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Physical Oceanography
Physical Oceanography
RAP
Barrier Island
Major Oceans
• The three major oceans are : 1._______-largest, deepest, coldest, least salty. 2.__________- second largest, shallow, warm, salty. 3. _________- intermediate in depth, temperature, and salinity.
• The _______Ocean near the north pole, and the ____________ Ocean near the south pole contain vast expanses of sea ice.
PacificAtlantic
Indian
ArcticAntarctic
Methods of Studying the Ocean
The Topex/Poseidon _____________ orbits 1331 km above the Earth, gathering information about the oceans.
_____________ maps ocean floor topography by timing how long it takes sound waves to bounce off the ocean floor.
Underwater vessels called _________________ investigate the deepest ocean trenches.
satellite
Sonar
submersibles
Sonar (also called echo-sounding)• Sound waves travel
how fast in seawater?
• How deep is the water if it takes ten seconds for the sound wave to go from ship to ocean floor and back to ship?
1,454 m/s
7,270 mCalculation: (10 s times 1,454 m/s divided by 2 )
• The picture below is of a _____________.submersible
SalinityThe amount of salt per unit water is known as
salinity.
The average salinity of seawater is _____ ppt. Therefore, for every 1,000 ml water, there are ___ grams of dissolved salts.
The most abundant salt in seawater is ________, but there are many other salts present in the form of ions.
Near the equator salinity is __________ than average due to ___________________.Near the poles salinity is __________ than average due to _______________.In the Mediterranean the salinity is __________than average due to __________.
NaCl
3535
lowergreater precipitation lowermelting sea ice higher
evaporation
The salinity here would likely be:
A. 35 pptB. 34 pptC. 36 ppt
Colorful Seawater• What makes the
ocean water in the picture to the left different colors?
• Why would a shrimp that appears bright red at the surface appear black at greater depths, and why might this be beneficial?
differences in depth
Longer (red) wavelengths are absorbed before reaching deep water. Shrimp can hide and not become a meal.
Label the three ocean layers in the diagram below.
Surface layer
Thermocline
Bottom layer
Label the wave diagram below with the following terms: wavelength, waveheight, trough, crest
Ocean Movements
trough
crest
wavelength
waveheight
Match the following terms to their correct letter in the diagram:
A
B
C
D
E
D
F
G
H
IslandContinental shelfContinental slopeAbyssal plainSeamountContinental riseTrenchGuyot
Seafloor Topography
A.B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Listed below are some of the major surface currents. The force which generates these currents is ____________.wind
Upwelling :the raising of benthic nutrients to the surface waters
Chapter Review1. What is the average salinity of seawater?
2. What is the deepest area of the seafloor?3. What is the largest ocean?4. Why is the ocean “blue”?5. What is the force responsible for surface
currents?6. What causes density currents?7. What causes tides?8. List the 3 tidal patterns.9. What is the highest part of a wave called?10.Name the ocean that borders Virginia.
35 ppttrench
Pacific
shorter wavelengths not absorbed
winddifferences in temperature and salinity
gravity of the sun and moon
diurnal, semidiurnal, mixedcrest
Atlantic
