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JPN Pahang
Physics Module Form 5
Teachers Guide Chapter 6:Wae
CHAPTER 6: WAVE
6.1 Understanding Waves
1. Motion of Waves
A wave front is a line or plane on which the vibrations of every point on it are in phase and areat the (same/different) position from the source of the water.
2. When we use a fingertip to touch the surface of water repeatedly (circular/plane) wave fronts
are produced.
!. "ypes of waves
"here are 2 types of waves#$
(a) %%%%%%%%%%%%%. (b) %%%%%%%%%%%%%.
&. "ransverse wave(i) "ransverse wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is at
(parallel/perpendicular) to the direction of propagation of the wave.
A A
' '
A (crest / compression)' (rarefaction /trough)
(ii). *ample of transverse wave#
i. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%..
ii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...
iii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..
+. ,ongitudinal waves
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(i) A longitudinal is a wave in
which the vibration of particles
in the medium is (parallel /
proportional) to the direction of
propagation of wave.
-
-
(ii) *ample of longitudinal wave# %%%%%%%%%%%%%
- (crest / compression)
(rarefaction / troug
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Amplitude, Period and re!uen"# o$ a Wave
1. uilibrium position is
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%.
2. 0ne complete oscillation of the pendulum occurs
when the pendulum bob moves from
%%%%%%%%%%%%%.
!. "he period " of a vibrating system is
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...
&. reuency f is
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
"he 3 unit is%%%%%%.
+. troboscope is use to
%%%%
%%%%
%%%%
%%%%
%
troboscope freuency number of slits * rotation freuency
of stroboscope
4. Wave speed
3f the wavelength of the wave is 5 the waves
move forwards a distance of!* 5 per second.
"herefore the speed of waves
v % $ &
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'
'
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E
(e
r
"
i
s
e
6
.
1
1. (a)
"h
e
wa
vel
en
gth
of
the
wa
ve
in
the
dia
gra
mab
ov
e is
giv
en
by
lett
er
%
%
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%.
(b)
"he
amplit
ude of
the
wave
in the
diagra
m
above
is
given
by
letter
%%%
%
2. 3ndicat
e
the
int
erv
al
wh
ich
rep
res
ent
s
on
e
full
wa
vel
en
gth
.
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A
n
s
w
e
r
#
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
.
.
E
(
e
r
"
i
s
e
6
.
1
1
1. 3n
a
n
e
*
p
er
i
m
e
nt
,i
m
o
bs
er
v
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es
th
at
a
si
m
pl
e
p
e
n
d
ul
u
m
c
o
m
plet
es
!
6
os
ci
ll
at
io
ns
in
1
+.
6
se
c
o
n
ds
.
Wh
at
is
(a) the
freu
ency
of
oscill
ation
7
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(b) the
perio
d of
oscil
latio
n7
"ns#er:
2.
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8alculate the freuency of the given wave above.
!. 'ased in the displacement$distance graph
of a wave find
(a) the amplitude
(b) the wavelength of the wave
"ns#er:
&. A transverse wave is found to have a
distance of & cm from a trough to a crest a
freuency of 12 9: and a distance of + cm
from a crest to the nearest trough.
;etermine the amplitude period
wavelength and speed of such a wave.
"ns#er:
+. A girl moves a long slin
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"ns#er:
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)
&.+ cm
=. "he figure shows a wave front pattern ina ripple tan< produced by a vibrating
dipper at freuency of + 9:. What is the
wave speed7
"ns#er:
26 cm
>. A mechanical stroboscope has 12 slits and
rotates at a freuency + 9:. "he stroboscope
is used to observe water waves. "he observer
notes there are 4 successive bright bands at a
distance 26 cm. 8alculate the speed of the
water waves."ns#er:
?. "he figure shows a loudspea
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A given wave travels at a speed of 2 * 16+ms$1. 3f the
freuency of the wave is 1666 9: 8alculate the
wavelength
"n
s
#
e
r
:
11. (a) 'ase on the figure determine
(i) the amplitude
(ii) the wave length
(b) What is the freuency of the sound if the
speed of sound is !!6 ms $1.
"ns#er:
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*amping
1. ;amping is a
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%..
2. When a system is damped the amplitude of
the of oscillation %%%%%.
( decreases / increases ) slowly until the
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system stops oscillating.
