packets
Québec, 2012-11-07, 24/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
Universal InterconnecQvity
High-‐performance logisQc centers, movers and systems, making it seamless, easy, fast,
reliable and cheap to interconnect physical objects through modes and routes,
with an overarching aim toward universal interconnecQvity
Québec, 2012-11-07, 25/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
EncapsulaQon The Physical Internet does not deal directly with physical goods
It requires their
standardized encapsulaQon, such as data packets in the Physical Internet
Québec, 2012-11-07, 26/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
Physical encapsulaQon
Physically encapsulate goods in π-‐containers that are modular, ecofriendly, smart
and standardized worldwide
Québec, 2012-11-07, 27/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Physically encapsulation of goods in π-containers Modular, ecofriendly, smart & standardized worldwide
Decomposi)on+
Composi)on+
• Merchandise is uniQzed as content of a π-‐container and is not dealt with explicitly by PI • Modular dimensions from cargo container sizes down to Qny sizes • Conceived to be easily flowed through various transport, handling & storage modes & means • Easy to handle, store, transport, snap, interlock, load, unload, construct and dismantle, compose and decompose
• Light, made of environment friendly materials, with minimal off-‐service footprint • Smart tag enabled, with sensors if necessary: proper idenQficaQon, rouQng and maintaining • Various usage-‐adapted structural grades • CondiQoning capabiliQes as necessary (e.g. temperature) • Sealable for security purposes
Québec, 2012-11-07, 28/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Physically encapsulation of goods in π-containers World standard modular dimensions and fixtures
É. Ballot, B. Montreuil, R.D. Meller
Concep
tual design by Ben
oit M
ontreu
il and Marie-‐Ann
e Cô
té
CIRR
ELT, Université
Laval, Q
uébe
c, Canada, 2012
X
Y
Z 0,12 m 0,24 m 0,36 m 0,48 m 0,6 m
1,2 m 2,4 m 3,6 m 4,8 m 6 m 12 m
0,1 m 0,2 m 0,3 m 0,4 m 0,5 m 0,6 m 1,2 m 2,4 m 3,6 m 4,8 m 6 m 12 m
IllustraQve potenQal modular
dimensions
Conceptual design illustraQng the dimensional modularity of π-‐containers
The illustrated π-‐container design has a strictly conceptual and func<onal: it has no prescrip<ve technical design and engineering intent
Québec, 2012-11-07, 29/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Physically encapsulation of goods in π-containers Easy to compose into composite containers, then to decompose
Concep
tual design by Ben
oit M
ontreu
il and Marie-‐Ann
e Cô
té
CIRR
ELT, Université
Laval, Q
uébe
c, Canada, 2012
Conceptual design illustraQng the composiQon funcQonality
of π-‐containers
The illustrated π-‐container design has a strictly conceptual and func<onal: it has no prescrip<ve technical design and engineering intent
Québec, 2012-11-07, 30/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Consumer Product Goods Company 494 products 268 shelf packages
258 case sizes
At the pallet level, there there is a net savings of 10%!
At the case level, there is a net increase of 10% Using only of modular
dimensions (<15)
Here, no change in the shape of products. The number of products by case is allowed to vary by + or -‐ 10%. Experiment limited to cases rather than π-‐containers to focus on modularity
The spaQal impact of modular encapsulaQon
Meller, R. D., Lin, Y.-‐H., and Ellis, K. P., “The Impact of Standardized Metric Physical Internet Containers on the Shipping Volume of Manufacturers,” in Proceedings of the 14th IFAC Symposium on Informa;on Control Problems in Manufacturing, Bucharest – Romania, (2012).
