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Physiology of Human S exual Response

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Physiology of Human S exual Response . Dr.Mohammed Sharique Ahmed Quadri Assistant professor physiology Al M aarefa College. Components of Male S exual A ct . Coitus or copulation Male sex act involves two components - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Physiology of Human Sexual Response Dr.Mohammed Sharique Ahmed Quadri Assistant professor physiology Al Maarefa College م ي ح ر ل ا ن م ح ر ل ه ا ل ل م ا س ب1
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Page 1: Physiology of Human  S exual Response

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Physiology of Human Sexual Response

Dr.Mohammed Sharique Ahmed QuadriAssistant professor physiology

Al Maarefa College

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Page 2: Physiology of Human  S exual Response

Components of Male Sexual Act

• Coitus or copulation

• Male sex act involves two components

– Erection: Hardening (increase in length and width)of normally flaccid penis, as result of increase blood flow in “erectile tissue” of penis.

– Ejaculation : forceful expulsion of semen into the urethra and out of the penis

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Sexual Response Cycle in males • Sexual response is divided into four phases – Excitement phase(Arousal).• Initiated by either physical or psychological stimuli• Heightened sexual awareness.• Vasocongestion(engorgement of sexual organs)-

includes erection

– Plateau phase:• Includes intensification of earlier responses • Characterized by steadily increasing heart rate,

blood pressure, respiratory rate, and Myotonia (increase muscle tone).

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Sexual Response Cycle in males

– Orgasmic phase• Includes ejaculation, Rhythmic throbbing of

pelvic muscles• All generalized body responses reaches to peak– Heavy breathing – Heart rate upto 180 beats / min–Marked generalized skeletal muscle contraction– Heightened emotions

• These responses that are collectively experienced as intense physical pleasure( feeling of release) an experience known as orgasm.

Page 5: Physiology of Human  S exual Response

Sexual Response Cycle in males

–Resolution phaseReturn of genitalia and body systems to prearousal state• Erection subside(decrease blood flow to penis)• Deep relaxation ( may feel fatigue)• Muscle tone returns to normal • Cardiovascular and respiratory activity returns

to prearousal state.Following orgasm men enters refractory period of variable duration before sexual erection can produce another excitation.

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Sexual Response Cycle in Females • Female sexual cycle is similar to male cycle• Also experience same four phases of the sexual cycle– Excitement:• Initiated by either physical or psychological stimuli• Parasympathetically induced vasodilation of

arterioles in vagina & external genitelia( specially clitoris), that results in– Swelling of labia and erection of clitoris (bulbs engorge with

blood)– Secretion of fluid in vagina (act as a lubricant)

• Erection of nipples & enlargement of breast as a result of vasocongetion.• Flushing ( increased blood flow through skin)

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Erectile tissue in females

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Sexual Response Cycle in Females

– Plateau:• Changes initiated during excitement phase intensify• Systemic responses similar to those in male occur

– Increase heart rate– Increase respiratory rate – Increase muscle tension

• Vasocongetion of lower third of vagina reduces its inner capacity• Uterus raises upwards-enlarging upper two third of

vagina(creates space for ejaculate deposition).

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Sexual Response Cycle in Females – Orgasm:• Sympathetic stimulation triggers rhythmic contraction

of pelvic muscle • More intense contraction of lower two third of vagina • Systemic responses similar to that of male orgasm• Experience in females is similar to that in males

except– No female counterpart to ejaculation– Do not become refractory following an orgasm

( multiple orgasm possible)– Resolution • Pelvic vasocongestion and systemic

manifestations gradually subside• Time of great physical relaxation

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Erection of Penis • Accompanied by engorgement of erectile tissue with

blood• Erectile tissue(cords of sponglikevascular spaces) :– Corpora cavernosa: two paired on dorsal side– Corpus spongiosum: one on ventral side

• During sexual arousal, these arterioles reflex dilate- erectile tissue fills with blood- penis to enlarge both in length and width and to become more rigid.

• Veins that drain the erectile tissue are mechanically compressed –reducing venous outflow and thereby contributing even further to vasocongestion.

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Erectile tissue in Males

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Erection reflex

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Role of Nitric Oxide in Penile Erection

Vasodilatation and vascular engorgement

Phosphodiesterase 5

sildenafil

Parasympathetic stimulation

NO release from vascular endothelium

Acivates Guanylate cyclase

Relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscles

Activates cGMPbreaks down

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Ejaculation

• Also a spinal reflex• Stimulated by sympathetic nervous system • Occurs in two phases:– Emission– Expulsion

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Ejaculation – Emission: • Movement of semen into the urethra.• Sympathetic impulses cause sequential

contraction of smooth muscles in the prostate, reproductive ducts, and seminal vesicles. • This contractile activity delivers semen into the

urethra. • During this time, the sphincter at the neck of

the bladder is tightly closed to prevent semen from entering the bladder and urine from

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Ejaculation • Expulsion :– Forcible expulsion of semen from the urethra out

of the penis– Filling of urethra with semen activates rhythmic

contraction of muscle at the base of penis- forcibly expelling semen out of urethra.

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Erectile Dysfunction(impotence) • Repeated inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for

sexual intercourse• Causes : • Damage to nerve arteries or smooth muscles

– as a result of disease e.g. Diabetes, kidney disease, chronic alcoholism, multiple sclerosis

– Damage resulting from surgerye.ge prostate and bladder surgeries • Medicines:

– Many antihypertensive, antidepressants, cimetidine• Psychological factors:

– Stress, anxiety, , depression, fear of sexual failureTreatment :

Sildenafil citrategene therapy is now being tested

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References

• Human physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, seventh edition

• Text book physiology by Guyton &Hall,11th edition

• Text book of physiology by Linda .s contanzo,third edition


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