PHYSICS ZMV.
THE BASICS OF NEW PHYSICS
© Mihail Vasile Zastavnitchi,
Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The Beginning of the Beginning is the gravitational field. It is formed of gravitons in
chaotic motion. The graviton is an elementary quantum of energy, when it is in the state of
motion and an indivisible particle of mass, when it is in the state of rest. The mass is a
conglomerate of gravitons in the state of rest, that is, the gravitons that gave to the mass their
kinetic energy. “Physics ZMV” is based on the idea of existence of the gravitational field
independent of mass and the mass, created by the gravitational field, independent of the
gravitational field. The masses are not attracted to each other. The potential energies of the
gravitational field distorted by masses compresses the masses to their common center of mass.
The compression of masses by gravitational field (distorted by masses) is named “Universal
compression of masses”. Mass grows quantitatively due to gravitons, which gave to mass their
kinetic energy (therefore have remained in the mass) and is heated by this energy. These
phenomena are named „Growth of mass” and “Heating of mass” in the gravitational field. The
motion of mass under the action of the inertia energy of the gravitational field is named "Motion
of mass by inertia energy of the gravitational field". In gravitational field mass cannot move by
inertia at a higher speed than the maximum speed, which corresponds to the given mass. Mass is
not a function of its speed. The inertia energy of the gravitational field depends on the speed of
mass. The inertia energy of the gravitational field is equal to the difference between the potential
energy of the gravitational field in the back and in the front side of the mass in motion. Mass,
which has received rectilinear and rotational movement (axis of rotation is perpendicular to the
vector rectilinear velocity), changes the volume of its parts, in synchronism with the rotational
speed. This phenomenon is named “Flux and reflux of mass”. The gravitational field is
propagation medium of the electromagnetic field. The speed at which the mass is moving under
the action of a force in the space without gravitational field is directly proportional to the force
and inversely proportional to the mass: F = zmV, where z – is a coefficient of proportionality.
That’s why this Physics is named “Physics ZMV”.
1. Introduction
Nature itself is very simple in its physical laws, but the fact,
that the physicists complicate its, it is not the nature fault.
The Beginning of the Beginning is the gravitational field. It is formed of gravitons in
chaotic motion.
Graviton is an elementary quantum of energy when it is in the state of motion and an
indivisible particle of mass when it is in the state of rest.
Mass is a conglomerate of gravitons in the state of rest, that is, of gravitons which gave to
mass their kinetic energy of motion.
The gravitational field penetrates the entire space and all masses. It propagates from the
center of the Universe to its periphery. Together with it, in the same direction, all the masses of
the Universe are moving (at a different speed, depending of the proportion of their mass). The
Universe extends due to the extension of the gravitational field.
It is possible to scientifically explain many physical phenomena that classical physics
cannot explain them or explain them naive, if at the basis of physics put the existence of the
gravitational field independent of mass and the mass created by the gravitational field,
independent of the gravitational field:
1. Where does the energy of the stars come from?
2. Why are the planets nuclei hot?
3. What kind of relation is there between the potential and thermal energy in any point inside the
mass?
4. What is the propagation medium of the electromagnetic field?
5. Why is the mass accelerating when a constant force acts upon it?
6. Why is the mass moving by inertia?
7. What is the maximum speed at which the given mass can move by inertia?
8. Why do fluxes and refluxes take place on the Earth?
Physics ZMV can give an explanation to all these questions. Why ZMV? Because in space,
where there is no gravitational field, the speed of mass is directly proportional to the force and
inversely proportional to the mass:
F = zmV, where z – is a coefficient of proportionality.
In any point inside the mass, the sum of the potential energy of the gravitational field
(distorted by the mass) and of thermal energy of the mass (received from the gravitational field
at the mass penetration), is a constant value for the given mass in the respective region of the
gravitational field. This constant is referred to as "Constant of mass" in the gravitational field.
The masses are not attracted to each other. The potential energies of the gravitational
field (distorted by the masses) compress the masses. The compression of masses by the
gravitational field (distorted by masses) is named "Universal compression of masses".
Universal Compression of Masses by Gravitational Field (distorted by the masses) is the first
fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
The thermal energy of the mass (received from the gravitational field at the mass
penetration) heats the mass. This phenomenon is named “Heating of Mass” by the gravitational
field.
Heating of Mass by Gravitational Field (during its penetration through the mass) is the second
fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
That part of gravitons, which gave up their energy to the mass and contributed to the creation of
the potential energy of the gravitational field and the thermal energy of mass, remain in the mass
and increase the amount of the mass. This phenomenon is named „Growth of Mass” by
gravitational field.
Growth of Mass by Gravitational Field (during its penetration through the mass) is the third
fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
At a certain quantity of mass, the thermal energy of the mass is so high, that the frequency
of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy emitted by the mass coincides with the
frequencies of the electromagnetic field perceived by the human eye. Such masses are named
stars.
Due to the gravitational field, the mass, which initially received a kinetic quantity of energy, is
continuously moved by the "inertia energy" of the gravitational field (equal to the difference
between the potential energy of the gravitational field in the back and in the front side of the
mass in motion). Motion of the mass under the action of the inertia energy of the gravitational
field is referred to as "Motion of mass by inertia energy".
Motion of Mass by Inertia Energy of Gravitational Field (distorted by the mass and by initial
kinetic energy of the mass) is the fourth fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
In the gravitational field, the mass cannot move by inertia at a higher speed than the
maximum speed (Vmax), which corresponds to the given mass.
The mass is not a function of its speed. The inertia energy of the gravitational field
depends on speed of given mass.
When the speed of mass is less than maximum inertia speed for the given mass, the inertia
energy of the gravitational field Ei for the given mass is directly proportional to the square speed
of mass:
Ei = Ev = mV2/2,
F = ma, (V ≤ Vmax).
The given mass is moving with acceleration directly proportional to the force and inversely
proportional to the mass.
When the speed of the mass is higher, than maximum inertia speed for the given mass, the
inertia energy of the gravitational field Ei has a constant value for the given mass:
Ei = mV2max/2 = E = const,
F = zmVex, (V ≥ Vmax),
Vex = V – Vmax.
The given mass is moving with excessive speed (Vex) directly proportional to the force and
inversely proportional to the mass, without acceleration: a = 0
Mass, which has received rectilinear and rotation motion (rotation axis is perpendicular to the
velocity vector) changes the volume of parts of the mass in synchronism with the rotation speed.
This phenomenon is referred to as "Flux and Reflux of Mass".
Flux and Reflux of Mass, as a result of rectilinear and rotational motion of the mass (when the
rotation axis is perpendicular to the vector of rectilinear velocity), is the fifth fundamental law
of Physics ZMV.
The gravitational field is the medium of propagation of the electromagnetic field.
2. Potential Energy of Gravitational Field. Homogeneous Gravitational Field
Suppose there is a point in the gravitational field with energy E. We note:
E – is the gravitational field energy which enters in this point.
E* – is the energy of the gravitational field, which emerges from this point.
Ep – is the potential energy of the gravitational field in this point.
Definition 1: The potential energy of the gravitational field in a given point is equal to the
difference between the gravitational field energy which enters in this point and which emerges
from this point, from opposite directions: Ep = E – E*.
Definition 2: In a given point, the gravitational field is named homogeneous, if the gravitational
field energy which enters this point is equal to the gravitational field energy which emerges from
this point, from any direction.
For a homogeneous gravitational field:
E = E*,
Ep = E – E* = 0.
