PIM Presentation Guidelines

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The hallmark of a reputed institute of higher learning is its continual practice of upgrading and improving its academic and operating standards. Over the years the PIM has developed its own reflective approach to review, assess and upgrade its standards. The PIM Presentation Guidelines, for certain, inter alia, falls within this ambit of periodic upgrading, and this approach towards self-improvement is clearly evident by the number of revisions effected to this publication. In fact, since 2011 there had been six (6) editions of this key-publication, the last of its revision being in January 2018.

Over the years academic writings including research publications have gone well beyond their centres of origin. Resultantly these writings need a common framework based on the broad internationally accepted standards. These Institutes have, therefore, developed their own organization-specific guidelines to be followed by their academics and learning communities, of course, taking cognizance of the specific guidelines formulated by international centres of repute. In this endeavour, the PIM specifically aims at disciplining their learning community in their academic writings, by brining order to their writings from the initial stages, in their composition of reports and assignments, and ultimately leading up to higher-level publications.

In publishing the current edition of the PIM PRESENTATION GUIDELINES, which is the 7th in the series of its editions, all the comments of the Faculty and other stakeholders, current international standards, as well as immediate future trends in academic writings have been carefully considered in effecting the improvements. The vast experience of the learned Faculty was also pooled even at the penultimate stages of its revision. The result is, thus, a collective effort to bring system and order into our academic writings. I am, certain that the latest publication would stand in good stead especially for our student community as they now have a richer compendium of guidelines to follow in all their writings.

Dr. Senaka Kelum GamageDirector

September, 2021.

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PIM Presentation Guidelines

First Edition : January 2011

Second Edition : January 2013

Third Edition : January 2015

Fourth Edition : January 2016

Fifth Edition : January 2017

Sixth Edition : January 2018

Seventh Edition : June 2021

ISBN 978-955-8969-12-0

Postgraduate Institute of ManagementUniversity of Sri Jayewardenepura

All rights reserved ©. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Director, Postgraduate Institute of Management.

Postgraduate Institute of Management28, Lesley Ranagala MawathaColombo 8, Sri LankaTel: +94 11 2 689 639 - 42Fax: +94 11 2 689 643Web: www.pim.sjp.ac.lke-mail: [email protected]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction 12. Rules for Formatting 23. Rules for Presenting Tables and Figures 74. Rules for Referencing 115. Presentation of Assignments 336. General Guidelines for Presentation of Final Project Options 397. Management Research Project Proposal Format 548. Management Research Project Report Format 579. Management Case Study Research Project Proposal Format 6710. Management Case Study Research Project Report Format 7111. Entrepreneurship Skills Research Project Proposal Format 7712. Entrepreneurship Skills Research Project Report Format 8013. Management Skills Research Project Proposal Format 8414. Management Skills Research Project Report Format 8715. Management Field Research Project Proposal Format 9316. Management Field Research Project Report Format 9617. Management Policy Research Project Proposal Format 10218. Management Policy Research Project Report Format 10419. Guided Independent Study Project Proposal Format 10718. Guided Independent Study Project Report Format 10921. Guidelines for Oral Presentation of Final Project Options 11522. Doctoral Research Proposal 12023. Sri Lankan Journal of Management 12424. Publication of a Management Case Study 12625. Preparing a Manuscript 12826. The Professional Manager 13027. Conclusion 132

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Students who have registered for different study programmes at the PIM are required to submit academic reports ranging from assignments to research papers. This hand book of presentation guidelines prescribes a set of guidelines for students to follow when presenting their academic work to the Institute. They are designed to achieve standardisation across all academic programmes conducted by the PIM.

The general rules relating to presentation, referencing and formatting are set out first, followed by additional details pertaining to the submission of specific reports such as assignments, theses/research project reports, skills project reports, case study reports, industry survey reports, field project reports, guided independent study reports and policy papers.

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Type written reports

All reports and papers submitted must be typewritten on A4 size white paper. Typing should be done only on one side of the paper.

Font and size

Times New Roman, 12 point.

Neatness of report

Reports and papers must be free of erasures and manual corrections.

Margins

Keep a margin of 3.18 cm (1.25 inches) on the left hand side and 2.54 cm (1 inch) on all other sides.

Spacing

One and a half spaces must be maintained, between every two lines.

Paragraph spacing should be maintained at 9 pts (before a paragraph).

All paragraphs start left aligned and justified.

Headings

Headings are formatted according to their levels. The levels of headings have to be indicated clearly in the reports.

Space before headings to be maintained at 18 points. Formatting of short reports/assignments is described in Chapter 5.

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Capitalisation of Headings

Headings can be of title case or sentence case, as specified for each level.

In title case, the first letter of the first word and major words are capitalised; most minor words are lower case.

In sentence case, the first letter of the first word is capitalised; most major and minor words are lower case (proper nouns are exceptions in that they are always capitalised.

Major words: Nouns, verbs (including linking verbs), adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and all other words of four letters.

Minor words: Short (i.e. three letters or fewer) conjunctions (and, or, but, nor, yet, so, for), short propositions (in, to, at, by, up, for, off, on), and all articles (a, an, the).

The description of formatting of headings given in this chapter will refer to reports with separate chapters. (Example: Reports of the final projects)

Level 1: First Level Heading is the main heading. In multi-chapter reports, this will be the chapter heading.

Level 1 Heading should be centered, Times New Roman 14, in boldface, upper case or title case.

In the PIM final project report format, the Level 1 heading consists of the chapter number along with the chapter title, in the format depicted below.

Note: In the chapter number (line 1 of Level 1 heading), The first letter C is capitalised (Times New Roman 12) and the chapter title (line 2 of the level 1 heading) is in upper case, Times New Roman 14), as illustrated in examples below.

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Examples:

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 2

ORGANISATIONAL ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM/OPPORTUNITY IDENTIFICATION

Level 2: Second Level Headings should be flushed left, Times New Roman 12, boldface, title case.

Paragraph begins in new line below, left aligned.

Examples:

1.2 The Project

2.3 Organisational Analysis

Level 3: Third Level Headings should be flushed left, italicised, Times New Roman 12, boldface, with title case heading.

The paragraph begins in a new line, left aligned.

Examples:

2.3.1 PESTEEL Analysis

4.3.1 Current Situation Analysis

Level 4: Fourth Level Headings should be indented 0.5 inches, boldface, title case heading ending with a period. Paragraph begins in the same line, after the heading as a regular paragraph.

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Examples:

2.3.1.1 Political Environment.

4.3.1.1 Cause and Effect Analysis.

Level 5: Fifth Level Headings should be indented 0.5 inches, italicised, title case heading ending with a period. Paragraph begins in the same line, after the heading as a regular paragraph.

Examples:

2.3.1.1.2 Conclusions of SWOT Analysis.

2.6.1.1.5 Implications of the Root Causes.

Use of numerals (numbers)

Numerals are used when the number has two digits or more. In addition, any number which forms the first word or the last word in a sentence must be spelled out.

Page numbering of document

The entire report must be consecutively numbered from the introductory chapter to the very end, including the appendices, using Arabic numerals.

The cover page will be assigned simple Roman number i but will not be indicated on the cover page. The pages following the cover page up to Chapter 1 will be numbered consecutively with simple Roman numerals.

Page number should be placed at the bottom of the page and centred. Only the page number is needed as single number (i.e. 10, 280…etc), not as “1 of 10”, “12 – 105” etc.

General

In the case of papers and reports, the proper point of view to be adopted is the third person singular, i.e., ‘the researcher’, ‘the writer’, ‘the author’, or ‘the entrepreneur’ as appropriate.

