PIA Internshipn Report

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Pakistan International Airline

Internship Report

Duration:JULY 08 2011 TO JULY 22 2011

Name: SYED MUHAMMAD ALI HASHMI

Contact Number: 0343-8715531

Department: Electronic Engineering

SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY


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DEDICATION

OOur Parents Who Were Always Their By

Our Side To Guide Us & Give Us The

Courage That We Can Do Our Best In Our

Life &Taught Us the Difference Between

The good & The Evil, For This Be Guide In

Us Life.


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CONTENTS:

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT2. OVERVIEW3. HISTORY OF P.I.A.4. SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT P.I.A.5. ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOR A QUALITY, SAFETY AND COST CONCIOUS

AVIATION INDUSTRY

6. AIRCRAFT VS ENGINE CHART7. LINE MAINTENANCE8. POWER PLANT AND OVERHAUL9. MAINTENANCE & OPERATION CONTROL (MOC)10.AVIONICS OVERHAUL11.

INFLIFGHT ENTERTAINMENT (IFE)

12. VARIETIES OF IFE13.AIRCRAFT RADIO COMMUNICATION


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

All praise onto almighty Allah the Lord of all worlds, who endowed me with the

ability to complete successfully this period as internee, though we did not conceal

ourself capable to do so.

Our Lord! We have Never Been Unblessed In Our Prayers To You

Last but not least, we are thankful to all those personnel who have sincerely guided

us at their best.

SYED MUHAMMAD ALI HASHMI.


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OVERVIEW:

INTERNSHIP ORGANIZATION:

PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

INTERNSHIP DURATION:

JULY 08 2011 TO JULY 22 2011

INTERNSHIP ASSIGNMENT

The assignment was to work with the professional organization to get the professional experienceof the office routines & working of organization at the initial level.

LEARNING:

We visited all the planes of PIA fleet including their cockpits. We learned a lot about in flightEntertainment (IFE) and their basic components which entertain peoples inside the plane. We

also learned about the radio communication inside and outside the plane.


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HISTORY OF P.I.A.

BIRTH OF A NATION, BIRTH OF AN AIRLINE:

Air transport has probably never been more important to the development of a new nation than inthe case of Pakistan. In June 1946, when Pakistan was still in the offing, Mr. Mohammad Ali

Jinnah, the Founder of the upcoming nation, instructed Mr. M.A. Ispahani, a leading industrialist,

to set up a national airline, on a priority basis. With his singular vision and foresight, Mr. Jinnah

realized that with the formation of the two wings of Pakistan, separated by 1100 miles, a swiftand efficient mode of transport was imperative.

A NEW NATIONAL FLAG CARRIER OF PAKISTAN:

Orient Airways was a privately owned company, with limited capital and resources. It could notbe expected to grow and expand independently. It was then that the Government of Pakistan

decided to form a state-owned airline and invited Orient Airways to merge with it. The outcomeof the merger was the birth of a new airline, through PIAC Ordinance 1955 on January 10, 1955.

P.I.A.s FIRST INTERNATIONAL SERVICE:

The year 1955 also marked the inauguration of the fledgling airline's first scheduled international

service - to the glittering, glitzy capital city of London, via Cairo and Rome.

HISTORIC FIRSTS AND UNBREAKEN RECORDS:

In 1962, finding the upper winds forecast favorable, PIA set out to break the record for thefastest flight between London and Karachi. With representatives of FAI (Federation

Aeronautique International) on board to monitor the official timings, PIA completed the flight in

6 hours, 43 minutes, 51 seconds, a record which remains unbroken to this day


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SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT P.I.A.:

PIA is the first airline to get certified (initial certification) on Safety Management System (SMS)

by Civil Aviation Authority CAA - Pakistan. CAA Air Navigation Order (ANO 91.0032 issuedin September 2008) binds all airlines operating in Pakistan to have SMS. Well before the

issuance of this ANO, PIA initiated SMS awareness and implementation in July 2008. PIAawarded initial certification on SMS in 27th February 2009 by CAA.

THE PERSUIT OF EXCELLENCE THROUGH TECHNOLOGY AND

QUALITY CONTROL:

Not content with a number of historic firsts under its belt, PIA made history yet again, byinstalling Pakistan's first computer, an IBM1401, in 1967. PIA's first Engine Overhaul Shop,

located near the Head Office building, was also completed and commissioned around this time.

The Ground Training School (GTS) now known as the PIA Training Centre was first conceivedand developed during 1961-62. Interestingly, training was initially imparted in the T-shaped

building which has now become the PIA Dispensary, close to the Head Office building.