Québec, 2012-11-07, 31/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
• Maximal volumetric and funcQonal density while being in Physical Internet containers, extendable to their usage dimensions when necessary
– FuncQonal density of an object can be expressed as the raQo of its useful funcQonality over the product of its weight and volume
• Only key components and modules have to travel extensively – Easy to be completed near point of use
using locally available objects
Design products fitting containers with minimal space waste
Products designed and engineered to minimize the load and burden they generate on the Physical Internet,
with their dimensions adapted to standard container dimensions, with maximal volumetric and functional density while containerized
Source: guim.fr
Québec, 2012-11-07, 32/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
Digital encapsulaQon ExploiQng as best as possible
the capabiliQes of smart π-‐containers connected to the Digital Internet
and the World Wide Web, and of their embedded smart objects,
for improving the performance as perceived by the clients and the overall performance
of the Physical Internet
Québec, 2012-11-07, 33/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Physical Internet and the Internet of Things
Image: http://www.globetracker.biz/GlobeTracker/News.asp
F The Internet of Things is about enabling ubiquitous connecQon with physical objects equipped with smart connecQve technology (RFID, GPS, sensors, Internet, etc.), making the objects ever smarter and enabling distributed self-‐control of objects through networks
F The Physical Internet is to exploit as best as possible the Internet of Things to enable the ubiquitous connecQvity of its π-‐containers and π-‐systems
Québec, 2012-11-07, 34/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Interfaces opQmized for universal interconnecQvity
Physical & digital interfaces exploiQng the characterisQcs
of π-‐containers and standardized worldwide
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
Québec, 2012-11-07, 35/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Reference: Montreuil, B., R.D. Meller, E. Ballot (2010) Towards a physical internet: the impact on logistics facilities and material handling systems design and innovation, in Progress in Material Handling Research, Edited by K. Gue et al., Material Handling Industry of America, 23 p., 2010.
π-‐containers moving and storage means and systems, with innovaQve technologies and processes exploiQng the characterisQcs of π-‐containers to enable their fast, cheap, easy and reliable input, storage, composing, decomposing,
monitoring, protecQon and output through smart, sustainable and seamless
automaQon and human handling
π-‐stores
π-‐movers A fork-‐less lis exploi<ng the snapping and interlocking func<onali<es of the π-‐container
A π-‐container equipped with wheels snapped through its standard modular interfaces
A highly flexible plug-‐and-‐play π-‐conveyor exploi<ng the standard modular dimensions and interfaces of the π-‐containers
In π-‐stores, modular π-‐containers can be stacked as in container port terminals
In π-‐stores, contemporary racking can be used, however innovaQons
in storage technologies exploiQng the funcQonal
characterisQcs of modular π-‐containers
are bound to be exploited
π-‐conveyors
Evolve from material to π-‐container transport, handling & storage means and systems
Québec, 2012-11-07, 36/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
LogisQcs centers designed for the Physical Internet
Reference: Meller, R.D., B. Montreuil, C. Thivierge & Z. Montreuil (2012), Functional Design of Physical Internet Facilities: A Road-Based Transit Center, in Progress in Material Handling Research: 2012, MHIA, Charlotte, NC, to appear (2012). "
Transit Center facilitating the truck-to-truck transshipment
of trailers along relays networks
through the Physical Internet#
Québec, 2012-11-07, 37/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Water&
Road&
Roadway
MulQmodal logisQcs centers designed for the Physical Internet, enabling seamless, fast, cheap, safe, reliable, & distributed, mulQmodal
transport and deployment of π-‐containers
across the Physical Internet
Ocean, sea or river
Physical Internet Road-‐Rail Hub References • Montreuil, B., R.D. Meller, E. Ballot (2010)
Towards a physical internet: the impact on logistics facilities and material handling systems design and innovation, in Progress in Material Handling Research 2010, Edited by K. Gue et al., Material Handling Industry of America, 23 p.
• Ballot É., B. Montreuil & C. Thivierge (2012) Functional Design of Physical Internet Facilities: A Road-Rail Hub, in Progress in Material Handling Research 2012, Edited by B. Montreuil et al., Material Handling Industry of America, 34 p.