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Papers and reports submitted to the PIM for evaluation should be in PDF format, and should be uploaded to the ‘Prajna’ learning portal. In case reports are required to be submitted as hard copies (example final Research Project Reports/Proposals). Documents less than 20 pages, can be stapled, (three vertical staples equally spaced parallel to the left margin) without a transparent cover page and a hard back cover. In reports exceeding 20 pages, a transparent cover and a hard back cover with spiral binding is expected. Papers and reports must be error-free. The entire document must be carefully checked for grammar, syntax and spelling errors before submission.

The use of English (United Kingdom) grammar and spelling is recommended.

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Tables

Tables are used for the purpose of simplifying the text. Information with two or fewer columns and rows should be presented in text format instead of a table.

In the text, every table should be referred to by the numbers assigned: Example “As shown in Table 1” or “see Table 1’. Tables should not be referred to as “the table above” or “the table below.”

When tables are referred to by their specific number, (Table 3.2, 4.4. etc), they will always have the first letter ‘T’ capitalised, whether it appears at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence.

Consistency should be maintained in the formatting and vocabulary of all tables when writing a paper.

Numbering of tables should be in the order they are mentioned in the text.

Standard abbreviations and symbols, such as % or No. may be used in headings without further explanation.

Each column should have a heading. Title case should be used for table headings. Column headings should be in sentence case. Alignment of the table need not be left aligned but should fit into the standard margins.

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Table 1: Methods of Promoting and Restricting Trade

Trade promotion Trade restrictions

Subsidies TariffsExport financing QuotasForeign trade zones EmbargoesSpecial government agencies Local content requirements

Administrative delaysCurrency controls

Source: Wild, J. J., & Wild K. L. (2014, p.185).

Tables used in a report must:

Have a clear purpose.

Have a title set in bold letters (Times New Roman, 12 point, title case, left aligned with the table) and placed on top of the table.

Carry details such as the time period, units of measurement, and the currency unit.

Have a sentence case heading for each column.

Indicate the source immediately below the table. Only the word Source will be italicised, left aligned, Times New Roman 12, followed by colon (:) Author.

In a report divided into chapters, tables would be identified with the chapter. Thus, in Chapter 2 of the document, tables would be numbered sequentially as Table 2.1, 2.2; and in Chapter 3 as 3.1, 3.2, etc. This numbering will not depend on the sub heading numbers of the chapters.

In short reports/assignments without distinction of separate chapters, the tables would be numbered sequentially as Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 etc.

In case an Appendix contains more than one table, numbering of tables will identify the tables with the Appendix number.

Example: If there are two tables in Appendix I, the numbering would be Table AI.1, AI.2. Similarly Table AIII.1, AIV. 2, AV.1.....

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Carry a brief description (before table is introduced) and a brief interpretation (after the table is presented) of the information contained in the table.

A table must not contain too much of statistical data. Tables with 4 rows and 4 columns each are desirable. Tables containing a lot of statistics can be placed in an appendix, and basic data can be summarised in a simple table in the body of the report.

Source must be denoted as primary data or survey data if a table is compiled on data collected by the writer.

Figures used in a report must:

Have a clear purpose (The term “figure” includes diagrams, illustrations, and exhibits).

Alignment of the figure need not be left aligned but should fit into the standard margins.

Have a title set in bold letters (Times New Roman, 12 point, boldface font, title case, left aligned with the figure) and placed below the figure.

Carry a number and be referred to by that number in the text, rather than by terms such as “the figure above” or the “figure below”.

When figures are referred to by their specific number, (example, Figure 2.1, 3.3, 4.4. etc.), they will always have the first letter ‘F’ capitalised, whether it appears at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence.

Carry details such as the time period and the units of measurement (if needed).

Indicate the source immediately below the figure. Only the word ‘Source’ will be italicised with capital S; left aligned, Times New Roman 12, followed by colon (:) Author.

In short, reports/assignments without distinction of separate chapters, the figures would be numbered sequentially as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 etc.

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Carry a brief description of the information (before the figure is introduced) and brief interpretation of the information contained, after the figure.

In a report divided into chapters, figures would be identified with the chapter. Thus, in Chapter 2 of the document, figures would be numbered sequentially as Figure 2.1, 2.2; and in Chapter 3 as 3.1, 3.2, etc. This numbering will not depend on the sub heading numbers.

In case an Appendix contains more than one figure, numbering of figures will identify the figures with the Appendix number.

Example: If there are two figures in Appendix I, the numbering would be Figure AI.1, AI.2. Similarly Figure AIII.1, AIV. 2, AV.1.....

Carry a description and interpretation of the information contained in the figure.

The source must be denoted as primary data or survey data if a figure is compiled on data collected by the writer.

Example:

Source: Survey data or

Source: Primary data

The figure legend should be placed within the borders of the figure.

Axis labels on graphs should be parallel to their axes.

Figure 1: The Learning Gap Source: Armstrong, M. (2012, p.291).

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Based on the American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style 7th

edition.

1. General Principles of Referencing

Referencing in the APA style is a two-part process:

Citation in the text: this is the brief indication of the source within the text of the work immediately following the use of the material whether quoted or paraphrased.

Reference list: a complete list of all the cited references used in the work with full details, to allow the reader to follow up these references and find the original text.

In addition, bibliography includes all the material consulted in writing the work, even if it is not cited within it.

a) In- text citations

The in-text citation appears within the body of the paper (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix) and briefly identifies the cited work by its author and date of publication. This in-text citation enables readers to locate the corresponding entry in the alphabetical reference list at the end of the paper. Each reference list entry provides the author, date, title, and source of the work cited in the paper and enables readers to identify and retrieve the work.

When a work has two authors, both names should always be cited every time the reference occurs in the text.

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When a work has three or more authors, only the surname of the first author is included, followed by et al. (not italicised) and the year.

In-text citations have two formats: parenthetical and narrative.

Parenthetical Citation: Both the author and the date, separated by a comma, appear in parentheses for a parenthetical citation. When two authors are parenthetically cited in-text, the surnames of the two authors will be separated by an ampersand (&). A parenthetical citation can appear within or at the end of a sentence. When a parenthetical citation is at the end of a sentence, put the period or other end punctuation after the closing parenthesis.

Examples: Falsely balanced news coverage can distort the public’s perception of expert consensus on an issue (Koehler, 2016).

Two authors:…. (Kotler & Armstrong, 2008).

Narrative Citation: The author appears in running text and the date appears in parentheses immediately after the author name for a narrative citation. In narrative in-text citations of two authors, the surnames of the two authors are separated by the word ‘and’.

Examples: Koehler (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage.

Two authors: Kotler and Armstrong (2008) ….

Special intext citation cases:

Number of Authors to Include in In-Text Citations

For a work with one or two authors, include the author name(s) in every citation.

For a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus “et al.” in every citation, including the first citation.

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Examples of Basic In-Text Citation Styles

Author Type Parenthetical Citation Narrative CitationOne author (Luna, 2020) Luna (2020)Two authors (Eifert & Yildiz, 2018) Eifert and Yildiz (2018)Three or more authors (Robins et al., 2019) Robins et al. (2019)

Citing Multiple Sources

When citing multiple sources parenthetically, place the citations in alphabetical order, separating them with semicolons.

Example: (Adams et al., 2019; Shumway & Shulman, 2015; Westinghouse, 2017)

If multiple sources are cited within the narrative of a sentence, they can appear in any order.

Example: Suliman (2018), Gutiérrez (2012, 2017), and Medina and Reyes (2019) examined

Citing multiple works by the same author(s)

Arrange two or more works by the same authors by year of publication. Place citations with no date first, followed by works with dates in chronological order (earliest to latest); in-press citations appear last. Give the authors’ surnames once; for each subsequent work, give only the date.