The potential energy of the homogeneous gravitational field is zero.
3. Non-Homogeneous Gravitational Field. Universal Compression of Masses
Suppose there is a mass m radius rm in gravitational field with energy E. We note:
E – is the energy of the gravitational field (which enters the mass).
Em* - is the energy of the gravitational field, which emerges from the mass at distance rm from
the center of mass, that is, at the mass surface.
Ep – is potential energy of the gravitational field at distance r from the center of mass.
The gravitational field is the gravitons in chaotic motion. Therefore, the expressions “the
energy of the gravitational field E, which enters the mass” and “the energy of the gravitational
field Em*, which emerges from the mass” are identical with the expressions: “the gravitons with
kinetic energy E, which enters the mass” and “the gravitons with kinetic energy Em*, which
emerge from the mass”.
When the gravitational field penetrates the mass, the gravitational field energy drops from the E
to the Em* value. In this way, the mass distorts the gravitational field.
Around the mass is created a deformed (non-homogeneous) gravitational field with energy
equal to the difference between the gravitational field energy E, which enters the mass and
energy Em*, which emerges from the mass in opposite directions, at the distance rm from the
center of the mass and is directed towards the center of mass:
Е – Еm*.
The energy, equal to the difference between the gravitational field energy E, which enters
the mass and energy Em*, which emerges from the mass, in opposite directions, is directly
proportional to the potential energy Ep of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass), at the
distance rm from the center of mass (at the mass surface) and is directed towards the center of
mass.
The potential energy Ep of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass), at the distance rm
from the center of mass (at the mass surface), is directly proportional to the difference between
the energy E of the gravitational field which enters the mass and energy Em*, which emerges
from the mass, from opposite directions and is directed towards the center of the mass:
Ер ~ Е – Еm*, (r = rm).
The masses are not attracted to each other. Potential energies of the gravitational field
(distorted by masses) compress the masses.
The compression of masses by the potential energies of the gravitational field (distorted by
the masses) is referred to as "Universal Compression of Masses".
Universal Compression of Masses is the result of action of potential energies of the
gravitational field, which appear as a result of deformation of the gravitational field by masses.
Universal Compression of Masses is the First Fundamental Law of Physics ZMV.
4. Potential Energy of the Gravitational Field, Distorted by Mass and Thermal Energy of
Mass, Received from the Gravitational Field at the Mass Penetration
Suppose there is a mass m radius rm in the gravitational field with energy E. We note:
E – is the energy of the gravitational field (which enters the mass).
Em* - is the energy of the gravitational field, which emerges from the mass at distance rm from
the center of mass, that is, on the surface of mass.
The energy, equal to the difference between the gravitational field energy E which enters
the mass and energy Еm*, which emerges from the mass, in the opposite direction, at the distance
rm from the center of the mass (that is, at the mass surface), is named the fall of gravitational
field energy in the given mass:
E – Em*.
The fall of the gravitational field energy in mass (E – Em*), is converted into potential
energy Ep of the gravitational field (distorted by mass) and into thermal energy Et of the mass
(received from the gravitational field at mass penetration):
Е – Еm* = Ер + Еt, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm).
The gravitational field energy E in the given region of the gravitational field is a constant value.
The gravitational field energy Em* which emerges from the given mass is a constant value.
In the given region of the gravitational field, for the given mass, the fall of the gravitational
field energy is a constant value:
Е – Еm* = const,
Ep + Et = const, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm).
In any point inside the mass, the sum of the potential energy Ep of the gravitational field
(distorted by the mass) and of thermal energy Et of the mass (received from the gravitational field
at mass penetration), is a constant value for the given mass in the given region of the
gravitational field.
Ep + Et = Е – Еm* = const. (0 ˂ r ≤ rm).
This constant is referred to as "Constant of Mass" in the gravitational field.
In the center of the mass, the potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by mass)
is zero, and the thermal energy of the mass (received from the gravitational field at mass
penetration) has a maximum value, equal to the fall of the gravitational field energy in the given
mass:
Et = E – Em*,
Ep = 0, (r = 0).
At the mass surface, the potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by mass) has
maximum value, equal to energy fall of the gravitational field in the given mass, and the thermal
energy of the mass (received from the gravitational field at mass penetration) is zero:
Ep = E – Em*,
Et = 0, (r = rm).
The potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by mass) at the mass surface
(r = rm) is equal to the thermal energy (received from the gravitational field at the mass
penetration) in the center of mass (r = 0).
If we decrease the mass, the gravitational field energy Em* which emerges from the mass
is increasing and tends to the gravitational field energy E at the entrance in the mass and the fall
of gravitational field energy (at mass penetration) tends to zero:
m → 0,
Em* → E,
Ep + Et = E – Em* → 0.
If we increase the mass, the gravitational field energy Em* which emerges from the mass is
decreasing and tends to zero, and the fall of the gravitational field energy increases and tends to
the gravitational field energy E:
m → mc,
Em* → 0,
Ep + Et = E – Em* → E,
Where mc – is the critical mass (the mass for which Em* = 0).
Mass is a transformer of energy. A part from the gravitational field energy (E – Em*), in the
mass is converted into potential energy Ep of the gravitational field (distorted by mass) and into
thermal energy Et of the mass (received from the gravitational field at mass penetration).
The thermal energy Et of the mass (received from the gravitational field at the mass
penetration) is emitted in the gravitational field, which is the medium of propagation of
electromagnetic field.
The thermal energy of mass and the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal
energy are directly proportional to the mass. The bigger the mass the bigger the thermal energy
of the mass (received from the gravitational field) and the frequency of the maximum of
radiation of thermal energy are higher.
At a certain amount of mass, the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy
emitted by the mass coincides with the frequencies of electromagnetic field perceived by human
eye. Such masses are named stars.
If a further increase the mass, at a certain amount of mass, the gravitational field energy
which emerges from the mass is equal to zero:
Em* = 0.
The fall of the gravitational field energy in the mass (E – Em*) is equal to the gravitational
field energy at the entrance in the mass (E):
E – Em* = E.
In other words, the gravitational field cannot penetrate such a mass. The entire energy of
the gravitational field, which enters the mass, remains in the mass.
The minimum mass that the gravitational field cannot emerge from it is referred to as “Critical
Mass”.
m = mс
Еm* = 0,
Ер + Еt = Е – Em* = E.
For critical and more critical mass the sum of the potential energy Ер of the gravitational
field (distorted by mass) and of the thermal energy Еt of the mass (received from the
gravitational field in its penetration into this mass) reaches the maximum possible value, equal to
the gravitational field energy E in the given region of the gravitational field.
5. Heating and Growth of Mass by Gravitational Field.
Suppose there is a mass m radius rm in the gravitational field with energy E. We note:
Em* – is the gravitational field energy which emerges from the mass, at distance rm from the
center of the mass (at the mass surface).
Ep – is potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass), at the distance r from
the center of mass.
Et – is thermal energy of the mass (received from the gravitational field at the mass penetration),
at the distance r from the center of mass.
E – Em* – is the fall of the gravitational field energy in the given mass.
In any point within the mass, the sum of potential energy Ep of the gravitational field (distorted
by mass) and of thermal energy Et of the mass (received from gravitational field at the mass
penetration), is a constant value for the given mass in the given region of the gravitational field.
Е – Еm* = Ep + Et = const, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm).