Québec, 2012-11-07, 38/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Montreuil, B., R.D. Meller, C. Thivierge, C., and Z. Montreuil (2012), Functional Design of Physical Internet Facilities: A Unimodal Road-Based Crossdocking Hub,, in Progress in Material Handling Research: 2012, MHIA. "
Enabling seamless, fast, cheap, safe, reliable, & distributed, mul<modal transport and deployment of π-‐containers across the Physical Internet
LogisQcs centers designed for the Physical Internet
Road Hub of π-‐containers truck-‐to-‐truck crossdocking along a network of relays through the Physical Internet
Québec, 2012-11-07, 39/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
Physical Internet Protocols
Protocols opQmized for universal interconnecQvity
regulaQng the mulQ-‐layer services of the Physical Internet
Québec, 2012-11-07, 40/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
L1#Physical#Layer#
L2#Link#Layer#
L3#Network#Layer#
L4#Rou9ng#Layer#
L5#Shipping#Layer#
L6#Encapsula9on#Layer#
L7#Logis9cs#Web#Layer#
Purchase#order#with#delivery#requirements#Supplier#
Order#monitoring#
Shipment#&#πJcontainer#assignment#&#monitoring#
L7#Logis9cs#Web#Layer#
…#
Physical#characteris9cs#of#products:#Weight,(Volume,(Temperature,(Hazard5Level(GeoJcharacteris9cs#of#order:#Single(vs.(mul<ple(des<na<ons,(Single(vs.(mul<ple(sourcing(loca<ons(TimeJcharacteris9cs#of#order:#Delivery(<me(specifica<ons(
Encapsula9on#characteris9cs:(Number(and(types(of(π5containers((Assignment(of(products(to(π5containers((
Client#
Shipments#characteris9cs:#Number(of(shipments(Assignment(of(π5containers(to(shipments(Logis<cs(service(class(for(each(shipment(
Rou9ng#characteris9cs:#Target(route(for(each(shipment,(defined(as(sequences(of(segments/nodes,(with(<ming(specifica<ons(
Transport/handling#characteris9cs:(Assignment(of(π5containers(to(π5means(Assignment(of(π5means(to(π5links(
Move#characteris9cs:(Genera<on(of(loading,(moving,(sor<ng,(storing,(retrieving(and(unloading(orders(
πJcontainer#and#πJmeans##state/defect#monitoring#&#move#order#tracking#
Route#assignment#&#monitoring#for#each#shipment#&#πJcontainer#
Network#state#monitoring#Route#segment##
assignment#&#monitoring#
Valida9on#&#monitoring#of#each#flow#link#state#&#
route#segment#move#orders#
Data#transmiVed#to#the#lower#layer#
Data#transmiVed#to#the#upper#layer#
Standard LogisQcs Service Protocols
Open LogisQcs Interconnexion Model
Standardized mulQ-‐layered
service architecture and protocols
Montreuil B., E. Ballot & F. Fontane (2012). An Open Logis;cs Interconnec;on Model for the Physical Internet, Proceedings of INCOM 2012 Symposium, Bucharest, Romania, 2012/05/23-‐25. "
Québec, 2012-11-07, 41/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Deploy capability cerQficaQons
Multi-level Physical Internet capability certification of containers, handling systems, vehicles,
information systems ports, distribution centers, roads, cities and regions, protocols and processes,
and so on
Québec, 2012-11-07, 42/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Live open monitoring of really achieved performance of all π-‐cerQfied actors and enQQes,
on key performance indices on criQcal facets such as speed, service level, reliability, safety and security
Such live performance tracking is openly available worldwide to enable fact-‐based decision making
and sQmulate conQnuous improvement
Open informaQon is to be provided in respect of confidenQality of specific transacQons
Open Performance Monitoring
Québec, 2012-11-07, 43/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
A Global System
The Physical Internet is seamlessly applicable
everywhere, at any scale
Québec, 2012-11-07, 44/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Équipement 1!
Équipement 4!
Équipement 5!Équipement 3!
Stat
ion!
d’a
rriv
ée!
Stat
ion!
de
dépa
rt!
Centre 1!
Équipement 6!Équipement 2!