Examples: (Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d., 2017a, 2017b, 2019)

Zhou (n.d., 2000, 2016, in press)

Citing Unknown or Anonymous Author

When the author of a work is not named, the author may be unknown (no author listed).

Author should be cited as “Anonymous” only if the author of a work is specifically identified as “Anonymous”.

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For works with an unknown author include the title and year of publication in the in-text citation (the title moves to the author position in the reference list entry as well).

If the title of the work is italicised in the reference, also italicise the title in the in-text citation. If the title of the work is not italicised in the reference, use double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation.

Capitalise these titles in the text using title case even though sentence case is used in the reference list entry. If the title is long, shorten it for the in-text citation.

Examples: Book with no author: (Interpersonal Skills, 2019)

Magazine article with no author: (“Understanding Sensory Memory,” 2018)

When the author of a work is overtly designated as “Anonymous”, place “Anonymous” in the place of the author name in the in-text.

Multiple citations of same work within same paragraph

Once a narrative citation to a work has been provided in a paragraph, do not repeat the year in subsequent narrative citations in that same paragraph.

Example: McLean (2004) has shown that the effect of the drought on rural towns . . . McLean also demonstrated ….

Quotes

Quotation less than 40 words.

Quotations less than 40 words can be included in the body of the text, enclosed in quotation marks with the source identified immediately after.

For direct quotations, the author, year and page number are given.

For a single page, the number is given as p. 27. For a range of pages: pp. 245-246.

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When using direct quotations where page numbers are not provided, a section identifier and/or paragraph number should be given instead.

Example: (Leech, 2006, para. 13), (Boland, 2001, Conclusion section, para. 13)

If the quotation ends the sentence, rounded brackets are included in the sentence with a period after the closed bracket.

Example: There is still a labelling issue when it comes to flavourings in food, it is noted that, “flavours such as vanillin which occur naturally in food are called ‘nature-incidental’. The label does not have to state where it comes from” (Wilson, 2009, p. 257).

If the quotation makes up part of a sentence, then the quotation ends with double quotation marks (“) with the source immediately after, and the sentence continues.

Example: Wilson (2009) notes that “flavours such as vanillin which occur naturally in food are called ‘nature-identical’. The label does not have to state where it comes from” (p. 257) meaning that the...

Quotation more than 40 words

If the quotation is more than 40 words, then it should be presented in a new paragraph which is 0.5 inches indented from the normal margin, double space between lines in the quote. The quote should be preceded by a colon.

Example: Narrative citation format.

Wilson (2009) has looked at food flavourings in the UK and has made the following observation about vanilla:

In Britain flavours such as vanillin which occur naturally in food are

called ‘nature-identical’. The label does not have to state where it comes

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from. A flavouring only counts as fully ‘artificial’ if it does not occur in

nature at all, as is the case with another, stronger vanilla-substitute called

ethyl-vanillin (often used in chocolate). (p. 257)

Alternately, the above quotation can also be presented as follows in parenthetic citation format.

The use of food flavourings in the UK has been controversial, it has been noted that:

In Britain flavours such as vanillin which occur naturally in food are

called ‘nature-identical’. The label does not have to state where it comes

from. A flavouring only counts as fully ‘artificial’ if it does not occur in

nature at all, as is the case with another, stronger vanilla-substitute called

ethyl-vanillin (often used in chocolate). (Wilson, 2009, p. 257)

Secondary Citations

A primary source reports original content; a secondary source refers to content first reported in another source.

Cite secondary sources sparingly—for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable, or available only in a language that you do not understand.

When citing a secondary source, provide a reference list entry for the secondary source that you used. In the text, identify the primary source and then write “as cited in” the secondary source that you used. If the year of publication of the primary source is known, also include it in the text.

For example, if you read a work by Lyon et al. (2014) in which Rabbitt (1982) was cited, and you were unable to read Rabbitt’s work yourself, cite Rabbitt’s work as the original source, followed by Lyon et al.’s work as the secondary source.

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Only Lyon et al.’s work appears in the reference list.

Intext citation: (Rabbitt, 1982, as cited in Lyon et al., 2014)

If the year of the primary source is unknown, omit it from the in-text citation.

Allport’s diary (as cited in Nicholson, 2003)

b) Reference List

A reference list is an alphabetically arranged list of literature sources used in a paper. It starts on a new page immediately after the last page of the paper and before the appendices. The list has the heading References (centered, boldface font, not in italics, and not underlined). There should be no bullets or numbers for the references in the list.

Only the references cited in the work should be included in the reference list.

All references should have a hanging indent. That is, all lines of a reference subsequent to the first line should be 0.5 inches indented.

References should be listed alphabetically by the last name of the first author of each work.

Names of authors within a reference should appear in the order listed on its title page, and not in alphabetical order.

Special Reference List Cases:

In the case of works by different authors with the same family name, references should be listed alphabetically by the authors’ initials.

In the case of multiple works by the same author in different years, references should be listed chronologically (earliest to latest).

In the case of multiple works by the same author in the same year, references should be listed alphabetically by title in the Reference List. They should be identified by simple letters, e.g., 2020a, 2020b both in- text and in the list of references.

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c) Bibliography

Bibliography follows the same rules of referencing as the Reference List.

Principles of Reference List Entries

A reference generally has four elements: author, date, title, and source. Each element answers a question:

Author: Who is responsible for this work?

Date: When was this work published?

Title: What is this work called?

Source: Where can I retrieve this work?

Considering these four elements and answering these four questions will help to create a reference for any type of work.

Some commonly used sources are discussed below with examples to illustrate the referencing elements/entry item description.

Journal article

Carlson, D. S., Thomspon, M. J., & Kacmar, K. M. (2019). Double crossed: The spillover and crossover effects of work demands on work outcomes through the family. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(2), 214-228. https://doi.org/10.1037/ap10000348

Entry item Description

Author(s) Author A, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C, C.

Note “&” before the last author.

Ends with period after last author’s initials.

Carlson, D. S., Thomspon, M. J., & Kacmar, K. M.

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Date (year).

Ends with a period. (2019).

Title

Sentence case. Starts with capital after colon. Ends with a period.

Double crossed: The spillover and crossover effects of work demands on work outcomes through the family.

Source

Journal name

Volume number

Issue Number

Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(2),

Note comma after journal name (italics, title case), volume number(italics) Issue number in parenthesis (not italics), followed by a comma. There is no space between the volume number and the parenthesis for the issue number.

Page number(s)

214-218.

Note page numbers ending with a period.

DOI

If DOI is not available stop with page numbers.

Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(2), 214-218.

For online source include URL.

https://doi.org/10.1037/ap10000348

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2. Magazine article

Bergeson, S. (2019, January 4). Really cool neutral plasmas. Science, 363(6422), 33-34. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7988

Bustillos, M. (2013, March 19). On video games and storytelling: An interview with Tom Bissell. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-video-games-and-storytelling-an-interview-with -tom-bissell

Entry Item Description


“&” before the last author.


Begeson, S.

Bustillos, M.

Date (Year, month, date).

Ends with a period.

(2019, January 4).

(2013, March 19).

Title Sentence case. Starts with capital after colon.

Ends with a period.

Really cool neutral plasmas.

On video games and storytelling: An interview with Tom Bissell.

Source Italic (source name), Title case, followed by comma (not italic), volume number (italic) issue number in brackets, page numbers, ending with a period.

DOI/URL if available

Science, 363(6422), 33-34.

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7988

The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-video-games-and-storytelling-an-interview-with -tom-bissell

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3. Newspaper articles

Guarino, B. (2017, December 4). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will- humanity-react-to-alien-life-psychologists-have-some-predictions

Hess, A. (2019, January, 3). Cats who take direction. The New York Times.