At penetration of the gravitational field through the mass, a part of its energy (E – Em*)
remain in the mass and is transformed into the potential energy Ep of the gravitational field and
into the thermal energy of the mass Et.
The potential energies of the gravitational field (distorted by masses) compress the masses. The
compression of masses by the gravitational field (distorted by masses) is named „Universal
Compression of Masses” by gravitational field. Universal Compression of Masses by
Gravitational Field (distorted by the masses) is the first fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
The heating of the mass (by the gravitational field at the mass penetration) depends on the
quantity of the mass. The bigger the mass the bigger the thermal energy Et of the mass, received
from the gravitational field at the mass penetration. This phenomenon is referred to as “Heating
of Mass” by gravitational field.
Heating of Mass by Gravitational Field is the Second Fundamental Law of Physics ZMV.
That part of the gravitational field energy (E – Em*), that is, that part of gravitons, which
gave their energy to the mass, remains in the mass, enlarging its quantity. The mass in the
gravitational field is growing in size. This phenomenon is named “Growth of Mass” by
Gravitational Field.
Growth of Mass by Gravitational Field is the Third Fundamental Law of Physics ZMV.
The mass is a conglomerate of gravitons in the state of rest, that is, those gravitons which gave to
the mass their kinetic energy of motion.
6. Hollow Body in Gravitational Field
Suppose there is a hollow body with mass m in the gravitational field with energy E. We note:
E – is the gravitational field energy (at the entrance in the mass of hollow body).
Em* – is the gravitational field energy which emerges from the mass of hollow body, at the
distance rm from the center of the mass (at the exterior surface of the hollow body).
Eg – is the gravitational field energy, inside the hollow body.
Ep – is potential energy of the gravitational field, distorted by the mass, at distance r from the
center of the mass of hollow body.
Et – is thermal energy of the mass received from the gravitational field, at the mass penetration,
at distance r from the center of the mass of hollow body.
rm – is radius of the exterior surface.
ri – is radius of the interior surface.
When gravitational field penetrates the hollow body, the gravitational field energy falls
only between the exterior and the interior surface of hollow body (there where mass exists).
On the outside of the hollow body, at a distance rm from the center of mass (on the exterior
surface of hollow body), the potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass of
hollow body) is equal to the energy fall of the gravitational field in the mass of hollow body:
Ep = E – Em*,
Et = 0, (r = rm).
Inside the hollow body (r ˂ ri) the gravitational field is homogeneous (undistorted by the
mass of hollow body). Inside the hollow body the potential energy (which is directly
proportional to the difference between the gravitational field energies from the opposite
directions) is equal to zero:
Ep = 0, (r ˂ ri).
The energy of the gravitational field, inside the hollow body Eg is equal to the arithmetic
average between the gravitational field energy E, at the entrance of the hollow body and the
energy Em*, which emerges from the mass of hollow body:
Eg = (E + Em*)/2, (r ˂ ri).
7. Potential Energy of Gravitational Field Distorted by Mass
Suppose there is a mass m radius rm in gravitational field with energy E.
The potential energy of the gravitational field inside the mass, at the distance r from the
center of mass, is directly proportional to the mass included inside the sphere with radius r and
inversely proportional to the radius r.
Ep ~ mr/r, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm), (1)
Where mr – is the mass included inside the sphere with the radius r.
The mass that is not enclosed within a sphere of radius r does not deform the gravitational
field inside a sphere of radius r, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm).
The mass included inside the sphere of radius r is a function of radius r.
mr ~ drr3
Where dr – is the mass density included inside the sphere of radius r.
Ep ~ drr2, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm). (2)
The potential energy of the gravitational field within the mass, at the distance r from the
center of mass is directly proportional to the mass density (dr) included inside the sphere of
radius r, and is directly proportional to the square of the distance r from the center of mass.
The proportionality (1) and (2) are identical:
Ep ~ mr/r ~ drr2, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm).
The potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass m), at a certain point
that is outside the mass, at the distance r from the center of mass is directly proportional to the
mass m and inversely proportional to the distance r to the center of mass:
Ep ~ m/r, (rm ≤ r ˂ ∞).
8. Inertia Energy of Gravitational Field
Suppose there is a mass m radius rm in the gravitational field with energy E, which got
initial kinetic energy Ev:
Ev = mV02/2.
When the mass gets initial kinetic energy and it starts to move with initial velocity, the
gravitational field is deformed additionally (in the direction of motion) by the initial kinetic
energy of mass.
If imaginary we divide the mass with a plan perpendicular on the vector of velocity and
which passes through the mass center, then the mass is divided relatively this plan into two parts:
the front side of the moving mass and the back side of the moving mass.
The gravitational field energy, which enters through the back side and emerges from the
front side of the moving mass, is increased by an amount equal to half of the initial kinetic
energy, which the mass received from the source of energy:
Em* + Ev/2.
The gravitational field energy, which enters through the front side and emerges from the
back side of the moving mass, is decreased by an amount equal to half of the initial kinetic
energy, which the mass received from the source of energy:
Em* – Ev/2.
We note: E – is the gravitational field energy (at the entrance to mass).
Em*– is the gravitational field energy which emerges from the mass (at rm distance from the mass
center), when the mass is not moving.
Ev – is the initial kinetic energy which the mass received from source of energy.
Eps – is the potential energy of the gravitational field distorted by the mass and by the initial
kinetic energy of mass, in the back side of the mass, at the distance rm from the mass center
(at the mass surface).
Epf – is the potential energy of the gravitational field distorted by the mass and by the initial
kinetic energy of mass, in the front side of the mass, at the distance rm from the mass center
(at the mass surface).
We calculate the potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by
initial kinetic energy of the mass) in the front side of the mass Epf and in the back side of the
mass Eps at the distance rm from the mass center (at the mass surface).
The thermal energy of the mass (received from the gravitational field at mass penetration)
at the distance rm from the mass center (at the mass surface) is zero, no matter whether the mass
moves or not:
Et = 0, (r = rm).
In the front side of the mass, at the distance rm from the mass center, the potential energy
Epf of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of the mass) is
equal to the fall of the gravitational field energy in the front side of the mass, at the distance rm
from the mass center (at the mass surface):
Epf = E – Em* – Ev/2,
Et = 0, (r = rm).
In the back side of the mass, at the distance rm from the mass center, the potential energy
Eps of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of the mass) is
equal to the fall of the gravitational field energy in the back side of the mass, at the distance rm
from the mass center (at the mass surface):
Eps = E – Em* + Ev/2,
Et = 0, (r = rm).
The potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic
energy of mass) in the back side of the mass (in motion), at the distance rm from the mass center,
is greater than the potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by initial
kinetic energy of mass) in the front side of mass (in motion), at the distance rm from the mass
center:
Eps > Epf
The mass that received initially a quantity of kinetic energy Ev, is in a perpetual motion,
under the action of the energy equal to the difference between the potential energy of the
gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of the mass), at the
distance rm from the mass center (at the mass surface), in the back side and in the front side of
the mass in motion.
The energy, equal to the difference between the potential energy of the gravitational field
(distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of the mass), at the distance rm from the mass
center (at the mass surface), in the back side and in the front side of the mass (in motion) is
transformed into kinetic energy of the mass (received from the gravitational field).
