Pico Hydro Power Generation
Syeda Nishat NailaDepartment of Soil, Water & Environment
University Of Dhaka
Mentor, *Climate Reality Project*
1
An Overview of Geographic presentation
in Bangladesh
(GIS Based approach to identify scope of
Pico Hydro)
2
Daily 110
million tons of
Global warming
causing more
Climate Crisis
93% power of
Bangladesh is produced
by Coal, oil and gas
7% is hydro power
in the electrical
power mix
Renewable
Non- Renewable
Energy Dependency & Carbon Emission
Global Surface Temperature – Departure from Average• January – October 1880 – 2015
Data: NOAA
-1.0°
-0.5°
0.0°
0.5°
1.0°
1.5°
1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
An
om
aly
(°F)
2015
1.5°
1.0°
0.5°
0.0°
-0.5°
0
5
10
15
Top 10 Cities at Risk from Sea Level Rise in 2070
• By Population at Risk
20
70
Po
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at
Ris
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Ko
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a
Mu
mb
ai
Dh
aka
Gu
angz
ho
u
Ho
Ch
i Min
h C
ity
Shan
ghai
Ban
gko
k
Ran
goo
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Mia
mi
Hai
Pho
ng
5
What is Pico Hydro?• Smallest form of hydro power
• Is a proven renewable, predictable, highest conversion efficiency and
cost competitive renewable energy source
• Usually less than 1kW
• Supply electricity for one or few families
• Rural off grid electrification system
6
Potential
Energy
Kinetic Energy
Mechanical Power
7
At the penstock end
At the Forebay tank
At the Turbine
Electrical Energy At the Generator
Pico Hydro Mechanism
8
md,l WmlrKh
(Control Unit)
ELC / IGC
(Turbine)
(Generator)(Ballast)
Excess power
How they work?
(Electricity to
the village)
9
Flowing river nearby or stream or irrigation
channel. diversion from the source
Site Assessment
Village map
MH Potential identification
Data gathering for demand calculation
Other energy sources using in the village
Source Selection Placing To Site
10
Major component of Pico-hydro scheme
Weir
Intake
Settling Tank
Channel
Penstock Pipe
Trash rack
Runner- turbine
Controlling & safety
Equipments
Water stock and intake tank
Penstock
Power house
11
P α H ,
P = p x g x H x Q x e
Power calculation P=Output Power (watt)Q=Flow Rate (m3/s)H= Water Head(m)g= 9.8 kg/m2
ɛ= efficiency (for Pico hydro overall efficiency is
about 40% and for micro hydro it is about 50%)
P α Q
Head Measurement:
1.Altimeter (90% efficient)
2.Level tube and staff gauge
3.Pressure gauge and staff tube
Flow Measurement:1. Area rainfall method (analyzing the rainfall data for a particular site we can get the flow for
the project) 2. Bucket Method (it is good and easy method especially for pico hydro)3. Floating Method (this method is not an efficient one)
12
Possibilities of Pico Hydro in Bangladesh
13
Costfor one Pico hydroelectricity
project is around 3000USD (2.5
lac BDT) which can produce
about 4kw power (let 2.5kw
efficient).
Climate-resilient Bangladesh
14
Sustainable Renewable Energy
Development Authority planned to
generate 5% of total generation from RE
by 2015 and 10% of total electricity
generation by 2020.
But only 200 MW which is about 2%
total Generation 10,000 MW is coming
from RE.
Establishing 3-4 Pico Hydro project can
produce around 10kw power using this
methodology in remote areas then huge
power is produced at low cost which can be
added to national grid
The solar home systems in Bangladesh have
eliminated the need for 180,000 metric tons
of kerosene fuel, saving an estimated USD
$225 million annually.*
Electricity deficiency is an acute phenomenon
in a developing country like Bangladesh due
to the rapid rise of population. The
nonrenewable sources of energy like coal,
petroleum, CNG, LPG is depleting day by
day, which is creating many obstacles such as
high cost of fuel, high demand and low supply
of fuel which decreases the consumption of
electricity for common peoples.
The MessageThe Pico hydro power generation can be a solution at rural
and hilly tribal areas in Bangladesh.
As the power generation is un interrupted and reliable with
very high potential. The user has control to the power
generation. It’s one time installment there is no regular
electricity bills. It also reduces risks of using kerosene
lamps. It is environmental friendly as no recurring of fuel
and toxic gas emission. It will also reduce the dependency
on Greenhouse gases and make
Bangladesh follow up with Paris Agreement.
15
The aim of this research paper is to show the suitable location availability of
natural Pico hydro system in the perspective of Bangladesh & to build such a system which gives
electricity at low cost, which must be eco-friendly, easy to use and to store the generated power by
means of battery charging for future use particularly during electricity blackouts.
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