Note “&” before the last author


Guarino, B.

Hess, A.

Date (Year, month, date).

Ends with a period. (2017, December 4).(2019, January 3).

Title Sentence case. Starts with capital after colon. Ends with a period.

How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions

Cats who take direction.

Source Italic (source name), Title case, ending with a period.

DOI/ URL if available

The Washington Post.The New York Times.

4. Books

With DOI:

Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092000

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(ii) Without DOI (print version):

Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power. Routledge.



Note “&” before the last author.


Brown, L. S.

Burgess, R.

Date (Year).

Ends with a period.

(2018).

(2019).

Title

Italics. Sentence case. Starts with capital after colon. Ends with a period, after the edition number, which is in parenthesis. Note that ‘nd’ in the edition number is not superscript.

Feminist therapy (2nd ed.).

Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power.

Source/ Publisher:

Not italic. Ends with a period. Place of publication not indicated.

American Psychological Association.

Routledge.

URL, if available.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092000

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Referencing Summary: APA 7th edition

1. BOOKS

Reference List In – text citation

One author (Print book/no DOI)

Daft, R. L. (2014). New era of management. Cengage Learning.

Parenthetical citation: …. (Daft, 2014).….. (Burgess, 2019)..... (Pilger, 2006).

Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power. Routledge.

Narrative citation: Daft (2014) ….Burgess (2019) …Pilger (2006)....

Pilger, J. (2006). Freedom next time. Bantam.

Note the hanging indent for reference list items. In titles of books and articles in reference lists, capitalise only the first word, the first word after a colon or em dash (—), and proper nouns.

Two authors (Print book/ No DOI)

Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2008). Principles of marketing. PHI Learning.

Parenthetic citation: …. (Kotler & Armstrong, 2008).…. (Shaw & Eichbaum, 2008).

Narrative citation: Kotler and Armstrong (2008) …Shaw and Eichbaum (2008) …

Shaw, R., & Eichbaum, C. (2008). Public policy in New Zealand: Institutions, processes and outcomes. Pearson Education.

Three or more authors up to 20 authors (Print book/ no DOI)

Watson, S., Gunasekaran, G., Gedye, M., van Roy, Y., Ross, M., Longdin, L., & Brown, L. (2003). Law of business organisations (4th ed.). Palatine Press.

Parenthetic citation:…. (Watson et al., 2003).

Narrative citation:Watson et al. (2003) ….

List all authors up to and including 20. The last author’s surname is preceded by an ampersand (&)

List the first author followed by et al.

Edited book (with DOI)

Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000

Parenthetical citation:…. (Brown, 2018).

Narrative citation: Brown (2018) ….

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Book with editor credited on the book cover (Print book or no DOI)

Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in systems: A primer (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green Publishing.

Note the initial before surname of Editor(s) and Ed. for one editor; Eds. for multiple editors.

Parenthetical citation:…. (Meadows, 2008).

Narrative citation: Meadows (2008) ….

No author or editor named (Print book / no DOI)

The complete encyclopaedia of garden flowers. (2003). Bateman.

Parenthetical citation:... (The Complete Encyclopaedia of Garden Flowers, 2003).

Narrative citation: The Complete Encyclopaedia of Garden Flowers (2003) ….For in-text citations: may use a short title in place of the author name. No quotation marks and no italics.

When no author or editor is named, place the title in the author position.

Chapter in an edited book (with DOI)

Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behaviour therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012

Parenthetical citation: … (Balsam et al., 2019).

Narrative citation: Balsam et al. (2019) …

Chapter in an edited book (print book /without DOI)

Sturgess, A. (2011). Celebrating the square peg: Twice-exceptional learners. In R. Moltzen (Ed.), Gifted and talented: New Zealand perspectives (3rd ed., pp. 379-403). Pearson.

The title of the edited book is italicised, not the title of the chapter. Chapter pages are indicated after edition number - as pp.379-403.

Parenthetical citation: …. (Sturgess, 2011)

Narrative citation: Sturgess (2011) ….

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Multi-volume work (with DOI)

Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., & Lindzey, G. (2010). Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002 /9780470561119

Parenthetical citations: (Fiske et al., 2010).

Narrative citations: Fiske et al. (2010) ….

Book with Corporate or group author (e.g. busi-ness, or-ganisation or gov-ernment depart-ment)

When the same organization is listed as the author and the publisher, omit the publisher name.

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).

Parenthetical citation: …. (American Psychological Association, 2019).

Narrative citation: American Psychological Association (2019) …

Postgraduate Institute of Management. (2018). PIM presentation guidelines: Assignments, reports and papers (6th ed.).

Parenthetical citation: … (Postgraduate Institute of Management, 2018).

Narrative citation: Postgraduate Institute of Management (2018) …

When publisher is different to corporate author, include the publisher name.

National Fire Protection Association. (2009). Fundamentals of fire -fighting skills (2nd ed.). Jones and Bartlett.

Parenthetical citation: …. (National Fire Protection Association, 2009).

Narrative citation: National Fire Protection Association (2009) ….

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Reports/ Publica-tion of Institu-tions

Australian Government Productivity Commission & New Zealand Productivity Commission. (2012). Strengthening trans-Tasman economic relations. https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/australia-new-zealand/report/trans-tasman.pdf

Parenthetical citations: … (Australian Government Productivity Commission & New Zealand Productivity Commission, 2012).

Narrative citations: Australian Government Productivity Commission and New Zealand Productivity Commission (2012) ….

Central Bank of Sri Lanka. (2019). Annual report. https://www.cbsl.gov.lk/en/about/bank-premises/economic-history-museum

Parenthetic citations:…. (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2019).

Narrative citations: Central Bank of Sri Lanka (2019) ….

2. PERIODICALS

(Journals, Weekly and Monthly Magazines, Newspapers )

Reference List In- text citation

One author (without DOI)

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences. Educational Leadership, 76(1), 26–33.

For all journal articles (both print and online) always include the journal issue number (if available) along with the volume number.

The volume number is italicised, but the issue number (and its parentheses) are not. There is no space between volume number and parenthesis of issue number.

Parenthetical citation: …. (Anderson, 2018).

Narrative citation: Anderson (2018) stated that….

One author (without DOI)

Washington, E. T. (2014). An overview of cyberbully in higher education. Adult Learning, 26(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045159514558412

For DOI, use the format https://doi.org/xxxxxx

Parenthetical citation: …. (Washington, 2014).

Narrative citation: Washington (2014) ….

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Two authors (with DOI)

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

Parenthetical citation: … (McCauley & Christiansen, 2019).Narrative citation: McCauley and Christiansen (2019) ….

Two authors (without DOI)

Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organisations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10–36.

Parenthetical citation: ….. (Klimoski & Palmer, 1993).Narrative citation: Klimoski and Palmer (1993) ….

Three or more authors up to 20 authors (Without a DOI, with a nondate base URL)

Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1), 17–39. https://www.ahead.org/professional- resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31

Parenthetical citation: ….. (Ahmann et al., 2018).

Narrative citation: Ahmann et al. (1993) ….

21 or more authors (With a DOI)

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., . . .Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–471. http://doi.org/fg6rf9

List the first 19 authors, then insert three dots (ellipsis …) and add the last author’s name.

Because the original DOI was long and complex, a short DOI is used (Section 9.36, APA). Either the long or short form of the DOI is acceptable.

Parenthetical citation: ….. (Kalnay et al., 1996)

Narrative citation: Kalnay et al. (1996) stated that ….

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Journal article, advance online publica-tion (with DOI)

Huestegge, S. M., Raettig, T., & Huestegge, L. (2019). Are face-incongruent voices harder to process? Effects of face–voice gender incongruency on basic cognitive information processing. Experimental Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000440

Parenthetical citation: …. (Huestegge et al., 2019).