The energy, which the gravitational field communicates to the mass, after it received initial
kinetic energy Ev, is referred to as inertia energy Ei of the gravitational field (distorted by the
mass and by initial kinetic energy of the mass):
Еi = Eps – Epf = E – Em* + Ev/2 – E + Em* + Ev/2 = Ev,
Ei = Ev
Inertia energy of the gravitational field Еi is equal to the difference between the potential
energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of the mass)
in the back side of the mass Eps and in the front side of the mass Epf, at the distance rm from the
mass center (at the mass surface):
Еi = Eps – Epf
The inertia energy Ei with which the gravitational field moves the mass after it received
initial kinetic energy Ev is equal to this initial kinetic energy:
Ei = Ev
The mass, that received initial kinetic energy Ev, is moved continuously by the
gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of mass), with the inertia
energy Ei, equal (in value and direction) to the initial kinetic energy Ev.
The motion of the mass under the action of inertia energy of the gravitational field
(distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of mass) is named "Motion of Mass by
Inertia Energy of Gravitational Field".
Motion of Mass by Inertia Energy of Gravitational Field (distorted by the mass and by initial
kinetic energy of mass) is the fourth fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
9. Rectilinear and Rotational Motion of Mass. Flux and Reflux of Mass
Suppose that there is a mass m radius rm in the gravitational field with energy E, which
received initial rectilinear kinetic energy and rotational energy.
The mass will continue the rectilinear and rotational motion due to the inertia energy of the
gravitational field.
The potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by the initial
kinetic energy of the mass) in the back side Eps of the mass, is greater than the potential energy
of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by the initial kinetic energy of the mass) in
the front side Epf of the mass:
Eps > Epf
We shall analyze the case, when the axis of the rotation motion of the mass is
perpendicular to the velocity vector of the rectilinear motion.
Imaginary we divide the mass into n parts and we named one of the divided parts from the
mass „mass particle”. Also imaginary, we divide the mass with a perpendicular plan to the axis
of rotation motion at an arbitrary distance of the mass center.
EW is the name of the line, which in this plan is parallel to the vector of rectilinear velocity
and which passes through the axis of rotation motion of the mass.
NS is the name of the line, which in this plan is perpendicular to the vector of rectilinear
velocity and which also passes through the axis of rotation motion of the mass.
The potential energy on the line NS is the same, as in the case, if the mass is not moving
and we named it „normal potential energy" of the gravitational field Epn for the given mass.
During the mass rotation, each „mass particle” in this plan passes through the minimal
potential energy of the gravitational field Epf when it crosses the line EW in the front side of the
mass in motion.
Then the „mass particle” passes through the „normal potential energy" of the gravitational
field Epn when it crosses the line NS.
Then, the „mass particle” passes through the maximum potential energy of the
gravitational field Eps when it crosses again the line EW in the back side of the mass in motion.
Then, the „mass particle” passes through the "normal potential energy" of the gravitational
field Epn, when it again crosses the NS line, in the opposite part of the mass.
Then, the „mass particle” again reaches the line EW in the front side of the mass in motion,
where the potential energy of the gravitational field Epf is minimal. Here completes one rotation.
In this way, at a complete rotation, each „mass particle” passes through the above
enumerated zones, which have different potential energies of the gravitational field:
From the minimum potential energy of the gravitational field Epf in the front side of the
mass in motion, to the maximum potential energy of the gravitational field Eps in the back side of
the mass in motion and again to the minimum potential energy of the gravitational field Epf in the
front side of the mass in motion.
Each „mass particle” (from the center to the surface), being in different zones of the
gravitational field with different potential energy, change its density, that is, change its volume:
from the maximum volume in the front side of the mass in motion (there the potential energy is
minimum), to the minimum volume in the back side of the mass in motion (there the potential
energy is maximum).
The mass that has received a rectilinear and rotation motion (the axis of rotation is
perpendicular to the vector of rectilinear velocity) changes the volume of the mass parts,
synchronously to the rotation motion. This phenomenon is named "Flux and Reflux of Mass".
Flux and Reflux of Mass, as a result of rectilinear and rotational motion of the mass (when the
rotation axis is perpendicular to the vector of rectilinear velocity), is the fifth fundamental law
of Physics ZMV.
Potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass) has a maximum value on
the mass surface. Because of this, the gradient of the volume variation of the „mass particle” on
the surface of the mass, is greater, then the gradient of the volume variation of the „mass
particle” inside the mass, when passing from one zone into another.
The closer the "mass particle" is to the rotation axis, the smaller is the gradient of change
of volume of the "mass particle", when passing from one zone to another.
10. Classification of Masses in Gravitational Field
Masses in the gravitational field of energy E, depending on their size, can be classified as
follows: "medium mass", "small masses" and "big masses".
1. If the energy of the gravitational field which emerges from the mass, Em*, is equal to half of
the energy of the gravitational field E, which enters the mass, then this mass is named "medium
mass" and we notice it mj.
Em* = E/2, m = mj.
2. For "small masses" (m < mj) the energy of the gravitational field which emerges from the
mass, Em*, is bigger than half of the energy of the gravitational field E, that enters the mass.
m < mj, Em* > E/2.
3. For "big masses" (m > mj) the energy of the gravitational field which emerges from the mass,
Em*, is smaller than half of the energy of the gravitational field E, that enters the mass.
m > mj, Em* < E/2.
11. Maximum Speed of Mass Motion by Inertia Energy of Gravitational Field
Suppose there is a mass m radius rm in the gravitational field with energy E, that received
initial kinetic energy Ev=mV02/2.
Potential energy of gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of
the mass) in the back side of mass (in motion), at the distance rm from the center of mass (at the
mass surface) is equal to:
Eps = E – Em* + Ev/2,
Et = 0, (r = rm).
Potential energy of gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of
the mass) in the front side of mass (in motion), at the distance rm from the center of mass (at the
mass surface) is equal to:
Epf = E – Em* – Ev/2,
Et = 0, (r = rm).
If we increase the initial speed V0, potential energy of gravitational field in the back side of
mass, at distance rm from the center of mass (at the mass surface) increases and tends to the
energy of gravitational field E:
Eps → E,
Ev/2 → Em*.
Potential energy of gravitational field in the front side of the mass at distance rm from the
center of mass (at the mass surface) decreases and tends to zero:
Epf → 0,
Ev/2 → E – Em*.
At a certain speed, potential energy of gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by the
initial kinetic energy of mass) in the back or in the front side of the mass, at distance rm from the
center of mass (at the mass surface), reaches one of the extreme values:
E – in the back side of the mass in motion (at the mass surface),
0 – in the front side of the mass in motion (at the mass surface).
The speed for which potential energy of gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by
initial kinetic energy of the mass) in the back side of mass (in motion) or in the front side of
mass (in motion), at the distance rm from the center of mass (at the mass surface), reaches one of
the extreme values E or 0 is named “Maximum Speed of Mass Motion by Inertia Energy of
Gravitation Field”, for the given mass, (Vmax).
By inertia, mass cannot move faster than the maximum speed, which corresponds to the given
mass.
1. We calculate the maximum speed of mass motion by inertia energy of gravitational field,
Vmax, for the "medium mass":
m = mj,
Em* = E/2.
If we increase the initial kinetic energy, we reach such a speed, for the given mass m = mj,
named maximum speed of the mass motion by inertia, Vmax, for which the potential energy of the
gravitational field in the back side of the mass (in motion), at distance rm from the center of mass
(at the mass surface) is equal to the energy of gravitational field E (the maximum possible
value), and the potential energy of the gravitational field in the front side of the mass (in motion),
at distance rm from the center of mass (at the mass surface) is equal to zero (minimum possible
value).
