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Physical Preparation of Elite
Athletes
• Performance Culture
• World Class Performance Philosophy
• High Performance Player
• Player Lifecycle
• Building Blocks for Working with Elite Players
• Human Performance Laboratory
Physical Preparation of Elite Athletes
Physical Preparation of Elite
Athletes
Vision
To build a pathway for the next generation of
Manchester United players and be recognised as the
most consistently successful Club in the Premier
League
Objective
To Create an environment that promotes total quality,
attention to detail and a winning mentality in every
single facet of athletic Performance.
• Understand the Performance environment – What is it?
– The way we do things round here
• Results driven – “Quick Wins”
• Performance sport is about risk management
• Training environment
• Evidence based practice & methodology
• Elite athletes are about being different – exceptions to the rule
• Implementation based on knowledge / experience / insight – art & science
Performance Culture
• Understand the coaching process.
• Understand the training process.
• Attention to Detail.
• Resources – manpower.
• Focus on what really makes a difference.
• Be Individual in Approach.
• Look for trends – potential for effect.
• Feedback Driven – empower athlete with knowledge.
World Class Performance Philosophy
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Head of Human Performance
Dr. Richard Hawkins
HUMAN PERFORMANCE LABORATORY
Head of Elite Physical
Development
Dr. Marcello Iaia
Physiological Assessment
Robin Thorpe University Consultant
Dr. Warren Gregson
Human Performance Organisational Model
Sports Science Support
David Kelly
Talent
Conditioning
Support
Head of Strength &
Physiological Development
Dr. Gary Walker
Head of Sports Science
Dr. Tony Strudwick
Nutrition Consultant
Mark Ellison
• Remain injury free.
• Capable of sustaining high performance work rates.
• Capable of playing 50 games.
• Window of opportunity (22 – 32)
• Capable of playing a game every 4 days over a 5 game period.
• Ability to demonstrate sound recovery on objective markers.
• Demonstrate Seasonal Match Availability of 90%.
• Demonstrate Seasonal Training Availability of 85%.
• Achieve Baseline Targets for Sports Science Department.
High Performance Player
Monitoring Player
Monitoring
Sound Recovery
High Performance Functional
screening
Baseline Targets
Programming
High intensity
Conditioning
Achieve 85% Seasonal Training Availability
Recovery time, recovery time variance against expected date, green, yellow, red days
Defined monitoring processes (inc when & how), definitions of recovery protocols, planning strategies,
strength and conditioning pathways, functional assessment protocols, baseline target procedures, dirt
tracking protocols, player medical record tracking, protocols for liaison with medical and coaching staff.
A diagram showing organisational processes and protocol pathways. By clicking on any process in the
organisation chart you can see a list of staff responsibilities.
Planning
Example – 85% Training Availability
Philosophy
Monitoring Conditioning
Goal
Measures of Success
Processes
Organisational Structure
Roles
• Information Platform.
• Analysis of Performance.
• Competition Programme.
• Training Programme.
• Planning.
• Monitoring
• Systematic Development.
• Individualization.
Building Blocks for Working with Elite Players
Building Blocks for Working with Elite Players
Individualization
Systematic Development
Monitoring
Planning
Training Programme
Competition Programme
Analysis of Performance
Information Platform
• Fuel Required to feed the implementation of the process;
• Data collection
• Data Warehousing
• Data Analysis
• Information Dashboards
• Performance Intelligence.
• Integration of match, training, performance and injury data – Prescriptive
driven.
• Ability to communicate to multiple channels;
• Manager
• Coaches
• Medical department
• Chief Executive
The Information Platform
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The Information Platform
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By analytics we mean the extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative
analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact based
management to drive decisions and actions. The analytics may be input
for human decisions or may drive fully automated decisions. Analytics
are a subset of what has come to be called Performance Intelligence –
a set of technologies and processes that use data to understand and
analyse team performance.
Analytics
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What happened? STANDARD REPORTS
How many, how often, where? AD HOC REPORTS
Where exactly is the problem? QUERY/DRILL DOWN
What actions are needed? ALERTS
Why is this happening? STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
What if these trends continue? FORECASTIN G/EXTRAPOLATION
What will happen next? PREDICTIVE MODELING
What’s the best that can happen? OPTIMIZATION
Degre
e o
f In
telli
gence
Ana
lytics
Access &
Repo
rtin
g
Performance Intelligence and Analytics
Analysis of Performance
• Performance expressed in terms of result, time, score, position etc.
• Performance has a number of component parts;
– Technique, physical, tactical, strategic, event related, psychological
– Equipment, medical, social
• Coaches ensure explanations for performance couched in stable controllable
factors (tactics, fitness) rather than unstable factors (opposition tactics,
physical condition.
• Integral to coaching process.