Besides visible development and growth in traffic and revenues in the sixties, PIA added

additional destinations, new equipment, and cutting-edge technology to support its everexpanding operations. A new Jet Hangar for Boeings with a supporting airframe overhaul shop

was completed and commissioned in 1968


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ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOR A QUALITY, SAFETY AND COST

CONCIOUS AVIATION INDUSTRY:

PIA Engineering is an established Aircraft Maintenance and Repair organization that provides

world-class solutions to the aviation industry. PIA's Engineering Base, head-quartered at JinnahInternational Airport, Karachi, is acclaimed as one of Asia's best. Strategically located for the

convenience of airlines whose operations extend to Asia, it is equipped with the most advanced,modern aircraft maintenance and overhaul facilities and is manned by a team of highly trained

personnel.

AIRCRAFT VS ENGINE CHART:

AIRCRAFT ENGINES

BOEING 747-300 RR RB211

BOEING 747-200 GE CF6

PW JT9D

BOEING 777-200 GE90

BOEING 737-300 CFM56

AIRBUSA300B4/B2

GE CF6

AIRBUS A310-300 GE CF6

PW 4152


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LINE MAINTENANCE:

Our highly skilled Line Maintenance team in Karachi undertakes and releases the full range of

cabin tasks and In Flight Entertainment (IFE) checks during transit, along with regular transittasks for Boeing 777, 747, 737 and Airbus A310, A300 B4, Fokker F-27, and ATR-42, under

EASA Part-145 and CAA Pakistan. Our Line Maintenance division is backed by extensive shopsupport and substantial stocks of spare parts inventory and is amongst the region's mostexperienced facilities.

As part of our Line Maintenance services, PIA Engineering also maintains the appearance and

quality of your aircraft's cabin and exterior. Our Line Maintenance facilities cover the complete

range of an aircraft's routine maintenance and inspection requirements. We have sufficientaircraft support dock installations in 4 hangars with the requisite trained manpower and tooling

to undertake simultaneous work on various types of aircraft in your fleet, around the clock.

PIA Engineering offers excellent Line Maintenance at all International/Commercial airports in

Pakistan and large numbers of line stations around the globe.

Note: EASA Part-145 is for Karachi only.


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POWER PLANT AND OVERHAUL:

PIA's Power Plant Shops offer comprehensive repair, overhaul modification, testing and

calibration services for a range of aircraft engines and APUs such as:

Engine / APU Type

CF6-50C2 / E2 HSI MC MO OH

CFM-563B HSI MC MO OH

RB211-524 BSI - - -

CF6-80C2A8 BSI MC - -

PW4152 / 4156 BSI - - -

GE90-94 / GE90-115B BSI - - -

GTCP 660 HSI MC MO OH

GTCP 85-129 K/H HSI MC MO OH

TSCP 700 HSI MC MO OH

LEGENDS:

MC Module Change

MO Module Overhaul

OH Overhaul

BSI Boroscopic Inspection

HSI Hot Section Inspection


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PIA Engineering's Engine Overhaul Workshop is acclaimed as one of the most modern and best

equipped engine repair and overhaul facilities in the region. Spread over an area of 9,072 square

meters, the workshop offers high-class plating facilities; both manual, as well as robotic plasmaflame spray. The Engine Overhaul Workshop also includes a heat treatment shop with a vacuum

heat treatment facility.

An independent machine shop, attached to the Engine Overhaul Workshop, is equipped with

several precision machines used for the repair and modification of engine components during theoverhaul process.

A key feature of the Engine Overhaul Workshop is the jet engine test facility, designed to test

aero engines up to a maximum capacity of 100,000 lbs thrust, airflow of 3,000 lbs/sec and an

engine weight of 15,000 lbs.

The test cell has recently been upgraded with a cutting-edge test cell data acquisition system, the

ASE2000. The ASE2000 can be used to accommodate all FADEC/EEC powered engines.


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MAINTENANCE & OPERATION CONTROL (MOC):

The Maintenance & Operations Control Division offers comprehensive planning, materials,

repairs, and logistics services to the highest international standards. The MOC Division ispowered by fully-integrated computer systems to ensure efficient scheduling, administration,

monitoring and control of maintenance activities, as well as cost-effective management of spares,equipment and resources.

Engineering Automation provides information system solutions to all divisions enablingfunctional integration, resource optimization and technical reliability improvements. Being in a

standardized technical environment and using common a information architecture based on IBM

SNA, this shared network approach has resulted in enhanced user systems to improve fleetdispatch reliability performance. In addition, the division conducts time and motion studies to

develop consolidated man-hour plans for all the sections of the PIA Engineering Complex,

ensuring optimal utilization of human resources during critical projects.