When the speed of the "medium mass" reaches the maximum value, Vmax, the potential
energy of the gravitational field in the back side and in the front side of the mass (in motion), at
the distance rm from the mass center (at the mass surface), reaches the extreme values
simultaneously:
Eps = E, Epf = 0,
m = mj,
Em* = Е/2,
Ei = Eps – Epf = Ev = mjV2max/2 = E = const,
Vmax = (2E/mj)1/2
= const,
Eps = E – Em* + Ev/2 = E, mjV2max/4 = Em*,
Vmax = 2(Em*/mj)1/2
= const,
Epf = E – Em* – Ev/2 = 0, mjV2max/4 = E – Em*,
Vmax = 2[(E – Em*)/mj]1/2
= const,
Vmax = 2[(E – Em*)/mj]1/2
= (2E/mj)1/2
= 2(Em*/mj)1/2
= const.
2. We calculate the maximum speed of mass motion by inertia energy of gravitational field,
Vmax, for the "small masses":
m < mj,
Em* > E/2.
If we increase the initial kinetic energy, we reach such a speed, that the potential energy of
gravitational field in the front side of the mass (in motion), at the distance rm from the mass
center (at the surface of mass), reaches the value zero, before the potential energy of
gravitational field in the back side of the mass (in motion), at distance rm from the mass center
(at the surface of mass), reaches the energy E of the gravitational field.
The speed, for which the potential energy of gravitational field in the front side of the mass
(from the "small masses" category, m ˂ mj), at the distance rm from the mass center (at the mass
surface), reaches the minimal possible value (zero), is named “Maximum Speed of Mass
Motion by Inertia Energy of Gravitation Field”, for the given mass, (Vmax).
Epf = E – Em* – Ev/2 = 0,
E – Em* = mV2max/4,
Vmax = 2[(E – Em*)/m]1/2
.
If we decrease the mass (from the "small masses" category, m ˂ mj), the energy of
gravitational field, which emerges from the mass, Em*, increases and tends to the energy of
gravitational field E, which enters in the mass:
m → 0,
Em* → E,
(E – Em*) → 0,
(E – Em*)/m → сonst,
Vmax = 2[(E – Em*)/m]1/2
→ с.
If the mass is decreasing and tends to 0, then the maximum speed of the mass motion by
inertia, Vmax , which can move the given mass by inertia energy of gravitational field (from the
"small masses" category) is increasing and tends to a constant value, which is named c.
3. We calculate the maximum speed of mass motion by inertia energy of gravitational field,
Vmax, for the "big masses":
m > mj,
Em* < E/2.
If we increase the initial kinetic energy, we get such a speed, that the potential energy of
gravitational field in the back side of the mass, at the distance rm from the center of mass (at the
mass surface), reaches the maximum possible value (the energy of gravitational field E), before
the potential energy of the gravitational field in the front side of the mass, at the distance rm from
the center of mass (at the mass surface), reaches the value zero.
The speed, for which the potential energy of gravitational field in the back side of the mass
(from the "big masses" category), at distance rm from the center of mass (at the mass surface),
reaches maximum value (the energy E of gravitational field), is named “Maximum Speed of
Mass Motion by Inertia Energy of Gravitation Field” for the given mass, (Vmax).
Eps = E – Em* + Ev/2 = E,
Em* = Ev/2 = mV2max/4,
Vmax = 2(Em*/m)1/2
.
If we increase the mass (from the "big masses" category), the energy of gravitational field,
which emerges from the mass, Em*, decreases and tends to zero and the maximum speed of the
mass motion by inertia also tends to zero:
m → mc,
Em* → 0,
Vmax = 2(Em*/m)1/2
→ 0.
When the mass reaches the critical mass, the energy of the gravitational field which
emerges from the critical mass is zero: Em* = 0.
The maximum speed of the mass motion by inertia energy of gravitational field, for the masses
equal or bigger than critical mass (m ≥ mc) is equal to zero:
Em* = 0, m ≥ mc
Vmax = 2(Em*/mс)1/2
= 0.
12. Acceleration
We will analyze two cases: 1) the mass m is located in a space without gravitational field.
2) the mass m is located in a space with gravitational field.
If the force F, acts upon the mass m, which is located in a space without gravitational field,
then the mass is moving at a speed directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional
to the mass:
F = zmV,
where z – is a coefficient of proportionality.
Suppose the mass m is located in a space with gravitational field and a force F acts upon it.
From the moment the force F appears (which created the initial velocity Vo), there also appears
the force of inertia Fi of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass and by the initial kinetic
energy of the mass), which moves the mass, at the speed Vo.
Let us imagine that the gravitational field can be considered to be a source of external
energy that acts upon the mass m with a force Fi, and the mass is situated in a space without
gravitational field, upon which the forces Fi and F act on it:
Fi = zmV0,
Fm = F + Fi,
Fm – is the sum of all forces which act upon the mass m.
As a result of the action of the external force F and of the inertia force Fi the mass reaches the
speed Vt.
Fm = zmVt = F + zmV0,
F = zm(Vt – V0).
If we assume that in the space with gravitational field z = t-1
then we can write:
F = ma, where a - is acceleration.
In the space with gravitational field the force creates acceleration.
In the space with a gravitational field, the acceleration, at which the mass moves, is directly
proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass. (Newton's second law of
motion).
13. Excessive Speed
Suppose there is a mass m in the space with gravitational field with energy E, which is
moving by inertia energy of gravitation field at a maximum speed, (Vmax), for the given mass:
1) For „small masses”, m < mj,
Vmax = 2[(E – Em*)/m]1/2
.
2) For „medium mass”, (m = mj),
Vmax = 2[(E – Em*)/mj]1/2
= (2E/mj)1/2
= 2(Em*/mj)1/2
= const.
3) For „big masses”, (m > mj),
Vmax = 2(Em*/m)1/2
.
If a force (F) acts, in the direction of motion, upon the mass which is moving at a speed
equals to the maximum speed of the mass motion by inertia for the given mass (Vmax), then the
mass will move at a higher speed than the maximum speed of the mass motion by inertia for the
given mass, but without acceleration: a = 0.
The difference between the speed of the moving mass (V), and the maximum speed of the
mass motion by inertia for the given mass (Vmax), is named “Excessive speed”:
Vex = V – Vmax.
The excessive speed (Vex) of the mass, which the mass is moving under the action of a
force F (in the gravitational field), is directly proportional to the force F and inversely
proportional to the mass m:
F = zmVex, where z – is a coefficient of proportionality.
If the force F that created the motion with excessive speed becomes equal to zero (F = 0),
then the excessive speed is also equal to zero (Vex = 0), and the speed of motion V is equal to
the maximum speed of the given mass (V = Vmax) and the mass continues the motion by inertia
energy of gravitational field, with the maximum speed (Vmax) for its mass.
F = 0, Vex = 0, V = Vmax
14. Force with which Gravitational Field compresses the Mass
Suppose we have two masses m1 and m2 in the gravitational field with energy E, located at
a distance r between their centers of mass. Each of masses distorts the gravitational field.
The gravitational field distorted by the mass m1 creates around the mass m1 a potential
energy directly proportional to the mass m1 and pointed toward its center of the mass.
The gravitational field distorted by the mass m2 creates around the mass m2 a potential
energy directly proportional to the mass m2 and pointed toward its center of mass.