Installa'on)1)
Distrib
uteu
r)interne
)
Distrib
uteu
r)externe
)
Sta'
on)
d’arriv
ée)
Sta'
on)
de)so
r'e)
Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Centre)1)
Sta'
on)
d’arriv
ée)
Sta'
on)
de)so
r'e)
Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Centre)2)
Sta'
on)
d’arriv
ée)
Sta'
on)
de)so
r'e)
Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Centre)4)
Sta'
on)
d’arriv
ée)
Sta'
on)
de)so
r'e)
Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Centre)3)
Sta'
on)
d’arriv
ée)
Sta'
on)
de)so
r'e)
Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Centre)5)
Sta'
on)
d’arriv
ée)
Sta'
on)
de)so
r'e)
Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Centre)6)
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'1'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'2'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'3'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Distrib
uteu
r'interne
'
Distrib
uteu
r'externe
'
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'4'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'5'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'6'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Installa$on'1'
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'1'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'2'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'3'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Distrib
uteu
r'interne
'
Distrib
uteu
r'externe
'
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'4'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'5'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Sta$
on'
d’arriv
ée'
Sta$
on'
de'so
r$e'Équipement*1*
Équipement*2*
Centre'6'Équipement*3*
Équipement*4*
Équipement*5*
Équipement*6*
Installa$on'2'
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'1'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'2'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'3'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Distributeur'interne'
Distributeur'externe'
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'4'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'5'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'6'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Installa$o
n'3'
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'1'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'2'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'3'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Distributeur'interne'
Distributeur'externe'
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'4'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'5'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Sta$on'd’arrivée'
Sta$on'de'sor$e'
Équipe
men
t*1*
Équipe
men
t*2*
Centre'6'
Équipe
men
t*3*
Équipe
men
t*4*
Équipe
men
t*5*
Équipe
men
t*6*
Installa$o
n'4'
Site'1'
The Physical Internet: the same conceptual framework at any scale Intra-‐center Inter-‐processor Network Intra-‐Faciilty Inter-‐Center Network Intra-‐Site Inter-‐FaciliQes Network
Intra-‐City Inter-‐Site Network
Intra-‐ConQnental Inter-‐City, Inter-‐State/Province Network Inter-‐ConQnental Worldwide Network
Québec, 2012-11-07, 45/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Aim for webbed reliability and resilience
The overall Physical Internet network of networks should warrant its own reliability
and that of the physical objects flowing through it
Network webbing and the mulQplicaQon of nodes should allow the Physical Internet to insure its own robustness
and resilience to unforeseen events
For example, if a node or a part of a network fails, the traffic should be easily reroutable,
as automaQcally as possible
Reference: Peck H., “Supply chain vulnerability, risk and resilience”, Chap. 14 in Global Logis<cs New Direc<ons in Supply Chain Management, 2007
Québec, 2012-11-07, 46/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Aim for webbed reliability and resilience
The Physical Internet’s actors, movers, routes, nodes and flowing containers should interact in synergy to guarantee:
– The integrity of physical objects encapsulated in π-‐containers – The physical and informaQonal integrity of π-‐containers, π-‐movers, π-‐routes and π-‐nodes
– The informaQonal integrity of π-‐actors (humans, sodware agents)
– The robustness of client-‐focused performance in delivering and storing π-‐containers.
Reference: Peck H., “Supply chain vulnerability, risk and resilience”, Chap. 14 in Global Logis<cs New Direc<ons in Supply Chain Management, 2007
Québec, 2012-11-07, 47/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Enabling a LogisQcs Web
The purpose of the Physical Internet from a user perspec<ve
Québec, 2012-11-07, 48/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
LogisQcs Web Set of openly interconnected physical, digital, human, organizaQonal and social actors and networks
aiming to serve efficiently and sustainably
the worldwide logisQcs needs of people, organizaQons, territories and society
From a user perspective, the Physical Internet aims to enable an efficient, sustainable, adaptable and agile Logistics Web
Montreuil B., R.D. Meller & E. Ballot (2012). Physical Internet Founda<ons, In: Service Orienta<on in Holonic and Mul< Agent Manufacturing and Robo<cs, edited by T. Borangiu et al., Springer.
