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Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

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Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle. Choesnan Effendi Physiology Dep. Airlangga University 2012. ILMU FAAL = Physiology. Fisiologi Sel, Cair Tubuh, Sel Eksitabel & Otot. Ilmu FAAL / Physiology. Ilmu yang mempelajari : Fungsi organ-organ tubuh - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle Choesnan Effendi Physiology Dep. Airlangga University 2012
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Page 1: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable

tissue & Muscle

Choesnan EffendiPhysiology Dep. Airlangga University

2012

Page 2: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

ILMU FAAL = Physiology

Fisiologi Sel, Cair Tubuh,

Sel Eksitabel & Otot

Page 3: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Ilmu yang mempelajari :

• Fungsi organ-organ tubuh

• Hubungan & keterkaitan tiap organ

• Aktifitas suatu sel & fungsi organella yang ada : Fisiolgi sellular

• Peranan molekul-molekul yang ada terhadap fungsi sel : Fisiologi molekuler

Ilmu FAAL / Physiology

Page 4: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Contoh :

* Fungsi Jantung : memompa darah

Bagaimana jantung dapat memompa darah ?

O. k. Jantung mempunyai otot jantung yang dapat berkontraksi

Bagaimana dapat berkontraksi

o. k. mengandung actin & myosin

Page 5: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Mengapa actin & myosin dapat berkontraksi

O. k. diaktivkan oleh ion Calsium

Bagaimana ion Calsium dapat mengaktivkan actin & myosin ?

Pertanyaan ini terus berlanjut, yang jawabannya hanya dapat dijelaskan secara

molekular

Page 6: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Para ahli molekular medis, malah bukan dokter, YAITU ahli

BIOMOLEKULAR

Ilmu Molekular tersebut dimanfaatkan

Oleh ahli Farmasi

Sehingga ditemukan obat yang menghambat masuknya ion Calsium

kedalam sel otot Jantung

Yang disebut Calcium blocker

digunakan untuk ANTI-HYPERTENSI

Page 7: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Episode Pertama

Page 8: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Buku Acuan :1. Review of Med. Physiology by W.F. Ganong – 2005

2. Text Book of Med Physiology by Guyton and Hall – 2006

3. Human Physiology From Cells to System by Sherwood L. – 2004

4. Buku Panduan : Faal Sel, Cair tubuh dan Sel Eksitabel & OTOT. Ch. Effendi , K. P.Santoso & Bambang P. – 2009

Page 9: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Episode Pertama /

First Episode

Fungsi Sel, Organella & Transduksi sinyal

Function of Cell, Organelles, Cell Junction & Signal Transduction

Page 10: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Fungsi Sel & Organella

Membran selMembran sel ER : granula & nongranulaER : granula & nongranula RbRb Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus LysosomeLysosome NucleusNucleus

Review of Cellular biology

Page 11: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Transduksi signal

Transduksi signal :- Metabotropic- Ionotropic- Gprotein receptor

Page 12: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 13: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 14: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 15: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Fungsi membran sel :

PhospholipidsDouble layers

Bentuk

Proteksi

Seleksi bahan : Semi – permeabel

Tempat reseptor, ion channels

Page 16: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 17: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Reseptor

Secara umum berarti penerima rangsang (RGS)

Tetapi secara BIOMOLEKULAR ADALAH STRUKTUR KHUSUS bagian suatu sel :

- Dapat di membran

- di sitosol

- di membran organella / nucleus

Page 18: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 19: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Membran sel :

ReceptorReceptor

metabotropic Ionotropic

Terbentuknya senyawa kimia /

Mengaktifkan suatu senyawa kimia lain

Pengaruh terhadap Saluran ion

Page 20: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Metabotropic

Membran sel

Receptor

2nd Messenger

1st Messenger

Sitosol

Page 21: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

1st ( First ) Messenger

• Hormon

• Sitokin

• Bahan asing

• Obat

• Bahan humoral ( substan yang

beredar didalam darah )

Page 22: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

2nd ( second ) Messenger

•IP3 ( Inositol Triphosphate )

• cAMP

• cGMP ( cyclic Guanosine monophosphate )

• Ca2+

• DAG ( Diacylglycerol )

Page 23: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

cAMP is 2nd messenger

Metabotropic

Membran sel

Receptor

cAMP

Adrenalin

Sitosol

Page 24: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Receptor - cellular

• membran sel

• sitoplasma

• membran organella

Dapat di

Page 25: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Ionotr

opic

Signal m

olecule : Adrenalin

(epinephrine)

Page 26: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Fungsi Organella

Terdapat di sitoplasma / sitosol

Mempunyai struktur & fungsi

yang spesifik

Pusat pengendalian adalah

DNA yang terdapat didalam Nucleus

DNA, transkripsi & translasi akan dijelaskan di Kuliah GENETIKA

Page 27: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 28: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) , ada 2 macam :

Granular ER ( Rough ER = ER kasar )

Smooth atau Agranular ER ( ER halus ). Granula tersebut adalah ribosom

Page 29: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Granular ER : sintesa protein / polipeptida.

ER halus : sintesa lemak / steroid / detoxikasi

ER pada otot rangka dan jantung diberi

nama sarcoplasmic reticulum ( SR ) JUGA berfungsi :

Konduksi impuls / potensial aksi

Page 30: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Golgi apparatus ( GA) = Golgi complex :

Fs : GA erat hubungannya dgn ER, dalam rangka proses sintesa protein. Mengemas protein / polipeptida yang

dihasilkan ERMucus atau lendir yang terdapat

dipermukaan suatu sel berasal dari sekresi GA

Page 31: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 32: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Ribosom ( Rb ) :

Rb bebas maupun yang menempel di ER penting

untuk sintesa protein

Page 33: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Lysosomes ( LS ) :

Bentuk vesikular, banyak tersebar di sitosol.