The potential energy created by the gravitational field distorted by the mass m1, at the
distance r from the mass center, is directly proportional to the mass m1 and inversely
proportional to the distance r from the center of the mass m1:
Epm1 ~ m1/r.
The potential energy created by the gravitational field distorted by the mass m2 at the
distance r from the mass center, is directly proportional to mass m2 and inversely proportional to
distance r from the center of the mass m2:
Epm2 ~ m2/r.
The mass m1 is in a gravitational field distorted by the mass m2 with a potential energy in
the center of the mass m1 equal to Epm2 and pointed to the center of the mass m2.
The mass m2 is in a gravitational field distorted by the mass m1 with a potential energy in
the center of the mass m2 equal to Epm1 and pointed to the center of the mass m1.
The potential energy of the gravitational field distorted by the mass m1 and the mass m2
compresses the masses one to another with a force directly proportional to the multiplication of
potential energies created by the gravitational field distorted by the mass m1 and m2 at the
distance r between their centers of mass:
F ~ Epm1Epm2,
F ~ m1m2/r2.
Two masses m1 and m2, which are located in gravitational field at distance r between their
centers of mass, are compressed one to another by the potential energy of the gravitational field
(distorted by the mass m1 and mass m2), with a force directly proportional to the multiplication of
the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers of mass.
15. Evolution of Mass in Gravitational Field. Black Hole of Mass
At any point within the mass, at distance r from the center of mass, the sum of the potential
energy Ep of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass) and of the thermal energy of the mass
Et (received from the gravitational field at the mass penetration), is a constant value for the given
mass in the given region of the gravitational field:
Ep + Et = Е – Еm* = const, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm).
1. The masses are compressed by the potential energies of gravitational field (distorted by the
masses) to their common center of mass. This phenomenon is named Universal Compression of
Masses by Gravitational Field (distorted by the masses).
2. The part of the energy of gravitational field (that is, the part of gravitons, which gave their
energy to the mass) is converted into thermal energy of the mass. This phenomenon is named
Heating of Mass by Gravitational Field (during its penetration through the mass).
3. The gravitons, which gave up their energy to the mass and contributed to increasing of thermal
energy of mass and potential energy of gravitational field, remain in the mass, thus increasing the
amount of mass. The mass in the gravitational field is growing in size. This phenomenon is
named Growth of Mass by Gravitational Field (during its penetration through the mass).
Therefore mass is a conglomerate of gravitons in the state of rest, that is, those gravitons that
gave up to the mass their kinetic energy of motion and remained in mass.
4. Gravitational field moves the mass with inertia energy, equal to the initial kinetic energy of
the mass. This phenomenon is named Motion of Mass by Inertia Energy of Gravitational
Field (distorted by the mass and by initial kinetic energy of the mass).
5. The mass, which has received a rectilinear and rotation motion (the axis of rotation is
perpendicular to the vector of rectilinear speed), changes the volume of parts of the mass,
synchronously to the speed of rotation. This phenomenon is named "Flux and Reflux of Mass",
as a result of rectilinear and rotational motion of the mass (when the rotation axis is
perpendicular to the vector of rectilinear velocity).
The bigger the mass, the bigger the sum of the potential energy (Ep) of gravitational field
distorted by the mass and of thermal energy (Et) of the mass, received from the gravitational field
at mass penetration and the higher the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy
emitted by the mass.
The thermal energy of the mass propagates in the gravitational field, which is the medium
of propagation of the electromagnetic field.
At a certain quantity of mass, the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy
emitted by the mass coincides with the frequencies of the spectrum of the electromagnetic field,
perceived by the human eye.
The mass, which radiates thermal energy with the frequency of maximum of radiation of
thermal energy in the region of frequencies of the electromagnetic field perceived by the human
eye, is named star.
At the initial stage, the mass of the star emits thermal energy with frequency of the
maximum of radiation of thermal energy in the red region of the spectrum. This star is named
"Red Dwarf".
Thermal energy of mass of the star (received from the gravitational field at the mass
penetration), increases while increasing the mass of the star. The frequency of the maximum of
radiation of thermal energy emitted by the mass is moving in the yellow region of the spectrum
(this star is named „Yellow Dwarf”), then in the green region of the spectrum (this star is named
„White Dwarf”), then in the blue region of the spectrum (this star is named „Blue Dwarf”).
Further increase in mass leads to a further increase of thermal energy of mass (received
from the gravitational field during it passes through the mass) and the frequency of maximum of
radiation of thermal energy emitted by the mass, shifts to the ultraviolet region of spectrum.
These masses are not visible to the naked eye.
When the mass of the star reaches the critical mass (m = mс), the sum of the potential
energy Ер of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass) and of the thermal energy of the mass
Et (received from the gravitational field at the mass penetration) reaches the maximum possible
value, the energy E of gravitational field in the given region of the gravitational field:
m ≥ mс, Еm* = 0,
Ер + Еt = E, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm).
The potential energy of the gravitational field (distorted by the mass) at the mass surface,
for masses equal or bigger than the critical mass (m ≥ mc), reaches the maximum possible value,
equal to the energy E of the gravitational field in the given region of the gravitational field.
m ≥ mс, Еm* = 0, Ер + Еt = E, (0 ˂ r ≤ rm)
Ер = E, (r = rm).
At the increase of mass of star, the volume and the area of surface of the mass increase too.
If the volume of the mass increases n times the area of the mass surface increases only n2/3
times.
This means, that the gradient of increasing of volume of the mass is greater than the gradient of
increasing of surface area of the mass.
The energy of the gravitational field which enters the mass through its surface is
distributed in the whole volume of mass and is transformed into thermal energy of mass. The
thermal energy that each unit volume of mass received from the gravitational field decreases
with increasing the mass, because the gradient of increasing the volume of mass is greater than
the gradient of increasing the surface area of mass.
When the mass increases, the thermal energy emitted by a unit volume of mass decreases
(in the case where the mass is greater than critical mass: m ≥ mс). The frequency of the maximum
of radiation of thermal energy emitted by the mass is decreasing. At a certain quantity of mass
(greater than critical mass), the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy
emitted by the mass, again enters in the region of frequencies perceived by the human eye, but in
this case, from the high part of frequencies, that is, from violet region of the spectrum. This star
is named "Blue Giant".
A further increase of mass leads to a further reduction of the thermal energy emitted by
mass per unit of its volume and the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy
emitted by mass also decreases and shifts in the green region of the spectrum (such star is called
"White Giant"), then in the yellow region of the spectrum (such star is called "Yellow Giant"),
and then into the red region of the spectrum (such star is called "Red Giant").
With further increase in mass, the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal
energy emitted by the mass shifts from the red region of the spectrum, in the infrared region of
the spectrum, getting out from the region of frequencies perceived by the human eye. This mass
(star) is invisible to the human eye.
The mass, greater than critical mass, emitting in the gravitational field the thermal energy with
the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy in the region of frequencies lower
than the frequencies of the electromagnetic field perceived by human eye, is named "Black Hole
of Mass".
16. Black Hole of Gravitational Field. Darkness
Suppose we have a space without gravitational field, where there are different masses.
Among the masses that are situated in a space without gravitational field there does not exist
thermal interaction, because there does not exist the medium of propagation of the
electromagnetic field, because there does not exist gravitational field.
In the space without gravitational field there does not exist mechanical interaction between
the masses, because there does not exist the potential energy of the gravitational field, because
there does not exist gravitational field.