Québec, 2012-11-07, 49/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Mobility Web Moving goods & people
Interconnected open unimodal & mul;modal infrastructures, movers, hubs and transits
DistribuQon Web Deploying, storing
products Interconnected open warehouses
& distribu;on centers
RealizaQon Web Realizing products
Interconnected open produc;on, personalising & retrofit centers
Supply Web Supplying goods
Interconnected open suppliers and subcontractors
Service Web Enabling and sharing
access and usage of services rendered by goods & people
Interconnected open users and service providers
LogisQcs Web Set of openly interconnected physical, digital, human, organizational and social agents and networks
aiming to serve efficiently and sustainably the logistics needs of people, organizations, territories and society
Port%
Mari)me%route%
Highway%
Road%
Railroad%
Open%π9Port%
Open%π9store%&%π9distributor%zone%Air%route%
Open%π9factory%zone% Open%mul)modal%π9hub%&%π9transit%zone%
Open%unimodal%π9hub%&%π9transit%zone%
Québec, 2012-11-07, 50/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Transporting a trailer from from Quebec to Los Angeles
Québec
Montréal Alexandria Bay, US border
Syracuse Buffalo
Cleveland Columbus
Indianapolis St-Louis
Springfield Tulsa
Oklahoma City Amarillo
Albuquerque Flagstaff
Needles Barstow
Los Angeles
20
20-401 81
90 90
71
70
70 44
44
44 40
40
40
40
40
15-10
Distance travelled one-way: 5030 km 5030 km Drivers: 1 17 Trucks: 1 17 Trailer: 1 1 One-way driving time (h): 48 51+ Return driving time (h): 48+ 51+ Total time at transit points (h): 0 9 Total trailer trip time from Quebec to LA (h): 120 60+ Total trailer trip time from LA to Quebec (h): 120+ 60+ Total trailer round trip time (h): 240+ 120+ Average driving time per driver (h): 96+ 6 Average trip time per driver (h): 240+ 6,5
Current P2P
Proposed Distributed
Enabling an open global mobility web From point-to-point or hub-and-spoke transport to distributed multimodal transport
Québec, 2012-11-07, 51/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Truck&trailer,transport, Local,transport, Train,transport, Ship,transport,
Hub, Source/des8na8on,
!Mul8&segment,routes!taken!by!the!modular,containers!
from!a!single!shipment!out!of!the!source!through!the!open,mul8modal,Mobility,Web!
to!their!individual!des7na7on!!
Enabling an open global mobility web From point-‐to-‐point or hub-‐and-‐spoke transport to distributed mulQmodal transport
Québec, 2012-11-07, 52/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
IllustraQng Current LogisQcs Systems A small two-‐retailer two-‐manufacturer case
Adapted from: Hakimi D., B. Montreuil & E. Ballot (2012), Simula<ng a Physical Internet Enabled Logis<cs Web: the Case of Mass Distribu<on in France, ISERC 2012, 2012/-‐5/19-‐23
D1
D2a
D2b
PA1
PA2
PB
DA
DB
: usine; : Magasin de détail; : centre de distribution privé P# S#
: Flux de produits : Route de transport terrestre
Current Conceptual Networks Current SpaQal Flows
Manufacturer B
Retailer 2
PB
D2a
DB
D2b
S2a S2f S2j
Manufacturer A PA1
DA
D1
S1a S1e Retailer 1
PA2
S2e …" …" …"
Québec, 2012-11-07, 53/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
The Impact of ExploiQng a Mobility Web Here limited to unimodal road transport
D1
D2a
D2b
PA1
PA2
PB
DA
DB
: usine; : Magasin de détail; : centre de distribution privé P# S#
: Flux de produits : Route de transport terrestre
D1 PA1
PA2
PB
DA
DB
D2b
D2a
: usine; : centre de distribution; : Magasin de détail; : hub ouvert D# P#
Travelled distance: -27% Fuel Consumption: -19%
Average delivery time: +2% Maximum delivery time: -36%
Current Mobility Web
Québec, 2012-11-07, 54/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Current flows Physical Internet flows Physical Internet traffic