Narrative citation: Huestegge et al. (2019) …

Journal article in press

Pachur, T., & Scheibehenne, B. (in press). Unpacking buyer–seller differences in valuation from experience: A cognitive modeling approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.

Parenthetical citation: …. (Pachur & Scheibehenne, in press).

Narrative citation:Pachur and Scheibehenne (in press) ….

No author named

Improving ADR reporting. (2002). The Lancet, 360, 1435.

When no author or editor is named, place the title in the author position.

Parenthetic citation:… (“Improving ADR Reporting”, 2002).

Narrative citation:“Improving ADR Reporting” (2002) ….

Second-ary cita-tions

Coltheart, M., Curtis, B. Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 589–608.

Enter the reference list for the source you have read (secondary source).

Parenthetic citation: … (Seidenberg & McClelland, 1990, as cited in Coltheart et al., 1993).

Narrative citation: Seidenberg & McClelland (1990, as cited in Coltheart et al., 1993) …Include the original work and the date, and the citation for the source where you found the information.

Monthly magazine article

Reid, T. (2005, January). Caffeine. National Geographic, 207, 2–33.

The magazine name and volume number are italicised.

Parenthetical citation: …. (Reid, 2005).

Narrative citation:Reid (2005) ….

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Weekly magazine article

Gasparino, C. (2005, July 25). Good news: You’re fired. Newsweek, 146, 48.

Parenthetical citation: …. (Gasparino, 2005).

Narrative citation:Gasparino (2005) ….

News-paper article

Guarino, B. (2017, December 4). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life-psychologists-have-some-predictions

Parenthetical citation: …. (Guarino, 2017).

Narrative citation:Guarino (2017) ….

3. CONFERENCE PAPERS, THESES, REPORTS


Confer-ence Paper

Zhang, H., & Llebot, C. (2019, April). Data sharing wizard: An active learning tool for students and researchers [Paper presentation]. Association of College and Research Libraries meeting, Cleveland, OH.

Title of the paper presented is italicised.

Parenthetic citation:… (Zhang & Llebot, 2019).

Narrative citation:Zhang and Llebot (2019) …

Paper from Pub-lished Proceed-ings

Arem, G. L. (2006). The effects of teaching and playing experience on ability to diagnose a motor skill. In P. Brewer & Firmin, M. (Eds.), Ethnographic and qualitative research in education: Proceedings of the seventeenth annual conference (pp.1-20). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Press.

Only the name of the published proceeding is italicised.

Parenthetic citation:… (Arem, 2006).

Narrative citation:Arem (2006) ….

Unpub-lished thesis

Healey, D. (2005). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and creativity: An investigation into their relationship [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Title of the thesis is italicised.

Parenthetical citation: …. (Healey, 2005).

Narrative citation: Healey (2005) ….

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Pub-lished thesis

Andrea, H. (2014). Effective networked nonprofit organizations: Defining the behavior and creating an instrument for measurement [Doctoral dissertation, University of Ohio]. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/

Title of the thesis is italicised.

Parenthetical citation: … (Andrea, 2014).

Narrative citation: Andrea (2014) ….

4. WEBSITES


Webpage with group author (year not declared)

Library of Congress. (n.d.). Today in history- February 14. https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/february-14/

Parenthetical citation: … (Library of Congress, 2014).

Narrative citation: Library of Congress (2014) ….

Webpage on a news website

Chappell, B. (2020, January 15). Virginia ratifies the equal rights amendment, decades after the deadline. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/01/15/796754345/virginia-ratifies-the-equal-rights-amendment-decades-after-deadline

Parenthetical citation: … (Chappell, 2020).

Narrative citation: Chappell (2020) ….

Website of an organisa-tion

Canadian Cancer Society. (2013, April 14). Cancer research. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/cancer-research/?region=on

Website is italicised.

Parenthetical citation: …. (Canadian Cancer Society, 2013).

Narrative citation:Canadian Cancer Society (2013) …

Internet docu-ment— no author

Effects of global warming on whales. (n.d.). http://www.stopwhaling.org/site/c.foJNIZOyEnH/b.2660179/kBB/Stop_Effect.on_whales_IFAW_US.htm

Parenthetic citation: …. (“Effects of Global Warming”, n.d.).

Narrative citation: “ Effects of Global Warming” (n.d.) …. In-text, use a short title.

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SECONDARY SOURCES


Book Truss, L. (2003). Eats, shoots, and leaves: The zero-tolerance approach to punctuation. Profile.

Record the book that you actually read.

Parenthetic citation: (Robinson, as cited in Truss, 2003).If the year in the primary source i.e. Robinson is available, it can be given

… (Robinson, 2001, as cited in Truss, 2003).Narrative citation: Robinson, as cited in Truss (2003) ….Or Robinson (2001) as cited in Truss (2003) ….

Journal Article

Bourke, C. A. (2005). A review of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) poisoning in cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal, 85(7), 261–267. http://doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00168.

Record the journal that you actually read.

Parenthetic citation: …. (Peet et al., as cited in Bourke, 2005).Or … (Peet et al., 2001, as cited in Bourke, 2005).Narrative citation: Peet et al. (as cited in Bourke, 2005) …….Or Peet et al. (2001, as cited in Bourke, 2005) ,…

Based on the above description, a sample Reference list is given below.

ReferencesAaker, D. A., Kumar, V., & Day, G. S. (2001). Marketing research. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Adair, S. R., & Mowsesian, R. (1993). The meanings of motivations of learning during the retirement transition. Educational Gerontology, 19(2), 317-330.

Andruske, C. L. (2000). Self-directed learning as a political act: Learning projects of women on welfare. Proceedings of the 41st Annual Adult Education Research Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Atherton, J. S. (2003). Learning and teaching: Knowles’ andragogy. http://www.dme.ac.uk/~jamesa/learning/knowlesa. htm

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Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41(1), 63-105.

Beedles, M. T. F. (2002). The uncertain role of alliances in the strategic armoury of the dominant firms in the global pharmaceutical industry (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia).

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education (5th ed.). Routledge Falmer.

Daft, R. L. (2014). New era of management(11th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Daniel, L. G. (1989, November). Comparisons of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis [Paper presentation]. The annual meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, Little Rock, AR. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 314 447).

Eisenberger, R., Cummings, J., Armeli, S., & Lynch, P. (1997). Perceived organisational support, discretionary treatment, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 812-820.

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

Huitt, W. (2004). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Educational psychology interactive. http://chiron.valdosta.edu/ whuitt/col/regsys/maslow.html

Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2008). Principles of marketing. PHI Learning.

Landy, F. J., & Becker, W. S. (1987). Motivation theory reconsidered. Research in Organisational Behavior, 9(1), 1-38.

Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organisational justice and organisational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845-855.

Ogles, M. T. (1990). The outcomes of using “learning contracts” with adult beginning readers in a one-on-one literacy program. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1990]. Dissertation Abstracts International, 51(06), 1875.

Pearson, E., & Podeschi, R. (1997). Humanism and individualism: Maslow and his critics. Proceedings of the Adult Education Research Conference, No.38 (May, 1997). Oklahoma State University.

Rosner, B. (1990). Fundamentals of biostatistics. PWS-Kent Publishing Company.

Spector, P. E. (1994). Job satisfaction survey. http:// chuma.cas.usf.edu/~spector/scales/jsspag.html

Tan, J. A., Hall, R. J., & Boyce, C. (2003). The role of employee reactions in predicting training effectiveness. Journal of Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14(4), 397-411.

Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2019). Microaggression theory: Influence and implications. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642

Wickramasinghe, G. L. D., & Wickramasinghe, V. (2010). Perceived organisational support, job involvement and turnover intention in lean production in Sri Lanka. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 55(5-8), 817-830. https://doi: 10.1007/s00170-010-3099-z

Yoon, J. K., & Lim, J. C. (1999). Organisational support in the workplace: The case of Korean hospital employees. Human Relations, 52(7), 923-945.

Zumrah, A. R., Boyle, S., & Fein, E. (2011). The moderating effect of perceived organisational support on the relationship between learning and transfer of training. http://www.wbiconpro.com/429- zumrah.pdf

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An assignment is a brief report consisting of approximately 12-15 pages. In assignments, it is advisable to arrange the contents under sections rather than chapters. Each section will address a key area of the assignment. A Table of Contents and an Executive Summary are not required, except for longer reports.

Model cover pages for assignments appear on pages 36 and 37.

The headings in an assignment will be follow the same format as for larger reports such as the final project reports, described in Chapter 2. The summary of the format of the headings to be used in assignments will be as below:

Level 1 Headingshould be centered, Times New Roman 14, boldface, upper-case or title case.

Level 2 Headings should be flushed left, Times New Roman 12, boldface, title case.

Level 3 Headings should be flushed left, Times New Roman 12, boldface, italicised, title case heading.

Level 4 Headings should be indented 0.5 inches, Times New Roman 12, boldface, title case, ending with a period. The paragraph starts on the same line, after the heading.

Level 5 Headings should be indented 0.5 inches, Times New Roman 12, Bold, italicised, title case, ending with a period. The paragraph starts on the same line, after the heading.

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Example:

Being Diligent in Becoming Digital (1st Level)

1. Introduction (2nd Level)

A brief paragraph, describing the aims of the paper.

2. Organisational Analysis (2nd Level)

2.1 SWOT Matrix (3rd Level)

2.1.1 Strengths. (4th Level)

2.1.2 Weaknesses. (4th Level)

2.1.3 Opportunities. (4th Level)

2.1.4 Threats. (4th Level)

2.1.5 Conclusions/Key Learnings From SWOT Analysis. (4th Level)

2.2 Internal and External Factor Analysis (3rd Level)

2.4.1 Internal Factor Analysis. (4th Level)

2.4.1.1 Conclusions From Internal Factor Evaluation. (5th Level)

2.4.2 External Factor Analysis. (4th Level)

2.4.2.1 Conclusions From External Factor Evaluation. (5th Level)

3.

4.

5.

6. Conclusion (2nd Level)

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References

References should start on a new page. Both hard sources and online sources should be cited in alphabetical order as a common list (Refer Chapter 4 on Rules for Referencing).

Appendices

Appendices should be numbered as Appendix I, Appendix II, Appendix III etc.

In case there are more than one table/figure in an appendix, the numbering should include the Appendix Number (AI, AII, AIII ...) and the Table/Figure number.

Examples:

Table A I.1, Table A II.2, Table A IV.2

Figure A I.1, Figure A III.2

Appendices (Should be started on a new page. Page numbering should be continued until the last page).

Student’s declaration for assignments

Assignments and other forms of evaluations during the term should be certified by the student(s) with the following declaration just after the cover page of the assignment:

I am/We are fully aware of the content under plagiarism stated in the PIM Student Handbook, and I/we hereby declare and affirm that I/we have strictly observed the law relating to intellectual property, copyright and plagiarism in this exercise (Student Handbook, 2018).

Student submissions will be subjected to screening by ‘Turnitin’ software. The punishment for plagiarism is severe and is described in the Student Handbook.

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Individual Assignment

Being Diligent in Becoming Digital

MBA/20/5025 A. A. Albert

Sub Group No.: A – 5

Course : MBA 525: Contemporary Organisations

Instructor : Prof. D. D. Dassanayake

Term : January - March 2021


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Group Assignment

COMPARISION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF XYZ BANK AND PQR GROUP

MBA/20/5025 A. A. AlbertMBA/20/5050 G. G. GilbertMBA/20/5075 W. W. Wilbert

Sub Group No.: A – 5

Course : MBA 525: Contemporary Organisations




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The font sizes for the cover page of Individual/Group Assignments are given below:

Individual Assignment Times New Roman, 14, Bold

Being Diligent in Becoming Digital (Title)

Times New Roman, 16, Bold.

MBA/20/5025: A. A. Albert Times New Roman, 12Sub Group No.: A – 5

Course: MBA 525: Contemporary Organisations

Instructor: Prof. D. D. Dassanayake

Term: January - March 2018

Postgraduate Institute of Management Times New Roman, 14

University of Sri Jayewardenepura Times New Roman, 10

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MBA/MPA students of the PIM are offered nine options to complete the research requirement of 15 credits in their study programmes, viz., (i) Management Research Project (ii) Management Case Study Research Project (iii) Entrepreneurship Skills Research Project (iv) Management Skills Research Project (v) Management Field Research Project and (vi) Management Policy Research Project. Guided Independent Study Project option is offered for EMBA students.

Management Research Project (MRP)/ Management Case Study Research Project (MCRP)

Entrepreneurship Skills Research Project (ESRP)/ Management Skills Research Project (MSRP)/ Management Field Research Project (MFRP)/ Management Policy Paper Research Project (MPRP)

Guided Independent Study Project (GISP)

Length of Report (ex-cluding Ref-erences and Appendices). + max 10%

MRP:Individual effort:20,000-25,000 words(pp. 80-100).

ESRP/MSRP/ MPRP:Individual effort (from 2022):20,000-25,000 words (pp. 80-100).

CSRIncluded in MSRP.One site (school), individual reports:20,000-25000 words (pp. 80-100).

MCRP:Individual effort:20000-25000 words (pp. 80-100).

MFRP:Individual effort:15,000-20,000 words(pp. 60-80).

GISP (for EMBA only):Individual effort:7,500 - 10,000 words (pp. 30-40).

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Sample size and meth-odology

MRP:

If a quantitative approach is used, at least five organisations must be covered with an appropriate sample size (at least 300 respondents). If a qualitative approach is used, at least 10 in-depth interviews and 4 to 5 focus groups should be used.

MCS:

Should be based on at least 10 in-depth interviews and 4 to 5 focus groups. In addition, quantitative data relevant to the study should be presented.

MSRP/MFRP:

Organisation-specific, and the project should be completed to meet the objectives and the projected benefit-cost.

ESRP:

Should achieve the projected objectives and benefit-cost.

GISP:

Should be based on at least five in-depth interviews and three focus group interviews.

Credit points

MRP: 15

MCRP: 15

ESRP/MSRP/MPRP: 15

MFRP: 15 (including a MFRP reading assignment-from 2022)

GISP: 5

All options involve a sound theoretical background, a clear framework, careful data collection and analysis, followed by a clear presentation of findings, conclusions and recommendations.

- 41 -

NB:

1. Students taking the Management Field Research Project (MFRP) option are required to take a compulsory elective course (a reading assignment with a take home exam) in addition to taking another elective course of their choice in order to meet the credit requirements.

Cover Pages

Cover pages for proposals and final reports are illustrated in the pages indicated. Instead of ‘Management Research Project Report’, substitute as deemed appropriate, the phrase ‘Management Skills Research Project Report’ or ‘Management Case Study Research Project Report’ or ‘Entrepreneurship Skills Research Project Report’ or ‘Management Policy Research Project Report ’ or ‘Management Field Research Project’. The year declared on the cover page is the year of the oral presentation.

Attention should be paid to the inner cover page format and the use of capital letters and simple letters, and the way the writer’s academic qualifications are presented. The name of the university/institute awarding the degree qualification should be indicated. Qualifications which are not recognized by the PIM as entry qualifications for its postgraduate study programmes should be omitted.