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• Event strategy
• Performance expectations
Confirmed strategy
• Athlete support role
• Forward administration
Goal derived expectations
Feedback
Detailed tactics
and decisions
• Strategy rehearsal
• Pre-start checklist
• Selection amendments
Performance
Analysis
Emergent strategy
• Observation
• Recording
• Analysis
• Role Input
Analysis of Performance
Performance
Analysis
Performance
Analysis
Post-event management
Pre-event management
Event management
Adapted from Lyle 1998
2000-2010
• Doubled amount of high intensity runs
• Sprint distance increased by 60%
• Top speed achieved up to 9.7 m/s
ProZone – Premier League
Physical performance continues to speed up
Analysis of Performance
• The competition framework determined by success in cup competitions and
is therefore difficult to predict.
• Competition scheduling very significant on planning and periodising the
yearly programme.
• Preparation for competition programme involves a full range of activities;
– Recovery
– Strategy discussions
– Individual preparation
– Rehearsal
– Training
Competition Programme
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Physical Quality
Useful For Physiological
Stimulus Training Protocol
Training Mode Training Code
General endurance Improving the ability to exercise for prolonged period of time
Aerobic moderate
2-7 repetitions of 4-10 min @ 80-90% Hrmax. Rest: ~1 min
Interval running
6v6-10v10
Small to medium
pitch area
Blue
Football specific/ high-intensity Endurance
Improving the ability to sustain & perform repeated high-intensity exercise
Aerobic high
4-8 repetitions of
1-3 min @ 90-95%
Hrmax. Rest: 1-1.5
min
Intermittent running 2v2-4v4 big pitch area 5v5-8v8 specific rules, big pitch area
Yellow
Repeated short/long sprints
Improving the ability to produce power rapidly and perform maximal runs repeatedly
Anaerobic (Speed endurance)
3-18 repetitions of
5-30 s @ maximal/
near maximal
Intensity. Rest: 2-6
exercise time
Straight, shuttle and multidirectional specific runs
Red
Planning – Guidelines for Field Based conditioning
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Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Aerobic low/light Quick Feet/reaction TT/Game
Leg Strength Aerobic moderate/high (short) TT/Game
Speed endurance TT/Game
Injury Prevention Aerobic moderate/high (short) TT/Game
Quick feet/reaction TT/Game
GAME
Recovery Core/Upper Body
Aerobic high TT/Game
Leg Strength Aerobic moderate/high (short) TT/Game
Speed endurance TT/Game
Injury Prevention Aerobic moderate/high (short) TT/Game
Quick feet/reaction Short speed TT/Game
GAME
Injury Prevention Aerobic Moderate TT/Game
Aerobic high TT/Game
TT/Game Core/Upper Body
Leg Strength Speed endurance TT/Game
Aerobic high TT/Game
Quick feet/reaction Short speed TT/Game
TT/Game Leg Power
Injury Prevention Aerobic high TT/Game
Playing Squad
Non Playing Squad
Elite Group
Planning – 1 Match per Week
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Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Aerobic low/light Quick Feet/reaction TT/Game
GAME
Recovery Core/Upper Body
Short Speed Aerobic moderate/high (short) TT/Game
Quick feet/reaction TT/Game
GAME
Recovery Core/Upper Body
Aerobic high TT/Game
GAME
Leg Strength Speed endurance TT/Game
Aerobic moderate/high (short) TT/Game
Quick feet/reaction Short speed TT/Game
GAME
Speed Aerobic moderate/high (short) TT/Game
Aerobic high TT/Game
TT/Game Core/Upper Body
Leg Strength Speed endurance TT/Game
Aerobic high TT/Game
Quick feet/reaction Short speed TT/Game
TT/Game Leg Power
Injury Prevention Aerobic high TT/Game
Playing Squad
Non Playing Squad
Elite Group
Planning – 2 Matches per Week
• Obtain physiological measures during match-play and
Training.
• Determine the physical capacity of elite players.
• Determine readiness to perform (freshness).
• Integration of sophisticated technology:
– Heart Rate Telemetry
– Prozone Analysis.
– Global Positioning Satellite.
– Accelerometers.
– Power Output.
– SmartSpeed.
Monitoring
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Monitoring
Player
Workload
Player Available
to Perform
Player’s age/ history
Fitness status
Physiological profile
Psychological profile
External conditions
Training
External
Load
Internal
Load
Game
Days Per
Game
No. Games/
Min Played
Physical
Demands
What a player does
Distance
Speed
Accel/ decel
Total work
Metabolic power
How a player responds
Heart Rate
Rate of Perceived Exertion
Metabolic response
Monitoring
Monitoring & Intervention
Player Recovery
Readiness/Wellness
Injury Risk
On-Field
Training Match-Play
Off-Field
Strength &
Power
Assessment
Activation/
Warm-up FMS
DPG
Performance
Reliability
Match
Availability
External
Load
Internal
Load
Individual
Pre-habilitation
Exercises
Upper Body
Core Leg Strength
Reduction of Risk Reduction of Risk
Quantifying Work Loads (G.P.S.)
• Global Positioning Satellite (GPS).
• Small device worn on athlete’s back.
• Searches for satellites to determine position.
• Records position, time, body movements, impacts and heart rate continuously.
• Cutting edge technology for work loads.
• Identify performance trends, over or under training or stagnation.
