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Piaget's Three Mountains Experiment
Variations on Three Mountain Experiments
Semantic Relations in Two-Word Utterances
Relationship Example
Agents + actionAction + objectAgent + objectAction + locative (location)Object + locativePossessor + possessedAttribute + objectDemonstrative + object
Baby cryEat cookieBobby cookieJump stairTeddy bedMommy sandwichBig dogThere Daddy
2 to 5 Year Language Explosion
• Prelinguistic: crying signals, gooing, cooing,
babbling, squeals, yells, inflection by 9 months
• Holophrastic: One word means many things. Starts
about 1 year. 40 to 50 words by 18 months, 300
words by 2 years.
• Telegraphic: Two or three word phrases (“Where
go?” “More milk.” “No bath!” “Big boat.” “Mommy’s
dress.”). From about 18 to 24 months.
• Stage II Grammar: Includes plurals,
overgeneralizations. From about 2 to 3 years.
• Adult-like Speech: Starts at about 5 to 6 years.
• Prelinguistic: crying signals, gooing, cooing,
babbling, squeals, yells, inflection by 9 months
• Holophrastic: One word means many things. Starts
about 1 year. 40 to 50 words by 18 months, 300
words by 2 years.
• Telegraphic: Two or three word phrases (“Where
go?” “More milk.” “No bath!” “Big boat.” “Mommy’s
dress.”). From about 18 to 24 months.
• Stage II Grammar: Includes plurals,
overgeneralizations. From about 2 to 3 years.
• Adult-like Speech: Starts at about 5 to 6 years.
Broca'sarea
Primaryauditoryarea Wernicke's
area
Motor cortex
• Social Learning Theories: Language acquisition through imitation or
modeling
• Reinforcement: The child is conditioned to perform verbal behavior. (B.F.
Skinner, 1957)
• Innateness: We are “pre-wired” or “preprogrammed” to learn language
through a language acquisition device (L.A.D.) in the brain. (Chomsky)
• Combined View: Includes predisposition and input from the environment, but
the child plays an active, creative role in learning language. Perception,
cognition, motor, social and emotional factors are all involved.
• Social Learning Theories: Language acquisition through imitation or
modeling
• Reinforcement: The child is conditioned to perform verbal behavior. (B.F.
Skinner, 1957)
• Innateness: We are “pre-wired” or “preprogrammed” to learn language
through a language acquisition device (L.A.D.) in the brain. (Chomsky)
• Combined View: Includes predisposition and input from the environment, but
the child plays an active, creative role in learning language. Perception,
cognition, motor, social and emotional factors are all involved.
Theories of Language Acquisition
• Preoperational thinking, not yet logical,
unable to see another’s viewpoint.
• Child has gone through “language
explosion,” emerging with vocabulary of
over 14,000 words, and syntactically
correct usage.
• Preoperational thinking, not yet logical,
unable to see another’s viewpoint.
• Child has gone through “language
explosion,” emerging with vocabulary of
over 14,000 words, and syntactically
correct usage.
Summary of Early Childhood Cognitive Development