The cover pages should carry the title of the report/paper as follows:

Title must be brief (approx: 12 words).

It must give the reader a clear idea of the topic studied.

It is desirable to state the title as a relationship between variables.

The title should not be stated as a question.

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Proposal

Proposal cover page (Page 43)

Proposal approval page (Page 44)

Final report

Cover page (Page 45)

First inner cover page (Page 46)

Second inner cover page (Page 47)

The page numbers of the cover pages, as they appear in the PIM Presentation Guidelines, should not be indicated in the student report.

- 43 -

Proposal

JOB MOBILITY AND CAREER ADVANCEMENT

MBA/19/5004 A. Amerasinghe

Course : MBA 525: MRP/MCRP/ESRP/MSRP/MFRP/ MPRP




- 44 -

Proposal approval

Name: ...................................................................................................................................................

MBA Registration Number: ................................................................

Project Option: MRP/MCRP/ESRP/MSRP/MFRP/MPRP

Project Title: ......................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

The above proposal is submitted for approval.

Student Signature: ……………………………………… Date: ………………………….

Review of proposal

The Project Proposal, titled ……….…………………………………………….….......................

is acceptable to proceed/not acceptable to proceed.

The final date of submission will be: ..................................................................

Coordinator: ………….…………………………………... Date: …………………………..

Director’s Approval

The above proposal is accepted.

For records to Senior Assistant Registrar.

Director:…………………………………. Date: …………………...........

- 45 -

JOB MOBILITY ANDCAREER ADVANCEMENT

A. Amerasinghe

2021

- 46 -


ByA. AmerasingheBSc (SJP), ACA (SL)

Management Research Project report/Management Case Study Research Project report/Entrepreneurship Skills Research Project report/Management Skills Research Project report/Management Field Research Project/

Management Policy Project report/Guided Independent Study Project report submitted to the Postgraduate Institute

of Management, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the

Master of Business Administration Degree/Master of Public Administration Degree/Executive Master of Business

Administration Degree

Colombo - Sri Lanka2021

- 47 -

This is to certify that the Management Research Project report on


ByA. Amerasinghe

(MBA/19/5004)

has been accepted by the Postgraduate Institute of Management of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Business Administration Degree/Master of Public Administration Degree/Executive Master of Business

Administration Degree.

........................................ ........................................ Supervisor Director

.............................. .............................. Date Date

- 48 -

Font sizes for the cover pages are given below:

Proposal/Report Cover Page


Times New Roman, 18, Bold, Upper case

A. Amerasinghe Times New Roman, 18, Bold.

2021 Times New Roman, 14, Bold

First Inner Cover page



By Times New Roman, 16, Bold

A. Amerasinghe Times New Roman, 18, Bold

BSc (SJP), ACA (SL) Times New Roman, 16

has been accepted by the Postgraduate Institute of Management of the

University of Sri Jayewardenepura, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Business Administration

Degree

Times New Roman, 14

Colombo - Sri Lanka2021

Times New Roman, 18, Bold

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Second Inner Cover page

This is to certify that the Management Research Project report on

Times New Roman, 12,



By Times New Roman, 16, Bold

A. Amerasinghe Times New Roman, 18, Bold

MBA/19/5004 Times New Roman, 16

has been accepted by the Postgraduate Institute of Management, University of Sri

Jayewardenepura,in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the

Master of Business Administration Degree

Times New Roman, 12

Times New Roman, 12, Bold

Supervisor Director

Date Date

- 50 -

Declaration for a Management Research Project report/Management Case Study Research Project report/Entrepreneurship Skills Research Project report/Management Skills Research Project report/Management Field Research Project report/Management Policy Paper Research Project report/Guided Independent Study Project report.

Every student must include the under-mentioned declaration on a separate page immediately after the second inner cover page. The student thereby certifies that materials submitted for a previous degree are not being re- submitted for another award. He/She also certifies that all documents used for the report have been duly acknowledged. The practice of presenting another writer’s idea as your own is termed ‘plagiarism’ and is considered a serious academic offence.

I certify that this Management Research Project report/Management Case Study Research Project report/Entrepreneurship Skills Research Project report/Management Skills Research Project report/Management Field Research Project report/Guided Independent Study Project report/Management Policy Paper Research Project report does not incorporate without acknowledgement, any material previously submitted for a degree or a diploma in any university, and to the best of my knowledge and belief it does not contain any material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text.

(Signature) A. AmerasingheDecember 03, 2020.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

This must appear at the beginning of the report, and the title, table of contents, should be centred on the page. Indicate the chapter numbers and sub-headings and the relevant pages.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To be limited to a half page. The acknowledgement must be

First, to the project supervisor;

Second, to the Director, faculty and the PIM’s administrative staff;

Third, to participants who shared the information for the study;

Finally, to student’s spouse and family members.

ABSTRACT/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A Research Project report should have an Abstract (not more than one page).

A Management Skills Research Project report/ Entrepreneurship Skills Research Project report/Management Field Research Project report/ Management Policy Research Project report/Guided Independent Study Project report should have an Executive Summary (not more than two pages).

The Abstract/Executive Summary is written in the past tense, as it is written after completing the study.

The Abstract/Executive Summary provides the essence of the entire report/paper. It should be a ‘stand-alone’ document, and therefore, must be written concisely with separate paragraphs giving a statement of the problem, purpose of the study, methodology of the study, key findings and key conclusions. It should not contain sub-headings or statistical tables.

An Executive Summary, in addition, must incorporate the key abstracts may include recommendations, if required.

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Each chapter, other than Chapter 1 should have an introduction and a summary. The chapter introduction contains a brief outline of the structure of the chapter. Similarly, the chapter summary compiles the contents of the chapter.

The appendix should contain the relevant data sheets and any other information to support the project, and should be formatted according to the PIM Presentation Guidelines.

Preparation/formatting of report

The report should be printed only on one side of the paper.

Each new chapter should begin on a new page.

Each chapter, except Chapter 1 must have an Introduction. Each chapter other than Chapter 1 and 6 should have a summary.

As Chapter 1 is titled ‘Introduction’, the first sub-heading in Chapter 1 should read as Background; the last sub-heading in Chapter 1 should read as Chapter Framework.

Each chapter should carry a chapter number, and one line below it the relevant chapter heading. They should be centred at the top of the page (e.g., Chapter 1 in Times New Roman, font size 12, boldface).

Chapter heading is in Title case. e.g. Chapter 1

The chapter title is typed immediately below the chapter number. (e.g., DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS in Times New Roman, font size 14, upper case and in bold type).

Use of exaggerated phrases and colloquial expressions in academic reports should be avoided.

The report should be written in the third person. Instead of using words ‘I’ and ‘my view,’ use phrases such as ‘the writer (researcher) is of the view,’/‘it can be stated that’ etc.

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Use of Verb Tense

The suggestions on which verb tense is appropriate for various sections/ chapters of a research project report (adapted from APA manual) are given below. However, trying to be consistent with the chosen verb tense within a section, is advocated, as much as possible.

Past tense for Abstract/Executive Summary.

Future tense for chapter introduction.

Past tense (e.g. “Smith showed” or past participle (“researchers have shown”) for literature review.

Past tense (e.g. “anxiety decreased significantly” to describe results.

Present tense (e.g. “the analysis of Focus Group Interview 2 indicates” to discuss implications of the results and to present the conclusions.

Past tense for summary/conclusion.

The entire report should be free of grammatical, spelling and syntactical errors.

Number of copies to be submitted for the viva voce

For the oral presentation and defense, the student must submit to the PIM, one spirally-bound copy of the report, along with a CD.

After the viva voce, along with the report incorporating the changes specified for at the viva voce, he/she should submit a separate report listing each query and indicating the page(s) on which each query has been addressed.