3. ;amping is usually caused by #$
i. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%
ii. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%
Resonan"e
A resonance is
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%.
E(periment to s+o a p+enomenon o$ resonan"e
A
'
;
8
igure 4.12# 'arton@s
pendulum
-endulum ' and ; are the same length. When
pendulum ' oscillates all the pendulum start
; have the same length so there have same
naturalfreuency. o pendulum ; will oscillate with
%%%%%% (ma*imum/minimum) amplitude
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6.- AA/023 RER/ECT24 4 WAVE
1. eflection of a wave occurs
when a wave stri
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water waves
(a) (b)
2. how the dar< and bright pattern on the
screen below.
Water waves
Ripple tank
Screen
Re$le"tion o$ /ig+t Wave
1. When rays of light stri
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%...
2. "he bright and dar< bands of the wave
pattern formed on the screen because
the surface of water acts as lenses. "he
crest of water waves similar with
%%%%%%%%% $concae lens
%cone& lens' and the trough of water
waves similar with
%%%%%%%%% $concae lens
%cone& lens'(
E(er"ise 6.-1
"he diagram shows a single ray of light
being directed at a plane mirror. What
are the angles of incidence and
reflection7
(a)
(b)
i r
Re$le"tion o$ sound aves
1. "he sound waves are reflected by walls
and ceilings of buildings unborn baby or
sea bed.
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2. "he sound wave from the stopwatch
e*periences a reflection after stri
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2. 3f an echo is heard one second
after the holler and reflects off
canyon walls which are a
distance of 1=6 meters away
then what is the speed of the
wave7
6.5 AA/023 RERACT24 4 WAVE
1. "he refraction of water waves occur when thereis a%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
2. After refraction the wave has the same%%%%%%%%%%. but a different%%%%%%%%
Re$ra"tion o$ Water Waves
51 52
;eep hallow
1. When the water wave travel from a deep area the
direction of the waves is refracted
%%%%%%%.
$to#ards% a#ay !rom' the normal.
2. "he angle of incidence iof the water
is %%%%%%.(greater % smaller'
than the angle of refraction r
!. When the refraction of a wavehappened the freuency f does not
change but the
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%the
wave change.
E(er"ise 6.5
1. 8omplete the table below to show theproperties of refracted water waves when wave
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travels from one area to another area of a
different depth. Dse the words given.
Properties o$ re$ra"ted ater
aves
*eep ater to s+allo ater allo ater to deep ater
Wavelength decreases/ increases/ unchanged decreases/ increases/ unchanged
Eelocity decreases/ increases/ unchanged decreases/ increases/ unchanged
reuency decreases/ increases/ unchanged decreases/ increases/ unchanged
;irection of travel 'ends toward/ away from normal 'ends toward/ away from normal
2. 0n each of the following diagram draw therefracted wave by the perspe*.
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3. A plane wave has a wavelength of 2 cm anda velocity of > cm s$1as it moves over thesurface of shallow water. When the planewave moves into an area of greater depthits velocity becomes 12 cms$1. What is the
a. Wavelength
reuency of the wave in the
area of greater depth7
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Re$ra"tion o$ ater ave o$ t+e sea ater
1. Why are the speed and wavelength of waves in the middle of the sea almost uniform7
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
2. What do you thin< would happen to the wave speed if the depth of water is increased7%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.
.
!. Why do the distances between the wave fronts decrease as the waves approach the beach7
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%
&. Why the water in the bay is stationary compared to the water at the cape7
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Re$ra"tion o$ /ig+t Waves
1. When a ray propagates from one medium to an optically denser medium the ray refracts
)))))))))) $to#ards % a#ay !rom) the normal.
2. "he speed of light )))))($decreases%increases'as it propagates in the glass
bloc
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Re$ra"tion o$ ound Waves
1. ound waves travel faster in warm air than in %%%%... (cold/hot) air.
2. 0n a hot day the hot surface of the arth causes the layer of air near the surface to be
%%%%%%. $#armer%cooler'
!. "his causes sound waves to be %%%%%%.. $re!lected%re!racted' away from the
arth.
&. 0n a cool night the sound waves travel %%%%%%.(slo#er%!aster)in the cooler
layer of air near the surface of the arth than in the upper warmer air. "he waves are
refracted towards the arth. 9ence sound can be heard over a longer distance on a cold
))))))))$night%day'compared with a hot day.