Physical Loading – Elite Sport Issues
• Too much volume / too little intensity / insufficient recovery.
• Heart rate response is not total picture of sport/game
requirements.
• Load isn’t just cardiovascular.
• Mechanical - Muscular
– Concentric
– Eccentric
• Neurological
Technology Solution
• Objective Quantification Workload:
• Body Load
– G-Forces
– Daily/weekly totals
– Recovery time / load volumes.
• Impact Load
– Number of contacts
– Impacts/min
• Marked in injuries
• Junior athletes - performance output logged for comparison with senior players.
• Reflection of how advanced the junior player is compared to senior counterpart
• Recent suggestion that the best indicator of future senior football success maybe performance output during match-play with testing being much less indicative
Physical Loading
• Using this to measure total loading results in a much better planning of future training loads and intensities
• Coach is better able to periodise an athletes training programme for physical and skill related activities
• Des Hasler (Manly Sea Eagles Rugby League)
• % Loading to each session
– 25% Neurological
– 55% Cardiovascular
– 20% Musculoskeletal
Physical Loading
Monitoring - Example
Medical
Provision
Performance
Targets
Monitoring
Protocols
Athletic
Performance
Data
Management
Recruitment
Quality
Control
Performance
Analysis
Operating
Procedures
Performance
Model Management
Processes
Organisational
Structure
Research
Performance
Feedback
Meeting
Protocols
Systematic Development
Systematic Performance Model
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1 2 3 Assessment
Phase Development
Phase
Performance
Phase
High
Performance
Player
2 Regeneration
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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SYSTEM ACTION
ENGINE
Players’ Values
1. Ability.
2. Attitude.
3. Application.
Staff Values
1. Creating winners
2. Leading by example
3. Appearance
4. Seeing individuals
5. Setting high standards
UPHOLD UPHOLD UPHOLD Working together to achieve
excellence. Our purpose,
philosophies & processes
are defined & connected
using an OrgWheel
Individualisation
• Understanding the demands of match-play.
• Developing player profiles to understand injury risks.
• Managing risks on a team and individual basis using pro-active monitoring and
intervention.
• Implementation of preventative strategies:
• Manipulating the demands of training, playing load and individualising recovery
• Specific practices to decrease likelihood of injury:
• Functional Movement Assessment
• S & C Impact Model – Identification of physical strengths & weaknesses and
individualised off-field conditioning approach.
• Activation / Warm-Up
MUFC Basic Pre-requisities: Game Sense
1st Team On-Field Playing Time
Position Specific Core Skill: Heading
Position Specific Core Skill: Distribution
Position Specific Core Skill: Tackling
Position Specific Core Skill: Control
Position Specific Core Skill: Possession Retention
Position Specific Core Skill: Turning
MUFC Basic Pre-requisities: Aggression
MUFC Basic Pre-requisities: Will to Win
Match Data: Speed off the Mark
Position Specific HI Running
Position Specific Total Distance
Position Specific Recovery Time
Position Specific Ability to Penetrate
Training Adherence
AVA Personality: Compatability with club culture AVA Personality: Compatability with playing position
Robustness On-Field Leadership / Teamship
Off-Field Leadership / Teamship
Matchwinner Potential: Relative to Posn
Lifeskills: Downtime - Level of Trust
Lifeskills: Club Ambassador & Club Apps.
Prehab: Programme Adherence
Prehab: Injury / Illness Susceptiblity
Athleticism: Leg Power
Athleticism: Acceleration
Athleticism: Top Speed
Athleticism: Absolute Leg Strength
Athleticism: Absolute Upper Body Strength
Athleticism: Relative Upper Body Strength
Athleticism: Relative Leg Strength
Athleticism: Relative Upper Body Strength
Body Composition
Hydration Status
Adherence to Recovery Protocol
Good
Minimum
Outstanding
Fair
Target
Performance data > analysis > action
Individualization - Action Planning
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Entry and exit requirements: Laboratory testing strategy
Return to
High Performance
Stage 7
Reconditioning –
Repeated Sprints
Stage 8
Performance Assessment
Stage 9
Return to Play
Stage 10
Full Training
Assessment
Stage 3
Reconditioning –
Primal Strength
Stage 2
Reconditioning –
Level 1 Core + CV Stage 4 Reconditioning –
Keiser Strength
Stage 5
Return to Training/
Reconditioning
Stage 6
Reconditioning –
Power Development
Stage 1
Injury –
Rehab Plan
Rehabilitation
Reconditioning
Return to Training
Return to Play
HP 1 2 3 4
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Reconditioning Timeline Processes
• Performance Culture.
• World Class Performance Philosophy.
• High Performance Player.
• Player Lifecycle.
• Building Blocks for Working with Elite Players.
• Human Performance Laboratory.
• Thankyou.
Physical Preparation of Elite Athletes
A Working Model for Preparing Elite Players
Planning
Programming
Competition Training
Management
Resources
Human Equipment
Delivery
Monitoring
Internal Traning
Load
External Training
Load
Implementation
Communication Decision Making