SEMINAR PRESENTATIONOF

PILE FOUNDATION

MAYANK KUMARMAYANK KUMARGAURAV PACHAURIGAURAV PACHAURI

2010-20142010-2014HINDUSTAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE HINDUSTAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

amp TECHNOLOGY FARAH amp TECHNOLOGY FARAH MATHURAMATHURA

INDIAINDIA

SDS PRIVATE INFRATECH SDS PRIVATE INFRATECH LTDLTD

NRI CITY PARI CHOWKNRI CITY PARI CHOWKGREATER NOIDAGREATER NOIDA

PROJECT DETAILINGPROJECT DETAILING

NINE TOWER (RESIDENTIAL BUILDING)NINE TOWER (RESIDENTIAL BUILDING) EACH TOWER HAVE G+22 FLOOREACH TOWER HAVE G+22 FLOOR EACH FLOOR HAVE FOUR FLATSEACH FLOOR HAVE FOUR FLATS PROJECT COST IS NEAR ABOUT 600 PROJECT COST IS NEAR ABOUT 600

CRORECRORE

PILE PILE FOUNDATIOFOUNDATIO

NNWORKWORK

Indian Standards on PilesIndian Standards on Piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven cast in-situ concrete pilescast in-situ concrete piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on pilespiles

BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB or Dgt3m or Dgt3m

Pile foundation always more expensive Pile foundation always more expensive than shallow foundation but will overcome than shallow foundation but will overcome problems of soft surface soils by problems of soft surface soils by transferring load to stronger deeper transferring load to stronger deeper stratum thereby reducing settlementsstratum thereby reducing settlements Top layers of soil are highly compressible Top layers of soil are highly compressible for it to supportfor it to support

Why Pile Foundations Prefer

W

Q u

Q b

Q s

Basic ConceptBasic ConceptThe ultimate bearing capacity (QThe ultimate bearing capacity (Quu )of a pile )of a pile may be assessed using soil mechanics may be assessed using soil mechanics principles The capacity is assumed to be the principles The capacity is assumed to be the sum of skin friction and end-bearing sum of skin friction and end-bearing resistance ieresistance ie

QQuu =Q =Qbb+Q+Qss-W -W helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip(1)(1)

where where QQuu total pile resistance total pile resistance QQbb is the end bearing resistance and is the end bearing resistance and QQss is side friction resistance is side friction resistance

EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE FOUNDATION WORK FOUNDATION WORK

1- WINCH MACHINE1- WINCH MACHINE

2-TRIPOD2-TRIPOD

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

SDS PRIVATE INFRATECH SDS PRIVATE INFRATECH LTDLTD

NRI CITY PARI CHOWKNRI CITY PARI CHOWKGREATER NOIDAGREATER NOIDA

PROJECT DETAILINGPROJECT DETAILING

NINE TOWER (RESIDENTIAL BUILDING)NINE TOWER (RESIDENTIAL BUILDING) EACH TOWER HAVE G+22 FLOOREACH TOWER HAVE G+22 FLOOR EACH FLOOR HAVE FOUR FLATSEACH FLOOR HAVE FOUR FLATS PROJECT COST IS NEAR ABOUT 600 PROJECT COST IS NEAR ABOUT 600

CRORECRORE

PILE PILE FOUNDATIOFOUNDATIO

NNWORKWORK

Indian Standards on PilesIndian Standards on Piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven cast in-situ concrete pilescast in-situ concrete piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on pilespiles

BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB or Dgt3m or Dgt3m

Pile foundation always more expensive Pile foundation always more expensive than shallow foundation but will overcome than shallow foundation but will overcome problems of soft surface soils by problems of soft surface soils by transferring load to stronger deeper transferring load to stronger deeper stratum thereby reducing settlementsstratum thereby reducing settlements Top layers of soil are highly compressible Top layers of soil are highly compressible for it to supportfor it to support

Why Pile Foundations Prefer

W

Q u

Q b

Q s

Basic ConceptBasic ConceptThe ultimate bearing capacity (QThe ultimate bearing capacity (Quu )of a pile )of a pile may be assessed using soil mechanics may be assessed using soil mechanics principles The capacity is assumed to be the principles The capacity is assumed to be the sum of skin friction and end-bearing sum of skin friction and end-bearing resistance ieresistance ie

QQuu =Q =Qbb+Q+Qss-W -W helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip(1)(1)

where where QQuu total pile resistance total pile resistance QQbb is the end bearing resistance and is the end bearing resistance and QQss is side friction resistance is side friction resistance

EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE FOUNDATION WORK FOUNDATION WORK

1- WINCH MACHINE1- WINCH MACHINE

2-TRIPOD2-TRIPOD

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

PROJECT DETAILINGPROJECT DETAILING

NINE TOWER (RESIDENTIAL BUILDING)NINE TOWER (RESIDENTIAL BUILDING) EACH TOWER HAVE G+22 FLOOREACH TOWER HAVE G+22 FLOOR EACH FLOOR HAVE FOUR FLATSEACH FLOOR HAVE FOUR FLATS PROJECT COST IS NEAR ABOUT 600 PROJECT COST IS NEAR ABOUT 600