In the space without gravitational field there does not exist inertia energy of the
gravitational field, this means, there does not exist acceleration, because there does not exist
gravitational field.
In the space without gravitational field it is possible to move, but without inertia and
without acceleration. How long the force does acts, so long the mass moves at a speed directly
proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass:
F = zmV, where z – is a coefficient of proportionality.
The space without gravitational field is named "Black Hole of Gravitational Field" or
“Darkness”.
17. New Categories in “Physics ZMV” and a New Interpretation of Some Existing
Categories in the Classical Physics. Hypotheses
1. Graviton - is an elementary quantum of energy, when it is in the state of motion and an
indivisible particle of mass, when it is in the state of rest.
2. Mass – is a conglomerate of gravitons, which are in the state of rest.
3. Energy – is the gravitons in orientated motion.
4. Gravitational Field – is the space with the gravitons in chaotic motion, in which is conceived
and increased the mass.
5. Universe – is an infinite number of conglomerates of gravitons in the state of rest (that is, an
infinite number of masses), which is moving at different speed (depending on their masses), in
the space with gravitons in chaotic motion (that is, in a gravitational field).
6. Visible Stars (the stars of NR type) – they are the masses that radiate thermal energy with
the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy in the visible region of the
spectrum (NR means normal radiation).
7. Invisible Stars of HR type – they are the masses that radiate thermal energy with the
frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy in the region of frequencies higher
than the visible frequencies of the spectrum. (HR means high radiation).
8. Invisible Stars of LR type or Black Hole of Mass – they are the masses, greater than the
critical mass, which radiate thermal energy with the frequency of the maximum of radiation of
thermal energy in the region of frequencies lower than the visible frequencies of the spectrum.
(LR means low radiation).
9. Black Hole of Gravitational Field or Darkness – is a space without gravitational field.
Hypothesis 1
About the Existence of Anti-gravitons, Anti-gravitational Field and Anti-energy
From the reality of existence of anti-mass, it follows the existence of the indivisible particles of
anti-mass from which anti-mass is created. We name it anti-gravitons. From the reality of the
existence of anti-mass, created from anti-gravitons in state of rest, there results the reality of the
existence of anti-gravitons in the state of chaotic motion (where anti-mass is conceived and
growth), that is, the existence of the anti-gravitational field. The anti-gravitons in the orientated
motion are named anti-energy.
10. Anti-Graviton – is an elementary quantum of anti-energy, when it is in the state of motion
and an indivisible particle of the anti-mass, when it is in the state of rest.
11. Anti-Mass – is a conglomerate of anti-gravitons, which are in the state of rest.
12. Anti-Energy – is anti-gravitons in orientated motion.
13. Anti-Gravitational Field – is the space with the anti-gravitons in chaotic motion, in which
the anti-mass is conceived and growth.
14. Annihilation of Mass and Anti-Mass – is the mass and the anti-mass disintegration in their
initial components: the gravitons in orientated motion (that is the energy) and the anti-gravitons
in orientated motion (that is the anti-energy).
15. Anti-Universe – is an infinite number of conglomerates of anti-gravitons in the state of rest
(that is, an infinite amount of anti-masses), which are moving at different speeds (depending on
the size of anti-masses), in the space of anti-gravitons in the chaotic motion (that is, in anti-
gravitational field).
Hypothesis 2
About the Existence of Annihilation of Energy and of Anti-energy
The emitted energy during the mass and anti-mass annihilation is the orientated motion of
gravitons and the orientated motion of anti-gravitons.
In nature, there must be a reverse process of mass and anti-mass annihilation, that is,
should be the annihilation of energy and anti-energy, as a result of which the mass and the anti-
mass appears. The annihilation of energy and anti-energy, means, that the energy (that is, the
gravitons in the orientated motion), interacts with the anti-energy (that is, anti-gravitons in the
orientated motion) are transformed into the mass (that is, the gravitons in the state of rest) and
the anti-mass (that is, the anti-gravitons in the state of rest).
16. Annihilation of Energy and Anti-Energy – is the cease orientated motion of the gravitons
and anti-gravitons, as a result of which, there appears the mass (that is the gravitons in the state
of rest) and anti-mass (that is the anti-gravitons in the state of rest).
17. Mass – is Energy in the State of Rest. The mass is a conglomerate of gravitons in the state
of rest. In certain conditions, for example, at the annihilation of mass and anti-mass, the mass
transforms into energy, that is, into orientated motion of gravitons.
18. Anti-Mass – is Anti-Energy in the State of Rest. The anti-mass is a conglomerate of anti-
gravitons in the state of rest. In certain conditions, for example, at the annihilation of mass and
anti-mass, the anti-mass transforms into anti-energy, that is, into orientated motion of anti-
gravitons.
19. Energy – is the Mass in Orientated Motion. The energy - is the gravitons in orientated
motion. In certain conditions, gravitons in orientated motion lose their energy and converts back
into mass (the hypothesis of the energy and anti-energy annihilation).
20. Anti-Energy - is the Anti-Mass in Orientated Motion. The anti-energy - is the anti-
gravitons in orientated motion. In certain conditions, the anti-gravitons in orientated motion lose
their anti-energy and converts back into anti-mass (the hypothesis of the energy and anti-energy
annihilation).
Hypothesis 3
About the Existence of Deportation of Mass and Anti-mass
From the reality of the mass and anti-mass annihilation, follows the reality of existence of
energy and anti-energy annihilation.
In certain conditions, mass and anti-mass (that is, gravitons and anti-gravitons in the state
of rest) transforms into energy and anti-energy (that is, into orientated motion of gravitons and
orientated motion of anti-gravitons).
In certain conditions, energy and anti-energy (that is, the orientated motion of gravitons
and anti-gravitons) transforms into mass and anti-mass (that is, in gravitons and anti-gravitons in
the state of rest).
The transformation of the mass and anti-mass in energy and anti-energy in one place of the
space and the further conversion of the energy and anti-energy in the mass and anti-mass in
another place of the space is referred to as “deportation of mass and anti-mass” in the space.
21. Deportation of Mass and Anti-Mass in the Space - is the annihilation of the mass and anti-
mass in energy and anti-energy in one place of the space and the further annihilation of the
energy and anti-energy in the mass and anti-mass in another place of the space.
18. Conclusions
1. The Beginning of the Beginning is the gravitational field. It is formed of gravitons in a chaotic
movement.
2. Graviton - is an elementary quantum of energy, when it is in a state of motion and an
indivisible particle of mass, when it is in a state of rest.
3. Mass - is a conglomerate of gravitons in the state of rest, that is, those gravitons, which gave
to the mass their kinetic energy of motion.
4. Gravitational field exists independently of mass. The mass, created by gravitational field,
exists independently of the gravitational field.
5. Gravitational field is the medium of propagation of electromagnetic field.
6. Gravitational field is homogeneous in the space, where there are no masses (i.e. the masses are
at very great distance in comparison with their size). The potential energy of the
homogeneous gravitational field is equal to zero.
7. The amount of thermal energy of mass, received from the gravitational field at the mass
penetration is directly proportional to the mass. At a certain amount of mass, the frequency of
maximum of radiation of thermal energy emitted by the mass coincides with frequencies of
electromagnetic field perceived by human eye. Such masses are named stars.
8. The mass, greater than critical mass, emitting in the gravitational field the thermal energy with
the frequency of the maximum of radiation of thermal energy in the region of frequencies
lower than the frequencies of the electromagnetic field perceived by human eye, is named
"Black Hole of Mass".