Ballot É., B. Montreuil, R. Glardon (2012), Simulation de l’Internet Physique: controbution à la mesure des enjeux et à sa définition, PREDIT Research Report, France, June 2012, 96 p. "
Preliminary results using exisQng infrastructures, faciliQes, demand paperns and service levels Economical: From 4% to 26% overall cost saving
Environmental: About 3 Qmes beper in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, by combining road-‐to-‐rail modal transfer and more efficient road transport
ExploiQng a Physical Internet Enabled Bimodal Mobility Web
for the Consumer Goods Industry in France Road and rail transport seamlessly integrated into the PI backbone network
SimulaQon based on product distribuQon flow to two top retailers in France, from their 100 top suppliers
Québec, 2012-11-07, 55/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Montreuil and Sohrabi, From Private Supply Networks to Open Supply Webs, IERC 2010
Most companies design, run and optimize independently
their private distribution networks, investing in DCs
or engaging in long-term leases or contracts
There are 535 000 distribution centers in the U.S.A. only Most of them are used by a single company Most companies use often a single DC and generally less than 20 DCs Imagine the potential if each company could deploy its products through a open web including 535 000 open DCs in the USA
Activate and exploit an Open Global
Distribution Web
Québec, 2012-11-07, 56/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Dynamically Deploying Stock Across the Distribution Web for Efficient, Fast & Agile Customer Response
Current private system" Proposed open system"
Adapted from: Hakimi D., B. Montreuil & E. Ballot (2012), Simulating a Physical Internet Enabled Logistics Web: the Case of Mass Distribution in France, ISERC 2012, 2012/-5/19-23"
PB
S2a S2e S2f S1a S1e
PA1 PA1
S2j
…" …"
O1" O2" O3"
O4" O5" O1"
Manufacturer B
Retailer 2
PB
D2a
DB
D2b
S2a S2f S2j
Manufacturer A PA1
DA
D1
S1a S1e Retailer 1
PA2
S2e …" …" …"
Client order
Physical flow : Plant : Retail store : Private distribution center : Open distribution center P# S# O#
Québec, 2012-11-07, 57/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Travelled distance: -23% Fuel consumption: -29%
Average delivery time to store: -79% Maximum delivery time to store: -71%
Mobility Web
PA1
PA2
PB
: usine; : Magasin de détail; : hub ouvert; : centre de distribution ouvert P#
Mobility Web + DisQrbuQon Web
D 1 P A 1
P A 2
P B
DA D B
D 2b
D 2a
: us i ne ; : c e nt re de di s t ri but i on; : M a ga s i n de dé t a i l ; : hub ouve rt D # P #
The Added Value of Exploiting a Distribution Web When Already Exploiting a Mobility Web
Québec, 2012-11-07, 58/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
D1
D2a
D2b
PA1
PA2
PB
DA
DB
: usine; : Magasin de détail; : centre de distribution privé P# S#
: Flux de produits : Route de transport terrestre
The Impact of ExploiQng a LogisQcs Web IntegraQng Mobility and DistribuQon Webs
D1 PA1
PA2
PB
DA
DB
D2b
D2a
: usine; : centre de distribution; : Magasin de détail; : hub ouvert D# P#
[Average; Max] Delivery-Time-to-Store
Mobility Web
PA1
PA2
PB
: usine; : Magasin de détail; : hub ouvert; : centre de distribution ouvert P#
Mobility Web + DistribuQon Web
Private LogisQcs Networks
-82%; -74%
+16%; +15%
-79%; -71%
-19%; -27%
-29%; -23%
-42%; -44%
Fuel; Travel
Québec, 2012-11-07, 59/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Minimize physical moves and storages by digitally transmikng knowledge
and materializing products as locally as possible through the open realizaQon web
ExploiQng extensively knowledge-‐based dematerializaQon of products and their materializaQon in physical objects at point of use
As it will gain maturity,