Fs : digestif ( pencernaan ) intraselluler ; mencerna bakteri, protein asing maupun partikel-

partikel asing. LS banyak terdapat di leukosit

neutrophil, macrophage .

Page 34: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

disebut juga power house , O.K. fungsinya sebagai tempat produksi

energi secara erobik . Banyak mengandung enzim-enzim

untuk glikolisis & lipolisis, yang terdapat didindingnya maupun di matrix.

O.K. mengandung DNA : MT dpt replikasi sendiri

Mitochondrion

( plural : mitochondria )

Page 35: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 36: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

NUCLEUS

Page 37: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 38: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 39: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Chromosome human :

23 pasang

( diploid ) ;

22 ps : Autosomal chr

+1 ps – Sex chr

Page 40: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Chromosome human :

Terdapat di tiap SEL :

23 pasang ( diploid ) = 46

Apakah ada

Sel yang tidak mempunyai CHROMOSOME ?

Apakah ada

Sel yang mempunyai CHROMOSOME hanya 23

Page 41: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Sintesa

Protein / Polipeptida

Tahapan :

•Transkripsi oleh DNA untuk membentuk rRNA, mRNA & tRNA

•Dikirim ke sitosol melewati nuclear pores

•Sintesa terjadi di Ribosom ( Rb )

Page 42: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Sintesa Protein

t RNA m RNABawa a. amino – a. amino

r RNA Rb

Penyusunan a.a. sesuai urutan yg ditentukan oleh kode genetik yg dibawa mRNA

Bawa kode genetik urutan a.a.

Page 43: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

mRNA :

Dari transkripsi

DNA

Berisi urutanAsam amino

Untuk sintesa

POLIPEPTIDA

Keluar dari nucleus melalui nuclear pore

Page 44: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle
Page 45: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

tRNA :

Membawa asam amino

Page 46: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

t-RNA : membawa asam amino ( a.a. )

m-RNA : membawa kode genetik urutan a.a.

r-RNA : tempat penyusunan urutan a.a. untuk membentuk polipeptida / protein

Page 47: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Signal transduction :

Pesan / RGS / Bahan / Hormon / Cytokine / Zat : First messenger

RECEPTOR membran sel / organella / sitoplasma

Substant : Second messenger

Page 48: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Rangsang ( RGS ) / Stimulus :

1.Mekanis

2.Kimiawi

3.Thermis

4.Elektris

5.Cahaya ( gelombang elektromagnetis )

6.Gelombang suara

Page 49: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Membran sel

Receptor

2nd Messenger

1st Messenger

Sitosol

Page 50: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Protein receptor /G-protein

RGS

G - subunit

IP3

cAMP

DAG cGMP

Page 51: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Stimulus / Rangsangan : suatu substan disebut first messenger ; a.l. hormon, sitokin, bahan asing, obat-

obatan, humoral factor

Receptor

Ca2+

Ca2+

X

Calmodulin

+ Complex

ER

Page 52: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Ion Ca2+ sebagai second messenger

Selanjutnya membuat complex dengan Calmodulin

Kemudian merangsang kontraksi otot polos

Page 53: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Signal transduction :

Yang menghasilkan

2nd messenger

( cAMP )

Page 54: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Reseptor : G-Protein

intra sel / sitosol / sitoplasma

membran sel

luar sel / ekstrasellular

Mengaktifkan enzim adenylyl cyclase

Adenylyl cyclase

Zat X

Stimulus / rangsangan

Page 55: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

AMPPhosphodiesterase

ATP cAMP

Adenylyl cyclase

Page 56: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Second messenger

Berperanan fisiologis terhadap fungsi didalam sel

Contoh :

cAMP

IP3

Kontraksi antara

actin & myosin

Otot polos

Saluran ion Ca

Terbuka di ER

Page 57: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Transduksi signal

Yang mengakibatkan terbukanya saluran ion

Page 58: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Ionotr

opic

Page 59: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Cholinergic receptor –

nicotinic type

Page 60: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Acetylcholine binding site

Cholinergic receptor – nicotinic type

Page 61: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Stimulus

Na+ channel opened

Na+Na+ channel

closed

Membrane

Cell

Ion channel

Page 62: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

RESUME

• Fungsi membran sel

• Fungsi organella : ER , Mitochondria

• Funsi Nucleus

• Sintesa protein

Page 63: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

• Transduksi signal

• 1st messenger

• 2nd messenger

• Receptor yang bersifat :

- Metabotropic

- Ionotropic

Page 64: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

To Be Continued

Page 65: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Yang dapat berperanan sebagai 1st messenger adalah :

A. Albumin

B. Insulin

C. cAMP

D. Adenylyl cyclase

D. Ion Ca2+

Contoh Soal :

Page 66: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Yang dapat berperanan sebagai 2nd messenger adalah :

A. Albumin

B. Insulin

C. cAMP

D. Adenylyl cyclase

D. G-protein receptor

Contoh Soal :

Page 67: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Struktur utama yang membentuk plasma membran adalah :

A. Polisaccharida

B. Polipeptida

C. Glikoprotein

D. Phospholipid

E. Protein.

Page 68: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Fungsi Mitochondria adalah :

A. Tempat sintesa cAMP

B. Tempat sintesa ATP

C. Tempat sintesa hormon

D. Tempat replikasi RNA

E. Tempat detoksikasi waste product

Page 69: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

Sintesa polipeptida dapat dilakukan di sitoplasma maupun di

plasma darah

Sintesa polipeptida berasal dari polimerisasi asam amino

Sebab

Page 70: Physiology of Cell, Body Fluids, Excitable tissue & Muscle

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