MOC coordinates core departments and external handling agencies to ensure prompt aircraft

turnaround times with minimum technical delays, using the latest, state-of-the-art systems. MOCplays a pivotal role in aircraft on-ground situations that require skilled and dynamic responses.

MOC provides support around the clock, with dedicated engineering personnel who liaise

closely with operational departments and flight crews to ensure that operations run smoothly, andto minimize the impact of unscheduled maintenance and technical delays.

Our team of specialists is committed to providing the highest levels of support and services:

Maximum fleet availability and serviceability via the production of long and short termmaintenance plans

Optimum scheduling and availability of an entire aircraft's inventory

Development of Engineering Management Software solutions to manage the diverse

needs of our customers

Conducting time and motion studies in the aviation sector to develop man-hour plans toensure optimal utilization of human resources

Conducting On Job Training (OJT) on approved aircraft types, engines and systems


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AVIONICS OVERHAUL:

PIA's Overhaul Shops offer repair, overhaul modification, testing, and calibration of a range of

mechanical, electrical and electronic aircraft components and accessories for Boeing 737, 747Airbus A300B4, A310, and F-27, including:

Analog and Digital Instrumentation

Electrical, Hydraulic and Pneumatic System Components

Fuel Measuring and Engine Accessory Components

Cabin Furnishing and Passenger Entertainment Units

Oxygen and Safety Equipment

Our Avionics Shops are well equipped with the latest testing and overhauling facilities, such as

Automated Test Equipment ATEC 6000, ATEC 4000 and the IRS Tester. Our shops provide

maintenance support for the following: Electrical Power Generation and Control Systems Equipment

Anti Skid Control Systems Components

Aircraft Information Management System Components

Aircraft Batteries

Aircraft Environment Control System Equipment

Galley Equipment such as Fridges, Boilers and Ovens

Interior and Exterior Lighting System Components

Aircraft Engine Ignition, Engine Vibration Monitoring System Components

Fuel Control Valves and Fuel Boost Pumps

Communication System Components (VHF and UHF)

Instrument Landing System Components

Navigation System Components and Autopilot System

GPWS (Ground Proximity Warning Systems) Components

LRRA (Low Range Radio Altimeter), DME/ATC Transponder System Components

Flight Management Computer and Related Components

Audio Entertainment Systems

Weather Radar Systems

Aircraft Pressurizing Components

Quantity, Temperature and Pressure Transmitters and Indicators

Fuel Quantity Computers

Crew Breathing/Oxygen System Components


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Our Accessories Overhaul Shops are equipped with modern testing equipment such as test stands

from GREER, Bur of USA, and Vickers System of West Germany for testing hydraulic

components. The shops provide support in the following areas:

Complete overhaul and repair of landing gears of Airbus A300, A310, B737, F-27

Aircraft

Capability and expertise in wheel and brake overhauling for B777, 747, 737 & AIRBUSA300B4/A310 Aircraft

Entire range of hydraulic, fuel, oil and miscellaneous systems (mechanical) componentsranging from a check valve to the most sophisticated equipment installed on A-310,

A300, B747, B737-300 and F-27 aircraft

Repair and overhaul of engine fuel accessories such as the MEC for CF6 engine, CITSensors, etc.

Steering components

Repair, overhaul and testing of APU fuel components

Repair and overhaul of mechanical, hydromatic and electrical propellers, constant speedunits, pitch control units, bleed valve, anti-ice valve, water system components of entire

PIA fleet and other propeller accessories


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INFLIFGHT ENTERTAINMENT (IFE):

The In Fight Entertainment (IFE) system is one of the most crucial systems as far as the brand

equity of an airline is concerned, since it directly impacts a passengers' comfort during long haulflights. The maintenance of these systems is becoming extremely critical as airlines strive to up

the ante in order to maintain a competitive edge in the passenger transport business.

Video On Demand, Internet Access, Satellite Telephony, Interactive Games and In Flight

Telephony are the value-added services that airlines are adding to their regular offering of Musicand Movies on passenger seats. However this has resulted in IFE systems becoming complex and

more expensive to maintain.

CAPABILITIES & SERVICES:

The PIA Engineering Complex has a dedicated team of avionics engineers and technicians who

are responsible for installations, modifications, and maintenance of the Matsushita/PanasonicMAS-2000E and MAS-3000 E/I systems. This team works in conjunction with the Base

Maintenance teams to ensure that IFE installations and modifications are dealt with during majorchecks, along with the rest of the modifications, service bulletins and airworthiness directives

due on an aircraft. As a result, a PIA Engineering customer gets a comprehensive and

economical package deal, as well as a reduction in maintenance time, especially if all theseactivities were undertaken separately.