the Physical Internet is expected to be connected to ever more open distributed flexible producQon centers capable of locally realizing (make, assemble, finish) for clients a wide variety of products
from digitally transmiped specificaQons, local physical objects and, if needed,
criQcal physical objects brought in from faraway sources
Open Global RealizaQon Web
Québec, 2012-11-07, 60/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
OM
OM
OM OA
OA
OA
OA OM OM
OM OM OA OA
OA OA
OA
OA
OA OA
OA OA
OA OA
OA OA
OA
OA
OA OA
OA OA
M+A M OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
Client M+A
M
Integrated manufacturer+assembler
Manufacturer OA
OA Currently exploited open assembler
Currently unexploited open assembler
OM
OM
Currently exploited open manufacturer
Currently unexploited open manufacturer
Current realizaQon network centered around an integrated manufacturing & assembly plant
AlternaQve realizaQon network exploiQng realizaQon web for outsourcing assembly
AlternaQve realizaQon network exploiQng realizaQon web
for outsourcing manufacturing & assembly
Current snapshot
Current snapshot
Dynamically Outsourcinging Product Realization to Certified Open Centers across the Realization Web
to Enable Efficient & Agile Near Point-of-Use Product Realization
Québec, 2012-11-07, 61/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Open Supply Web
Source: Ballot E., O. Guodet & B. Montreuil (2011), Physical Internet enabled open hub network design for distributed networked opera<ons, Proc. of SOHOMA 2011
Québec, 2012-11-07, 62/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Distribu<on Web Mobility Web
Realiza<on Web
Tier-‐0
Tier-‐1
Tier-‐2
Each supplier may for example sign a guaranteed X-‐<me accessibility
contract with each client, keeping responsibility for
product delivery, deployment and realiza<on
Client has minimal stock Supplier leverages its clients
for deployment pooling Each client has access to a global pool of π-certified suppliers and vice-versa
Exploiting a Supply Web
Supply Web
Québec, 2012-11-07, 63/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
A Supply Web with Myriads of π-Certified Suppliers, Open & Global Access, Standardized Contracts,
Open Monitoring and Supplier Ratings Mul;-‐;ered, from raw materials to final products
Each exploi;ng the Mobility, Distribu;on & Realiza;on webs
Québec, 2012-11-07, 64/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Universal*interconnec.vity*Physical* Digital*Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Open* Global* System*
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Mobility*Web*
Distribu.on*Web*
Realiza.on*Web*
Supply*Web*
Service*Web*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*Physical*Objects*
Logis.cs*Web*
Innova.on*Business*Technology* Infrastructure*
π-‐Enabling InnovaQon
π-‐Enabled InnovaQon
Physical Internet induced innovaQon
Québec, 2012-11-07, 65/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Montreuil, B., Meller, R.D., et al., “Designing Facilities for the Physical Internet,” Material Handling Industry of America, Charlotte, NC, 2010-2012.
Flex Conveyor from KIT/Gebhardt (Kai Furmans)
GridFlow from Auburn University (Kevin Gue)
Physical Internet Induced
Technological InnovaQon
π-‐Enabling technologies
π-‐Enablied technologies
Québec, 2012-11-07, 66/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Physical Internet induced business model innovaQon
InnovaQve business models for commercializing
Physical Internet enabled offers by various parQes,
addressing stakeholder revenue, contracQng, liability & insurance
What are to be the π-enabled equivalents of Amazon, eBay and Google?
How are the manufacturers, distributers, retailers,
transporters, logistics providers and solutions providers going to evolve so as to best exploit the Physical Internet?
