PHYTOMEDICINE AND AYURVEDA

VAIDYA ANIRUDDHA S. KULKARNISHREE ATMARAJ AYURVEDEEYA CHIKITSALAYA,

SHANIWAR PETH, MIRAJ.

INTRODUCTION

IN PAST DECADE A TREMENDOUS RESURGENECE IN THE INTEREST AND USE OF MEDICINAL PLANT PRODUCTS IS SEEN

BOOST DUE TO MEDIA COVERAGE AND ENTRANCE OF SEVERAL MAJOR PHARMA COMPANIES

NEUTRACUTICALS AND PHYTOMEDICINES

FOCUS AREAS OF RESEARCH

PHYTOCHEMISTRY-IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVE PRINCIPLES

PHARMACOGNOSY-ASSAYS OF BIOACTIVITY, IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL MODES OF ACTION, TARGET SITES FOR ACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

HORTICULTURE-DEVELOPING THE CAPACITY FOR OPTIMAL GROWTH

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

PRIMARY PRODUCTS

CARBOHYDRATES

LIPIDS

PROTEINS

CHLOROPHYLL

NUCLEIC ACID

SECONDARY PRODUCTS

ALKALOIDS

POLYPHENOL

TERPENOIDS

GLYCOSIDES

SYNERGISTIC ACTION

THE BENEFITS OF PHYTOMEDICINES OFTEN RESULT FROM SYNERGISTIC ACTIONS OF MULTIPLE ACTIVE CHEMICALS

IT IS BENEFICIAL BY ELIMINATING THE BAD SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PREDOMINANCE OF A SINGLE XENOBIOTIC COMPOUND IN THE BODY

THESE CAN BE PRODUCED IF THE CONSTITUENTS OF AN EXTRACT AFFECT DIFFERENT TARGETS OR INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER TO IMPROVE SOLUBILITY AND THEREBY ENHANCE THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF ONE OR SEVERAL SUBSTANCES OF AN EXTRACT

PHYTOMEDICINE

PHYTOMEDICINE IS MODERN AND SCIENCE BASED HERBAL MEDICINE

QUALIFIED PHYTOTHERAPISTS USE HERBS TO TREAT THE DISEASES

THE METHODS USED TO EVALUATE PLANT BASED MEDICINES ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE USED BY ORTHODOX MEDICINE

THEY ARE SAFE FOR MANY CONDITIONS

PHYTOTHERAPISTS CONDUCT INDIVIDUAL CONSULTATION AND THEN DISPENSE A MEDICINE. IT DOES NOT USE ANY OTHER THERAPIES LIKE ACCUPUNCTURE, PANCHKARMA ETC.

PHARMACOGNOSY IS AT THE HEART OF PHYTOMEDICINE

WELL KNOWN ACTIVE PRINCIPLES DERIVED FROM PLANTS

SHIKIMIC ACID FROM ANIS SEED

TAXUS BREVIFOLIA IS THE ACTIVE CONSTITUENT OF TAXOL

MORPHINE FROM OPIUM POPPY

QUININE FROM CINCHONA BARK

SALICIN FROM WILLOW BARK KNOWN AS ASPIRIN

ATROPINE FROM BELLADONA

STRYCHNINE FROM STRYCHHNOS

DIGOXIN FROM FOXGLOVE

AYURVEDA

ANCIENT MEDICAL SCIENCE OF INDIA

SCIENCE OF LIFE – PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE ASPECTS

ABUNDANT MENTIONS, STUDIES AND USES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN ALL DISEASES

HUMAN BEING IS MADE UP OF SAME CONSTITUENTS AS THE NATURE. SO, THEY BOTH INFLUENCE EACH OTHER.

PLANTS ARE USED FOR NUTRITIONAL AS WELL AS MEDICINAL PURPOSE

PLANT DESCRIPTION BY AYURVEDA

MORPHOLOGICAL

PHYSIOLOGICAL

MEDICINAL

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF PLANTS

RASA (TASTE) – SWEET, SOUR, SALTY, PUNGENT,

BITTER AND ASTRINGENT

VEERYA (POTENCY) – COLD AND HOT

VIPAKA (TASTE AFTER DIGESTION) – SWEET, SOUR AND

PUNGENT

PRABHAVA (UNIQUE AND SPECIFIC

ACTIONS)

