Physical Properties of Seawater• Thermal Properties of Water

Physical Properties of Seawater• Thermal Properties of Water

Physical Properties of Seawater• Thermal Properties of Water

Physical Properties of Seawater• Thermal Properties of Water

Physical Properties of Seawater• Thermal Properties of Water

Physical Properties of Seawater• Thermal Properties of Water

Physical Properties of Seawater• Hydrologic Cycle: Circulation of water on Earth

Chemical Properties of Seawater• Water – a universal solvent

Chemical Properties of Seawater• Water – weight of salt (g) dissolved in 1 kg of water

Chemical Properties of Seawater• Water – weight of salt (g) dissolved in 1 kg of water

Chemical Properties of Seawater• Water – weight of salt (g) dissolved in 1 kg of water

Chemical Properties of Seawater• Precipitation Impacts on Salinity

• Precipitation Impacts on SalinityChemical Properties of Seawater

• Global Surface SalinityChemical Properties of Seawater

• Rule of Constant Proportions– Ratio of ion/chloride constant

– As total salinity changes, major ion concentrations change proportionately

– Normal seawater – measure Cl, caluclate other major ion concentrations

Chemical Properties of Seawater

• 35 o/oo total salinity

– Ca 0.412 o/oo Cl 19.344 o/oo

– Ca/Cl 0.0212

• 32 o/oo total salinity

– Ca 0.377 o/oo Cl 17.686 o/oo

– Ca/Cl 0.0212

• Rule of Constant ProportionsChemical Properties of Seawater

• Measuring SalinityChemical Properties of Seawater

CTD conductivity, temperature, depth

• Conservative Ions– Do not participate in chemical or biochemical reactions– Chloride Cl-

– Sodium Na+

– Sulfate SO4++

– Magnesium Mg++

– Calcium Ca++

– Potassium K+

• Non-Conservative Ions– Do NOT follow Rule of Constant Proportions

– Variable concentration

– Participate in chemical or biochemical reactions

Bicarbonate CO3

Nitrate NO3

Phosphate PO4

Silica SiO2

Chemical Properties of Seawater

• Sources and Sinks of SaltsChemical Properties of Seawater

• Sources and Sinks of SaltsChemical Properties of Seawater

• Sources and Sinks of Salts

RT = total amount of substance in oceans rate at which substance is added (or removed)

Chemical Properties of Seawater

• Dissolved GasesChemical Properties of Seawater

• oxygen