9. Potential energy of the gravitational field inside the mass, at the distance r from the center of
mass, is directly proportional to the mass mr included inside the sphere of radius r and
inversely proportional to the radius r. The mass, which is not included inside the sphere of
radius r, does not distort the gravitational field inside sphere of radius r.
10. Inside the hollow body the gravitational field is homogeneous (undistorted by the mass of
hollow body). The potential energy of the gravitational field inside the hollow body is equal
to zero.
11. The energy of the gravitational field inside the hollow body is equal to the arithmetic average
between the energy of gravitational field, which enters and which emerges from the hollow
body.
12. At any point inside the mass, the sum of the potential energy Ep of the gravitational field
(distorted by the mass) and of the thermal energy Et of the mass (received from the
gravitational field at the mass penetration) is a constant value for the given mass in the given
region of the gravitational field. This constant is referred to as „Constant of Mass" in the
gravitational field: Е – Еm* = Ep + Et = const.
13. The constant value of the sum between the potential and thermal energy in any point within
the mass is named the "Law of Constant Sum".
14. The masses are not attracted to each other. The potential energies of the gravitational field
(distorted by masses) compress the masses. The compression of the masses by the
gravitational field (distorted by masses) is named "Universal Compression of Masses".
Universal Compression of Masses by Gravitational Field (distorted by masses) is the first
fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
15. The thermal energy of the mass (received from the gravitational field at the mass penetration)
heats the mass. This phenomenon is named “Heating of Mass” by gravitational field.
Heating of Mass by Gravitational Field (during its penetration through the mass) is the
second fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
16. That part of gravitons, which gave up their energy to the mass (Е – Еm*) and contributed to
the creation of the potential energy Ep of the gravitational field and the thermal energy of
mass Et, remains in the mass and increases the amount of the mass. This phenomenon is
named „Growth of Mass” by the gravitational field.
Growth of Mass by Gravitational Field (during its penetration through the mass) is the
third fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
17. The mass, which received initial kinetic energy, further is moving by gravitational field
(distorted by the mass and by the initial kinetic energy of the mass), with energy of inertia,
equal (in value and direction) with the initial kinetic energy. This phenomenon is named
“Motion of Mass by Inertia Energy of Gravitational Field”.
Motion of Mass by Inertia Energy of Gravitational Field (distorted by the mass and by
initial kinetic energy of mass) is the fourth fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
The mass cannot move by inertia faster, then the maximum speed, which corresponds to the
given mass.
18. The mass that has received a rectilinear and rotation motion, the axis of rotation is
perpendicular to the vector of rectilinear speed, changes the volume of the parts of mass,
synchronously to the rotation motion. This phenomenon is named "Flux and Reflux of
Mass".
Flux and Reflux of Mass, as a result of rectilinear and rotational motion of the mass (when
the rotation axis is perpendicular to the vector of rectilinear velocity), is the fifth
fundamental law of Physics ZMV.
19. The mass is not a function of its speed. The inertia energy of the gravitational field depends
on the speed of mass.
20. If the speed of the mass is less than the maximum inertia speed for the given mass, then
inertia energy of gravitational field for the given mass is directly proportional to the square
speed of mass. The mass moves with acceleration directly proportional to the force and
inversely proportional to the mass. F = ma, (V ≤ Vmax).
21. If the speed of the mass is higher, than maximum inertia speed for the given mass, then
inertia energy of gravitational field is a constant value for the given mass. The mass moves
with excessive speed Vex directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the
mass, without acceleration. F = zmVex, (V ≥ Vmax).
22. If the force F that created the motion with excessive speed becomes equal to zero (F = 0),
then the excessive speed is also equal to zero (Vex = 0), and the speed of motion V is
equal to the maximum speed for the given mass (V = Vmax) and the mass continues the
motion with the maximum speed for its mass, due to the inertia energy of the gravitational
field.
23. In the space without gravitational field the mass moves at a speed directly proportional to the
force and inversely proportional to the mass: F = zmV. The space without gravitational field
is named "Black hole of gravitational field" or “Darkness”.
R E F E R E N C E S
1. Антонов В.М. Физика. Русский вариант. Учебник 1 - Метрика / В.M Антонов. -
WWW.Antonov.314159.ru – Антонов В.М, 2008.
2. Гришаев А.А. Организация тяготения в „цифровом” физическом мире / A.A. Гришаев //
Фундаментальные проблемы естествознания и техники Серия : Проблемы
исследования Вселенной. - 2010. - T. 34, №.1. - С. 165.
3. Zastavnițchi, M. V. Fizica ZMV / Mihail Vasile Zastavnițchi. - Chișinău : Editor Ericon,
2013. - 42 p. ISBN 978-9975-4360-8-3
4. Zastavnițchi M. V. Fizica ZMV / Mihail Vasile Zastavnițchi. - București : Editor Agro
Tehnica, 2014. - 37 p. ISBN 978-606-8135-00-7
5. Zastavnitchi M. V. Physics ZMV / Mihail Vasile Zastavnitchi. - Bucharest : Agro Tehnica,
2014. - 36 p. ISBN 978-606-8135-01-4
6. Заставницкий М.В. Физика ZMV / М.В Заставницкий. - Chișinău : Editor Tipocart Print,
2014. - 42 p. ISBN 978-9975-4263-9-8.
7. Заставницкий М.В. Физика ZMV / М.В Заставницкий // Фундаментальные проблемы
естествознания и техники. Серия: Проблемы исследования Вселенной. - 2014. -
Т.36. №2. - C. 27-49. ISSN 2304-0300
8. Zastavnitchi M.V. Physics ZMV / Mihail Vasile Zastavnitchi // Fundamental problems in
natural sciences and engineering. Series: Problems of research of the Universe. - 2014. -
Vol.36. №2. - P.51-72. ISSN 2304-0300
9. Zastavnițchi M.V. Fizica ZMV / Mihail Vasile Zastavnițchi. – Chișinău : Editor Tipocart
Print, 2014. - 37 p. ISBN 978-9975-4263-7-4
10. Zastavnitchi M.V. Physics ZMV / Mihail Vasile Zastavnitchi. – Chisinau : Editor Tipocart
Print, 2014. – 39 p. ISBN 978-9975-4263-8-1
11. Заставницкий М.В. Физика ZMV. Основы новой физики. / М.В Заставницкий. -
Кишинёв : Editor Tipocart Print, 2016. - 42 p. ISBN 978-9975-133-23-4.
12. Zastavnițchi, M. V. Fizica ZMV. Bazele fizicii noi / Mihail Vasile Zastavnițchi. - Chișinău :
Editor Tipocart Print, 2016. - 40 p. ISBN 978-9975-133-20-3
13. Заставницкий М.В. Физика ZMV / М.В Заставницкий // Фундаментальные проблемы
естествознания и техники. Серия: Проблемы исследования Вселенной. Санкт-
Петербург - 2016. - Т.37. №1. - C. 202-231. ISSN 2304-0300.
http://scicom.ru/congress-2016/congress-2016-materials/424-zastavnickij-mv-fizika-zmv-
osnovy-novoj-fiziki
14. Zastavnitchi M.V. Physics ZMV / Mihail Vasile Zastavnitchi // Fundamental problems in
natural sciences and engineering. Series: Problems of research of the Universe. Saint-
Petersburg - 2016. - Vol.37. №1. - P.232-260. ISSN 2304-0300.
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