TREATMENT IS NOTHING BUT

RESTORATION OF DERANGED BODY

ELEMENTS – ANATOMICALLY AND

PHYSIOLOGICALLY

SPECIFIC PARTS OF PLANTS SPECIES

AERIAL PARTS

LEAF

FLOWER

FRUITBARK

ROOT

RHIZOME

EXTRACTION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS

MAINLY USE ALCOHOL TO EXTRACT THE PLANT’S ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM DRY OR FRESH PLANTS

ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS ARE PREPARED BY MACERATION AND/OR PERCOLATION

MOST PHYTOMEDICINES ARE PRESCRIBED AS ALCOHOLIC TINCTURES, TAKEN TWICE DAILY WITH A DOSE OF 15 ML EACH TIME

ROLE OF PHYTOMEDICINES

UNIQUE INDIVIDUAL DIAGNOSIS IS MUST BEFORE DECIDING THE APPROPRIATE DRUGS

THEY STIMULATE OR STRENGTHEN THE BODY’S OWN FUNCTIONS AND IMMUNE SYSTEM, HENCE SUPPORT THE BODY TO RESTORE ITSELF TO HEALTH

PHYTOMEDICINE CONSULTATION

ASSESSMENT OF THE PERSON AS A WHOLE

DETAILED MEDICAL HISTORY, LIFESTYLE, DIET, OTHER CAUSES ARE CONSIDERED RATHER THAN FOCUSING ON DISEASE OR SYMPTOMS

REQUIRED INVESTIGATIONS ARE DONE

STANDERDISATIONIDENTIFICATION – BASIS OF PART USED/SYNONYM/LOCATION OF EXISTENT/TIME OF THE YEAR/ TASTE/ ODOUR/ COLOUR/ ACTION/ USE

COLLECTION AND STORAGE – MAHABHUTA PREDOMINANT TERAIN/ NORTH DIRECTION

STEMS AND LEAVES- VARSHA AND VASANTRITU

ROOT – GRISHMA AND SHISHIR

BARK/SKIN – SHARAD

FLOWERS/FRUITS – ACCORDINGLY

STORE PROPERLY

QUALITY

DEPENDS ON SPECIES, COLLECTION AND STORAGE

IN MODERN TIMES PROCESSES LIKE HPCL, GC, UV/VIS OR AA ARE USED TO IDENTIFY SPECIES, MEASURE BACTERIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION AND POTENCY

SAFETY

ADULTERATION, INAPPROPRIATE FORMULATION OR LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF PLANT AND DRUG REACTIONS THAT ARE SOMETIMES LIFE THREATENING OR LETHAL

IMPURITIES AND PURIFICATION – PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND NATURAL

METHODS OF PURIFICATION

• WASHING• SIFTING• ELUTRIATION• LIXIVIATION• PERCOLATION• MACERATION• DIALYSIS• DESPUMATION

• DECOLORATION• BOILING• RUBBING• DIPPING• SUBLIMATION • BACHNAG• DHATURA SEED

ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

TINCTURES

HERBAL WINES

TISANES

DECOCTIONS

MACERATES

VINEGARS

SYRUPS

EXTRACTS

TOPICALS

ESSENTIAL OILS

OILS, BALMS

CREAMS, LOTIONS

POULTICES

COMPRESSIONS

INHALATIONS

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PHYTOTHERAPY AND AYURVEDA

BOTH ARE BASED ON TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES

INSTEAD OF FOCUSING ON SYMPTOMATIC RELIEF, BOTH TRY TO CORRECT THE IMBALNCE IN BODY ELEMENTS

HERBS CONSTITUTE MAINSTREAM OF TREATMENT

MANY TYPES OF DRUG PREPARATION METHODS ARE MENTIONED

THEY BOTH BELIEVE IN SYNERGISTIC ACTION AND MULTIFUNCTIONALITY

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHYTOTHERAPY AND AYURVEDA

AYURVEDA IS A COMPLETE MEDICAL SCIENCE WHILE PHYTOTHERAPY IS A BRANCH OF MEDICINE

EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL PALNTS AND PATIENTS ARE COMPLETELY DIFFERENT

AYURVEDA OFFERS PURIFICATION AND PALLIATIVE TREATMENTS WHILE PHYTOTHERAPY AVOIDS USE OF CO-THERAPIES

PHYTOTHERAPY MAJORITILY USE ALCOHOL FOR EXTRACTING ACTIVE PRINCIPLES, WHILE AYURVEDA USES WATER, OIL, GHEE AND SELF GENERATED ALCOHOL AS THE SOLVENTS

PHYTOMEDICINES ARE PRESCRIBED IN 15ML DOSE TWO TIMES DAILY, WHILE AYURVEDA USES VARIOUS DRUG DOSAGE AND TIME SCHEDULES

THANK YOU!!!HAPPY NEW YEAR

2012