PROCESS INSTRUMENTAION

LESSON-2

FLOW MEASUREMENT

FLOW MEASUREMENTS

FLUID FLOW

STEADY FLOW

UNSTEADY FLOW

UNIFORM FLOW

NON-UNIFORM FLOW

TYPES OF FLUIDS

FLUIDS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO TYPES

NEWTONIAN FLUID NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS

NEWTONIAN FLUIDS WHICH FOLLOW NEWTONS LAW OF VISCOSITY

NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID

TIME DEPENDANT TIME INDEPENDANT

TIME INDEPENDANT

TIME DEPENDENT

REYNOLD NUMBER

REYNOLD NUMBER

FLOW EQUATIONS

BERNUOLLI EQUATION

FRICTIONAL LOSSES

FLOW METERS

POSITIVR DISPLACEMENT TYPE

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT FLOW METERS

MAGNETIC FLOW METERS

INFERENTIAL TYPE

INDUSTRIAL FLOW METERS

ROTATING VANE TYPE

DIFFERENTIAL FLOW METERS

Venturi meter Orifice meter Flow nozzles Dall tubes Pitot tubes Annubar tubes Elbow taps Weirs

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TYPE

PRESSURE BASE FLOW METERS

DIFFERENTIAL

FLOW MEASUREMENT

HOOK GAUGE

FLOW MEASUREMENT

FLOW METERS

VARIABLE HEAD METER

VENTURI TUBE

FLOW NOZZLES

ORIFICE METER

ORIFICE METER

ORIFICE PLATES

TYPES OF ORIFICES

Concentric orifice Eccentric orifice Segmental orifice Quadrant edge orifice

ECCENTRIC PLATES

Similar to concentric type except offset hole is bored tangential to circle

Concentric to pipe and diameter equal to 98% of pipe dia

Useful for oil containing water , fluids with solids

QUADRANT EDGE PLATE

Used for services such as heavy crudes, syrups, slurries and viscous flows

edge is rounded to form a quarter circle Additional small hole is provided to for the

passage of condensate and gases

CONCENTRIC ORIFICE

It is mostly widely used Made of SS , thickness 1/8 to ½ inch

depending on pipe line size and flow velocity

Other materials are Nickel, Monel etc

TYPES OF ORIFICES

ORIFICE METER

ORIFICE METER

VARIABLE AREA METER

PITOT TUBE