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PHYSIOLOGICAL APPARATUS Daos, Czarina
2GPH
BATTERY •-source of current •-Binding Posts (- & +) – where connecting wires are attached •Types of Current: 1. Direct/ Galvanic/ Constant 2. Induced/ Faradic/ Pulsating •Types of battery: 1. Dry 2. wet
SIMPLE KEY •switch •-Binding Posts (- & +) – where connecting wires are attached •Types : 1. New simple key-uses metal or
fibre glass as its base 2. Old simple key-uses wood as its
base •Parts: 1. Binding posts– where
connecting wires are attached 2. Contact metal- produces the
make or brake current
OLD SIMPLE KEY
NEW SIMPLE KEY
KYMOGRAPH •Apparatus for recording a) Physiological function (muscle
contraction) b) Daily Temperature changes c) Variations in water level •Types : 1. Spring driven kymograph 2. Electrically driven kymograph •Parts: a) Drum b) Shaft c) Plunger d) Base e) Kymograph paper
SPRING DRIVEN KYMOGRAPH •Smoke writing •Control: Variable Sized Fan (smaller fan= faster)
•Because there is lesser air resistance to encounter
•Smokey f lame: kerosene/ gum camphor
•Properly smoked are evenly and thinly covered w/ soot
•Fixative used: Shellac
ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN KYMOGRAPH •Preferred for long recording time anticipated •Control: Five motor control gear shift •More desirable
•Because it runs continuously and does not Require rewinding
KYMOGRAPH PAPER
•The exposed portion of the paper is the glazed portion •Its edges must be overlapping opposite on the direction of its turn
INDUCTORIUM •For controlling/ regulating the amt. of current that f lows in the circuit •Types: a) Long Inductorium b) Short/ Square
Inductorium • BOTH possessing 5
binding posts (3 Primary & 2
secondary)
Pt. of differnce Short Inductorium Long Inductorium
Calibration 1 - 10 1 – 22
Max. flow of
current 10 1
Single stimulus/
shock bp or A & B bp or A & C
Tetanizing series/
multiple/ repetitive
stimuli or shock
bp A & C bp A& B
INDUCTORIUM
SHORT/ SQUAREINDUCTORIUM
LONG INDUCTORIUM
ELECTRIC ST IMULATOR/ ELECTRIC CONVERTER •Alternative source of current •Current can be adjusted (3V- 12V) •Pre-setting to 9 NO ELETRICUTION •Used in place of: 1) Battery 2) Simple key 3) Inductorium NEVER let both ends to touch, it can cause a short circuit
SIGNAL MAGNET •Event marker •Records the time in seconds and the type of stimulus applied •Parts a) Electromagnet b) Writing pen c) Binding posts •Types: a) New b) Old
OLD SIGNAL MAGNET •Has 2 binding posts at the top
NEW SIGANL MAGNET •2 binding posts at its end part
2 Binding Posts
MUSCLE LEVER •Records the contraction of the muscle •2nd circuit •Types: a) Old b) New
OLD MUSCLE LEVER •After loading screw- controls the direction/ position of the writing pen •Writing pen- is made of hard parchment paper •Binding post is at the side
Writing Pen
After loading screw
NEW MUSCLE LEVER •Has 2 binding posts •Has 2 holes: 1) Before the bp – where the
writing pen’s holder is attached
2) After the bp- where a strong thread/ wire is attached to the gastrocrenious muscle
MUSCLE CLAMP •Used to hold the muscle in place •Has a bp Muscle contracts
Muscle relaxes
TUNING FORK •Records the time duration of muscle contraction •Creates 100 vibration/ second •Writing pen is attached to one of the prongs NOT an ELECTRICAL apparatus
PNEUMOGRAPH & TAMBOUR •Records the changes in the size of an object (i.e rib cage/ thoracic cage)
PNEUMOGRAPH •Rubber pleated tube & •Chain/ metal chain
Photo by: Catap, Maria
TAMBOUR •Bowl – shallow depression inside •Rubber sheet- covers the bowl; made up of Latex (a) •Tight fitting ring- secures the rubber sheet (b)
(a)
(b)
RUBBER MALLET/ REFLEX HAMMER •To study experiments on ref lexes •To test the integrity of the spinal cord in the lower back region
Used in the Joints
The (Pointed) end part hidden
Is used for checking sensitivity
STETHOSCOPE •Ear piece •Rubber tube connector •Chest pieces: 1) Shallow bell- with the
depression; detecting low frequency sounds
2) Stiff diaphragm- detects the high frequency sounds
EARPIECE
RUBBER
TUBE
Stiff diaphragm Shallow Bell
SPHYGMOMANOMETER •Measure the Blood Pressure (110-120/ 80) •Types: 1. Mercurial
sphygmomanometer 2. Aneroid sphygmomanometer 3. Digital sphygmomanometer
MERCURIAL SPHYGMOMANOMETER •MOST RELIABLE •Phased out due to the mercury content (very hard to store & dispose) •Mercury chamber /cylinder •Aspirator •Pressure cuff/ rubber cuff (ante cubital fossa)
ANEROID SPHYGMOMANOMETER •VERY SENSITIVE •Uses Dial
DIGITAL SPHYGMOMANOMETER •Too Expensive •Unreliable
SPYROMETER •Records diff. pulmonary vol & capacity •Calibration: up to 6 L( 100mL or 0.1L) •Recording in mL •Drum- placed inverted position in water