PIA 2528

Week Seven

The Public Service

THE RELATIONSHIP TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Max Weber-1864-1920

Liberalism and the State- Influenced by the Prussian model of the state

Note: It was history that influenced the ideas of two late 19th century intellectuals, Karl Marx and Max Weber

Myth- Bureaucracy as a neutral actor

Governance Issues

Focus on Local Government

• Primary unit of government that has both political leadership and bureaucratic structures

Local Government

Focus on the Bureaucracy

Evolution of Public Sector

1. Traditional

2. Charismatic

3. Legal Rational

1. Traditional- Fused

1. looked back at China, Egypt, Rome and Africa

2. Fused System- magic, mystification and witchcraft

3. Key- gradual move to rational separation of King from government

2. Charismatic- Revolutionary and the Aftermath of French Revolution, 1789-1815

1. State identified with the movement and leader

2. Apex under Napoleon-

3. Allegiance of civil servant to leader- French revolution- emphasis on science and engineering

Charismatic

4. Key: Routinization of Charisma

• -from leader, shift loyalties one step further to nation

• -basic ministries- finance, foreign affairs, War, Justice, Interior

3. Legal-Rational Model- Modern:specialized/technical: Characteristics a. Merit Selection

b. Hierarchy- Chain of Command

c. Division of Labor and functional specialization

d. Administrative work: full time, no sinecures

Legal Rational

e. Contractual agreement

f. Professional or technical training

g. Fixed salaries

h. Formal framework of rules and procedures

i. Written records and files

j. Separation of office from incumbent- bureau from the occupant. eg. the Bureaucrat

Local Government

1. Build or Transfer Bureaucratic Capacity from National to Local Government

2. Capacity is the Key to Decentralization

3. Key: Planning Exercise

Botswana- 1982

Ten Districts- Four Cities

2,700 Employees of the Unified Local Government Service

Assignment: Development of a Training Plan

Human Resource Development

Louis A. Picard- Botswana Study1982-1992

Table 1: Education and Training Needs of Unified Local Government Service – Summary by Position Classification of Those in Post, February, 1981

* Vacancies include expatriates in position

Table 2: Sample Table of Cadre Manpower and Training Positions*

* Footnotes to be provided for explanation of assumptions

Table 3: Summary of Manpower and Training Needs, 1982 – 1992, by ‘A’ and ‘B’ Posts

Total 1990

Establishment New Posts

Resignations/ Dismissals

Retirements Existing

Employees to be Trained

Vacancies to be Filled

by Training

Total Number to be

Trained

All ‘A’ Positions

All ‘B’

Positions

1338

3669

571

1571

221

827

170

203

344

1118

248

368

1554

4095

Total

5007 2150 1048 373 1462 616 5649

Table 4a: Proposed Training Programme:Treasury/Revenue Cadre

Table 4b: Proposed Training Programme:Treasury/Revenue Cadre, cont.

Table 5: Sample of a Cadre Training Scheme

Table 6: Summary, Student/Week to be Trained

Summary of Student Weeks to be Trained for all Institutions, 1982 – 1986

Discussion:

Land use, water, basic Needs NGOs, grassroots institutions and

civil society in Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia and the Middle East.

Implications on Local Government, Civil Society and Governance

Human Resource Skills and Rural Change

Next Week

Group Discussion: Five Minute Presentation on Governance in each Region

• Africa• Middle East• Latin America• Asia