CRORECRORE

PILE PILE FOUNDATIOFOUNDATIO

NNWORKWORK

Indian Standards on PilesIndian Standards on Piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven cast in-situ concrete pilescast in-situ concrete piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on pilespiles

BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB or Dgt3m or Dgt3m

Pile foundation always more expensive Pile foundation always more expensive than shallow foundation but will overcome than shallow foundation but will overcome problems of soft surface soils by problems of soft surface soils by transferring load to stronger deeper transferring load to stronger deeper stratum thereby reducing settlementsstratum thereby reducing settlements Top layers of soil are highly compressible Top layers of soil are highly compressible for it to supportfor it to support

Why Pile Foundations Prefer

W

Q u

Q b

Q s

Basic ConceptBasic ConceptThe ultimate bearing capacity (QThe ultimate bearing capacity (Quu )of a pile )of a pile may be assessed using soil mechanics may be assessed using soil mechanics principles The capacity is assumed to be the principles The capacity is assumed to be the sum of skin friction and end-bearing sum of skin friction and end-bearing resistance ieresistance ie

QQuu =Q =Qbb+Q+Qss-W -W helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip(1)(1)

where where QQuu total pile resistance total pile resistance QQbb is the end bearing resistance and is the end bearing resistance and QQss is side friction resistance is side friction resistance

EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE FOUNDATION WORK FOUNDATION WORK

1- WINCH MACHINE1- WINCH MACHINE

2-TRIPOD2-TRIPOD

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

PILE PILE FOUNDATIOFOUNDATIO

NNWORKWORK

Indian Standards on PilesIndian Standards on Piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven cast in-situ concrete pilescast in-situ concrete piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on pilespiles

BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB or Dgt3m or Dgt3m

Pile foundation always more expensive Pile foundation always more expensive than shallow foundation but will overcome than shallow foundation but will overcome problems of soft surface soils by problems of soft surface soils by transferring load to stronger deeper transferring load to stronger deeper stratum thereby reducing settlementsstratum thereby reducing settlements Top layers of soil are highly compressible Top layers of soil are highly compressible for it to supportfor it to support

Why Pile Foundations Prefer

W

Q u

Q b

Q s

Basic ConceptBasic ConceptThe ultimate bearing capacity (QThe ultimate bearing capacity (Quu )of a pile )of a pile may be assessed using soil mechanics may be assessed using soil mechanics principles The capacity is assumed to be the principles The capacity is assumed to be the sum of skin friction and end-bearing sum of skin friction and end-bearing resistance ieresistance ie

QQuu =Q =Qbb+Q+Qss-W -W helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip(1)(1)

where where QQuu total pile resistance total pile resistance QQbb is the end bearing resistance and is the end bearing resistance and QQss is side friction resistance is side friction resistance

EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE FOUNDATION WORK FOUNDATION WORK

1- WINCH MACHINE1- WINCH MACHINE

2-TRIPOD2-TRIPOD

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

Indian Standards on PilesIndian Standards on Piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 1 1979 Driven cast in-situ concrete pilescast in-situ concrete piles

1048707 1048707 IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on IS 2911 Part 4 1985 Load test on pilespiles

BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB or Dgt3m or Dgt3m

Pile foundation always more expensive Pile foundation always more expensive than shallow foundation but will overcome than shallow foundation but will overcome problems of soft surface soils by problems of soft surface soils by transferring load to stronger deeper transferring load to stronger deeper stratum thereby reducing settlementsstratum thereby reducing settlements Top layers of soil are highly compressible Top layers of soil are highly compressible for it to supportfor it to support

Why Pile Foundations Prefer

W

Q u

Q b

Q s

Basic ConceptBasic ConceptThe ultimate bearing capacity (QThe ultimate bearing capacity (Quu )of a pile )of a pile may be assessed using soil mechanics may be assessed using soil mechanics principles The capacity is assumed to be the principles The capacity is assumed to be the sum of skin friction and end-bearing sum of skin friction and end-bearing resistance ieresistance ie

QQuu =Q =Qbb+Q+Qss-W -W helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip(1)(1)

where where QQuu total pile resistance total pile resistance QQbb is the end bearing resistance and is the end bearing resistance and QQss is side friction resistance is side friction resistance

EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE FOUNDATION WORK FOUNDATION WORK

1- WINCH MACHINE1- WINCH MACHINE

2-TRIPOD2-TRIPOD

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB BS8004 defines deep foundation with DgtB or Dgt3m or Dgt3m

Pile foundation always more expensive Pile foundation always more expensive than shallow foundation but will overcome than shallow foundation but will overcome problems of soft surface soils by problems of soft surface soils by transferring load to stronger deeper transferring load to stronger deeper stratum thereby reducing settlementsstratum thereby reducing settlements Top layers of soil are highly compressible Top layers of soil are highly compressible for it to supportfor it to support