π-‐Enabling business models
π-‐Enablied business models
Québec, 2012-11-07, 67/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Physical Internet Induced Infrastructural Innovation
The Physical Internet homogeneity in terms of object encapsulaQon in π-‐containers should allow a much beper uQlizaQon
of modes & means, thus increasing the capacity of infrastructures
by the exploitaQon of standardizaQons, raQonalizaQons and automaQons
through currently unreachable innovaQons
π-‐Enabling infrastructures
π-‐Enablied infrastructures
hwp://www.ilookforwardto.com/2010/12/foodtubes-‐really-‐fast-‐food-‐delivered-‐in-‐a-‐physical-‐Internet-‐of-‐underground-‐pipes.html hwp://www.cargocap.com/content/what-‐is-‐cargocap
FoodTubes and CargoCap: Examples of currently contemplated infrastructural iniQaQves whose implementaQon viability can be upgraded through alignment with the Physical Internet
Québec, 2012-11-07, 68/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Realizing the Vision
Evolving towards a worldwide Physical Internet
Québec, 2012-11-07, 69/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
The Physical Internet Global systemic sustainable vision
sQmulaQng and aligning acQon around the world
Individual iniQaQves by businesses, industries and governments are necessary but are not sufficient
There is a need for a macroscopic, holisQc, systemic vision offering
a unifying, challenging and sQmulaQng framework
There is a need for an interlaced set of global and local iniQaQves
towards this vision, building on the shoulders of current assets and projects,
to help evolve from the current globally inefficient and unsustainable state
to a desired globally efficient and sustainable state
Québec, 2012-11-07, 70/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Physical Internet ImplementaQon Progressive Deployment, CohabitaQon and CerQficaQon
The widespread development and deployment of the Physical Internet
will not be achieved overnight in a Big-‐Bang logic but rather in an ongoing logic
of cohabitaQon and of progressive deployment, propelled by the actors
integraQng gradually the Physical Internet ways and finding ever more value in its usage and
exploitaQon
Québec, 2012-11-07, 71/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
F A smooth transiQon starQng with rethinking and retrofikng phases, then moving toward more transformaQve phases
F The Physical Internet can consQtute itself progressively through the mulQ-‐level cerQficaQon of: – Protocols – Containers – Handling and storage technologies, distribuQon centers, producQon centers, train staQons, ports, mulQmodal hubs
– InformaQon systems (e.g. reservaQon, smart labels, portals) – Urban zones and regions, inter-‐country borders
Physical Internet ImplementaQon Progressive Deployment, CohabitaQon and CerQficaQon
Québec, 2012-11-07, 72/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Conclusion The Physical Internet: An Instrument for Tackling
the Grand LogisQcs Sustainability Challenge
ExploiQng the Internet metaphor for fostering a breakthrough logisQcs system
A commitment towards open universal interconnecQon of logisQcs services and resources
An integrated holisQc tackle on making more efficient and sustainable
the way we move, store, realize, supply and use physical objects across the world
A highly scalable co-‐operaQve approach
1/3
Québec, 2012-11-07, 73/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
The Physical Internet builds on the network effect, gekng ever more effecQve as it gathers more users
It must gather criQcal mass, first exploiQng exisQng infrastructures and means,
then gradually fostering innovaQon.
Even though it is to be ulQmately global it will have to grow first in ferQle domains,
to be collaboraQvely supported by key leaders from industry, government and academia.
Conclusion The Physical Internet: Not an Utopia, not a Big-‐Bang
2/3
Québec, 2012-11-07, 74/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Conclusion The InternaQonal Physical Internet IniQaQve:
An Open InnovaQon Endeavor With this manifesto and its underlying research, a small step has been made towards meeQng
the global logisQcs efficiency and sustainability grand challenge A lot more are needed to really shape this vision
and, much more important, to give it flesh through real iniQaQves and projects
so as to really influence in a posiQve way our collecQve future
This requires a lot of collaboraQon between academia, industry and governments across localiQes, countries and conQnents
Your help is welcome!
3/3
Québec, 2012-11-07, 75/75
Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11 Professor Benoit Montreuil, CIRRELT, Université Laval
Questions and comments are welcome, and especially collaborative project avenues
www.physicalinterneQniQaQve.org
Twiper: @physicinternet