PIA Engineering undertakes full IFE checks and minor seat rectification during transit checks in

conjunction with the Line Maintenance teams. Aircraft engineers and technicians can undertake

full seat electronics box removals, installations and data loading in very short time spans,

ensuring that all onboard passengers have an enjoyable flight. The team ensures that operators'

transit and turn around checks do not exceed their time limitations. PIA Engineering also has thecapability to undertake transit checks for the B-747-200/300, B-777, B-737, A-310 and A300B4

under EASA Part-145 and CAA, Pakistan at its base in Karachi, which is a major regional hub


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VARIETIES OF IFE:

1. AUDIO ENTERTAINMENT:

Audio entertainment covers music, as well as news, information and comedy. Most musicchannels are pre-recorded and feature their own DJs to provide chatter, song introductions and

interviews with artists. In addition, there is sometimes a channel devoted to the plane's radiocommunications, allowing passengers to listen in on the pilot's in-flight conversations with other

planes and ground stations.

In audio-video on demand (AVOD) systems, software such as Music Match is used to select

music off the music server. Phillips Music Server is one of the most widely used servers running

under Windows Media Center used to control AVOD systems.

This form of in-flight entertainment is experienced through headphones that are distributed to the

passengers. The headphone plugs are usually only compatible with the audio socket on the

passenger's armrest (and vice-versa), and some airlines may charge a small fee in order to obtaina pair. The headphones provided can also be used for the viewing of personal televisions.

In-flight entertainment systems have been made compatible with XM Satellite Radio, and also

with iPods, allowing passengers to access their accounts, or bring their own music, along with

offering libraries of full audio CDs from an assortment of artists.

2. ENCODING STANDARDS:

Almost all systems use the MPEG technology. Depending on the bandwidth and disk space of

the fixed system determines the capability to increase the streaming from MPEG 1.5 (MPEG1)to MPEG3.5 (MPEG2). MPEG4-H264 is a new standard of encoding and requires specificmodern systems to decode. MPEG4-H264 quality is comparable to MPEG2, but with smaller

files size. MPEG4-H264 requires a license from MPEG-LA.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/DJshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Windows_Media_Centerhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Headphoneshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radiohttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/IPodhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/CDhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/CDhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/IPodhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radiohttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Headphoneshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Windows_Media_Centerhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/DJs


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3. VIDEO ENTERTAINMENT:

Video entertainment is provided via a large video screen at the front of a cabin section, as well as

smaller monitors situated every few rows above the aisles. Sound is supplied via the sameheadphones distributed for audio entertainment.

However, personal televisions (PTVs) for every passenger are providing passengers with

channels broadcasting new and classic films, as well as comedies, documentaries, children's

shows and drama series. Some airlines also present news and current affairs programming, whichare often pre-recorded and delivered in the early morning before flights commence.

PTVs are operated via an In flight Management System which stores pre-recorded channels on a

central server, and streams them to PTV equipped seats during flight. AVOD systems store

individual programs separately, allowing a passenger to have a specific program streamed to

them privately, and be able to control the playback.

Some airlines also provide video games as part of the video entertainment system. For

example, Closed Captioning technology started in 2008. It is text streamed along with video

and audio. This will enable passengers to enable or disable the subtitle/caption language.Closed Captioning is capable to stream various text languages. The technology is currently

based on Scenarist file multiplexing so far; however, portable media players tend to use

alternative technology. WAEA technical committee is trying to standardize the ClosedCaption Specification.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Video_gameshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Closed_Captioninghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Closed_Captioninghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Video_games


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4. IN-FLIGHT MOVIES:

Regularly scheduled in flight movies began to premiere in 1961 on flights from New Yorkto Los

Angeles[12]. Personal on-demand videos are stored in an aircraft main IFE computer system.From there they can be viewed on demand by the user. Along with the on-demand concept

comes the ability for the user to pause, rewind, fast forward, or jump to any point in the movie.There are also the movies that are shown throughout the aircraft at one time, usually on a screen

in the front of the cabin.

IN-FLIGHT CONNECTIVITY:

In recent years, IFE has been expanded to include in-flight connectivityservices such as

Internet browsing, text messaging, cell phone usage (where permitted) and emailing. In fact,some in the airline industry have begun referring to the entire in-flight-entertainment category as

"IFEC" (In-Flight Entertainment and Connectivity or In-Flight Entertainment and

Communication).