Why Pile Foundations Prefer

W

Q u

Q b

Q s

Basic ConceptBasic ConceptThe ultimate bearing capacity (QThe ultimate bearing capacity (Quu )of a pile )of a pile may be assessed using soil mechanics may be assessed using soil mechanics principles The capacity is assumed to be the principles The capacity is assumed to be the sum of skin friction and end-bearing sum of skin friction and end-bearing resistance ieresistance ie

QQuu =Q =Qbb+Q+Qss-W -W helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip(1)(1)

where where QQuu total pile resistance total pile resistance QQbb is the end bearing resistance and is the end bearing resistance and QQss is side friction resistance is side friction resistance

EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE FOUNDATION WORK FOUNDATION WORK

1- WINCH MACHINE1- WINCH MACHINE

2-TRIPOD2-TRIPOD

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

W

Q u

Q b

Q s

Basic ConceptBasic ConceptThe ultimate bearing capacity (QThe ultimate bearing capacity (Quu )of a pile )of a pile may be assessed using soil mechanics may be assessed using soil mechanics principles The capacity is assumed to be the principles The capacity is assumed to be the sum of skin friction and end-bearing sum of skin friction and end-bearing resistance ieresistance ie

QQuu =Q =Qbb+Q+Qss-W -W helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip(1)(1)

where where QQuu total pile resistance total pile resistance QQbb is the end bearing resistance and is the end bearing resistance and QQss is side friction resistance is side friction resistance

EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE FOUNDATION WORK FOUNDATION WORK

1- WINCH MACHINE1- WINCH MACHINE

2-TRIPOD2-TRIPOD

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE EQUIPMENT USED IN PILE FOUNDATION WORK FOUNDATION WORK

1- WINCH MACHINE1- WINCH MACHINE

2-TRIPOD2-TRIPOD

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

2-TRIPOD2-TRIPOD

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

3-HOPPER3-HOPPER 4- TERMIE PIPE4- TERMIE PIPE

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

5-DROP HAMMER5-DROP HAMMER

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

6-CASING PIPE6-CASING PIPE 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER 7-CHAIN WITH HIGH WEIGHT AT LOWER

SIDESIDE

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SPECIFICATIONS USED AT SITESITE

Min cement content 400 kgm3 of concreteMin cement content 400 kgm3 of concrete Min bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000litMin bentonite used in water ndash 2kg1000lit Pile head is prepared after 28 daysPile head is prepared after 28 days Min 1m case left above ground level(L Min 1m case left above ground level(L

shape)shape)

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

MATERIAL USEDMATERIAL USED

Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit)Bentonite (2kg per 1000 lit) Concrete (M35 grade)Concrete (M35 grade) Steel (Fe 415 grade)Steel (Fe 415 grade) WaterWater

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

Caisson Installation SequenceCaisson Installation Sequence

CenteringCentering

Hole drilled with winch machineHole drilled with winch machine

Casing installed with help of drop hammerCasing installed with help of drop hammer

Washing (water with bentonite)Washing (water with bentonite)

Bottom inspected and testedBottom inspected and tested

Reinforced (Cage lowering)Reinforced (Cage lowering)

Termie pipe loweringTermie pipe lowering

Concrete placement (amp casing removal)Concrete placement (amp casing removal)

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

DETAILING OF CAGEDETAILING OF CAGE

Steel is used in casing (Fe-500)Steel is used in casing (Fe-500) Two 95 m cage usedTwo 95 m cage used 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia 8 no of bars in each case (4-16mm dia

and 4-20mm dia)and 4-20mm dia) Ring used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacingRing used 8mm dia 150mm cc spacing Additional master ring 12mm dia used Additional master ring 12mm dia used

1500 cc spacing1500 cc spacing Each ring is welded with main barsEach ring is welded with main bars

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min Lap length 45 time of bigger bar dia (min 900mm)900mm)

100mm cc ring is used at lap length100mm cc ring is used at lap length

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

COLUMN CASTINGCOLUMN CASTING

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

PROCESS OF COLUMN PROCESS OF COLUMN CASTINGCASTING

Layout of columnLayout of column Reinforcement (according to drawing)Reinforcement (according to drawing) Shuttering Shuttering Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of Checking of shuttering in inclination with help of

plumb-bobplumb-bob Testing of material at site(cube test slump test)Testing of material at site(cube test slump test) Concreting Concreting Needle vibrator used max 1 min in a placeNeedle vibrator used max 1 min in a place

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

Lap length 47 time of main bar diaLap length 47 time of main bar dia Column cover 40mm Column cover 40mm 13 bars to be overlapped at one location13 bars to be overlapped at one location Tie bars dia- 12mmTie bars dia- 12mm Spacing at beam column connection joint- Spacing at beam column connection joint-

100m cc100m cc Column will not be cast much than 2m Column will not be cast much than 2m

heightheight