Airline manufacturer Boeing entered into the in-flight-connectivity industry in 2000 and 2001,with an offshoot called Connexion by Boeing. The service was designed to provide in-flight

broadband service to commercial airlines, and Boeing built partnerships with United Airlines,

Delta and American. By 2006, however, the company announced it was closing down itsConnexion operation. Industry analysts cited technology, weight and cost issues as making theservice unfeasible at the time. The Connexion hardware that needed to be installed on an aircraft,

for example, weighed nearly 1,000 pounds, which added more "drag" (a force working against

the forward movement of the plane) and weight than was tolerable for the airlines.

Since the shuttering of Connexion by Boeing, several new providers have emerged to deliver in-flight broadband to airlines(which offers a satellite-based solution supported by the global

Hughes Network Systems satellite infrastructure) and Aircell (which offers air-to-ground
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Pausehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Rewindhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Fast_forwardhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Fast_forwardhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Rewindhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Pausehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/wiki/New_York


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connectivity via a cellular signal).

5. SATELLITE AND INTERNAL TELEPHONY:

Some airlines provide satellite telephones integrated into their system. These are either found atstrategic locations in the aircraft or integrated into the passenger remote control used for the

individual in-flight entertainment. Passengers can use their credit card to make phone calls

anywhere on the ground. A rate close to USD10.00/minute is usually charged regardless of

where the recipient is located and a connection fee may be applied even if the recipient does notanswer. These systems are usually not capable of receiving incoming calls. There are also some

aircraft that allow faxes to be sent and the rate is usually the same as the call rate but it is charged

per page. Some systems also allow the transmission of SMS.

More modern systems allow passengers to call fellow passengers located in another seat bysimply keying-in the recipient's seat number.


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AIRCRAFT RADIO COMMUNICATION:

How many times have we adored the aircraft flying overhead like one big bird with wings? The

pain and hard work that goes behind navigating an aircraft to its destination is not an easy task.Therefore, effective and high speed communication is imperative between the pilot and the

control tower. Aircraft radio communication system is an important component which demandsthe highest level of quality. Icom communication is a trusted source for such highly secured andeffective aviation communication systems in the industry.

WHAT IS AIRCRAFT RADIO COMMUNICATION?

The Aircraft Radio Communication system used to command and control the aircraft through

very high frequency radio receivers. Aviation uses a special communication system called airband or VHF (very high frequency), which aids radio navigation of the flights. Icom specialises

in varied types of communication systems and they have a rich portfolio of high frequencyreceivers, handheld devices and long range transceivers.

The communication between the control tower and the pilot is very important and even theslightest of mistakes or miscommunication will risk the life of the passengers and the crew on

board. Thus, the need for an effective communication device with transceivers of high quality is

very important. Well, branded and highly proficient professional communication systems aremanufactured and distributed by Icom and it is a trusted brand all over the world in the aviation

industry.

The varied and diverse portfolio of Icom stands proof of its professionalism in aircraft radio

communication systems. Icom understands the need and takes up the responsibility to protect

everyone involved by providing high quality and fool-proof VHF systems. Aircraft radio

communication systems made by Icom are easy to operate and versatile. The noise reductiontechnology used helps to keep the noise of communication to a bare minimum. The signal is very

strong and no building tower or mountain can weaken the signal of icon communication systemreceivers. The communication system also depends upon the type of aircraft, and the usage of the

device at large. It has to be fool proof and it should be custom made for aviation purpose.

Icom aircraft radio communication system has addressed all the necessary requirements for high

quality long range communication and hence it is considered to be the best in the industry.Updated technology, secured communication, easy handling, fast and high speed data

transmission, etc are some of the features which are needed for an effective aircraft radio

communication system. Icom always designs products with these features and constantly involve

in research and development to improve the performance of the products. Aircraft radiocommunications are mission-critical applications and when you talk about such applications,

precision and quality are of utmost importance. Icom has a dedicated testing centre where each

and every product is tested for highest quality and precision. Icom understand the need of thehour and we help in providing the best possible products for all kind of aircraft radio

communication needs.


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SUGGESTION:

We have learned and enjoyed during our internship period in PIA a lot and got so much

knowledge about aircrafts. During our internship in PIA we felt that the labs (shop area) of

PIA is well equipped and well disciplined but they are using old technologies in some

aspects. We suggest that PIA should develop a research department from where theopportunities would be provided to the engineers to help them in developing latest

technologies and equipments which is good for our nation and also for our national

airlines.

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