The number of hard bound copies to be submitted to the PIM

Once approval is granted for hard-binding of final report, one hard-bound copy should be submitted for the records of the Institute.

The format for the cove page of the hard-bound copy is shown in page 45. Use font size 18 for the cover page of the hard-bound copy.

Colour of hard cover

Black: For Final project reports of MBA/MPA programmes

Red: For Ph.D. thesis

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The Management Research Project proposal helps the researcher clarify the nature of his/her investigation, and the methodology to be adopted. The format for the proposal is given below.

Title - The title should be stated clearly so that it conveys to the reader the subject matter of the proposed work. It is ideally stated as a relationship between two concepts. The title should be brief (approx. 12 words). The title should not be stated as a question.

The proposal should be written under separate sections and not as chapters.

Cover page (format given on page 43).

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 Problem Statement (a clear and brief statement of the management problem should be presented, substantiated by specific evidence)

1.3 Behaviour of the Problem (description of the nature of the problem with support of preliminary data, preferably with pilot study. Empirical and theoretical gaps should be identified and research questions raised)

1.4 Purpose of the Study

1.5 Objectives of the Study (to be stated specifically using action verbs)

1.6 Significance of the Study (the significance of the study should be stated from a research perspective and managerial standpoint. It should be clearly shown how the study intends to fill a knowledge gap, and how the practical recommendations made by the researcher would help organisational planning and decision making)

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1.7 Scope of the Study

1.8 Limitations of the Study

1.9 Summary

2. Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Relationship Between the Literature and the Problem Statement (the current state of knowledge on the subject to be summarized and critically reviewed)

2.3 Relationships Between the Important Variables (literature review should logically lead to the conceptual framework/concept indicator model)

2.4 Summary

3. Conceptual Framework/Concept Indicator Model

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Definition of the Concepts (with literature support. Derivation of hypotheses/propositions, supported by the literature)

3.3 Conceptual Framework/Concept Indicator Model (conceptualisation based on the above, leading to the Conceptual Framework/Concept Indicator Model)

3.4 Identification of Key Measures (key measures to be identified)

3.5 Operationalisation of Concepts (concepts used to be reduced to variables, indicators and measures, if a quantitative approach is taken)

3.6 Summary

4. Methodology

4.1 Introduction

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4.2 Approach to Data Gathering (quantitative and/or qualitative)

4.3 Data Measurement Methods and Justification

4.3.1 Data Gathering Techniques: Questionnaire, Interview Guide.

4.3.2 Reliability and Validity of Instruments.

4.3.3 Limitations.

4.4 Sample (description and selection procedure)

4.5 Summary

5. Plan of Study

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Time Schedule (an estimate of resources, and how the researcher will devote time during the project period)

5.3 Summary

6. REFERENCES

Both hard sources and online sources to be cited in alphabetical order as a common list (Refer Chapter 4 on Rules for Referencing).

7. APPENDICES

7.1 Copies of Instruments Used

7.2 Results of Pilot Studies (actual data)

7.3 Other Relevant Information

Length of Research Project/Thesis proposal: 12 - 15 pages (excluding References and Appendices).

NB: The research project/thesis proposal has to be approved by the PIM. The proposal approval page (format given on page 44) to be attached.

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Cover page (format given on page 45)

First inner cover page (format given on page 46)

Second inner cover page (format given on page 47)

Declaration (format given on page 50)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables iii

List of Figures iv

List of Abbreviations (if needed) v

Acknowledgements vi

Abstract vii

Chapter 1INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background (insert the page no.) 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem


1.4 Research Questions

1.5 Research Objectives

1.6 Significance of the Study

1.7 Methodology



1.10 Chapter Framework

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Chapter 2LITERATURE REVIEW

(At least 12 journal articles, including articles from ABDC/SCOPUS Q1, Q2 journals and the Sri Lankan Journal of Management should be used)

2.1 Introduction

2.2 .........................

2.3 .........................

2.4 Summary

Chapter 3CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK/CONCEPT INDICATOR MODEL AND

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Theorisation of the Research Problem

3.3 Development of Hypotheses/Prepositions

3.4 Conceptual Framework/Concept-Indicator Model

3.5 Key Definitions of Variables

3.6 Operationalisation (quantitative & qualitative methods)

3.7 Methodology; (Address Research philosophy; Research approach; Research choice; Research strategy; Time horizon; Unit of analysis; Population and sample).

3.8 Measurement Scales for Variables

3.9 Validity and Reliability of Measurement Properties

3.10 Pilot Study

3.11 Data Collection

3.12 Data Analysis

3.13 Summary

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For qualitative methods;

3.8 to 3.11: Address Trustworthiness; Creditability; Transferability; Dependability; Confirmability: Interview Guides

3.12 Coding; Themes; Pattern Matching/Interpretations; Cross Case Analysis.

Chapter 4DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

Quantitative method

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Data Preparation for Analysis

4.3 Descriptive Statistics

4.4 Common Method Bias

4.5 Non-response Bias

4.6 Tests for Multivariate Assumptions

4.7 Scale Refinement

4.8 Validation of Measurement Model

4.9 Structural Model and Hypotheses Testing

4.10 Summary of Findings

4.11 Summary

Qualitative method

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Data Analysis Process

4.3 Data Analysis Method

4.4 Data Interpretation

4.5 Discussion of Themes

4.6 Discussion of Propositions

4.7 Summary

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Chapter 5DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Linkage of Findings, Research Questions and Research Objectives Give brief on the study, mainly the problem focus on key relationships

and objectives; research questions and study of the relationships and key findings

5.3 Discussion of Findings

Link your findings to previous studies and discuss new findings

5.4 .........................

5.5 Summary

Chapter 6CONCLUSIONS

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Synopsis of the Study; Purpose; Measures, Analysis and Key Findings, and Study Conclusions

6.3 Theoretical Contribution

6.4 Managerial Implications

6.5 Social Implications (if any)

6.6 Limitations

6.7 Areas for Further Research

6.8 Conclusion (address items 4-8 and conclude the study)

References

Both hard sources and online sources should be cited in alphabetical order as a common list (Refer Chapter 4 on Rules for Referencing)

Bibliography (if needed)

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Appendix I: Questionnaire

Appendix II: Interview Guide

Appendix III: Details of Respondents

Appendix IV: Summary of Processed data

Description of the Contents of a Research Project Report

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Each chapter number and heading should be stated as shown above at the top of a new page.

Each chapter should begin on a new page.

The problem/issue should be stated clearly, described in details going into all its dimensions and aspects, and substantiated with hard evidence to show that it is a real (and not an imaginary) problem.

The purpose of the study should be clearly stated.

The specific objectives of the study should be stated using action verbs.

The significance of the study should be stated, both from a research angle (fills a knowledge gap), and its practical significance (i.e., offered through the researcher’s recommendations).

The methodology of the study should be stated (in brief).

The scope of the study should be stated (e.g., limited to the private sector, Colombo City, time period - post 1977, etc.)

The limitations of the study should be stated (e.g., size of sample, confidentiality of information, tendency to provide responses that are socially acceptable/desirable).

The chapter framework briefly describes contents of each chapter in the report.

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Chapter 2LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature review must be a critical review of literature relevant to the research problem and not an unconnected assemblage of excerpts from texts.

It must cover the important readings on the problem/issues studied. At least 12 journal articles, including ABDC ranked Journals, SCOPUS Q1, Q2 journals and Sri Lankan Journal of Management should be referred to.

It must be current (at least 5 articles must be within the last 5 years).

Any excerpts drawn from texts must be acknowledged. Plagiarism is a serious offence.

The literature review must help the researcher develop the conceptual framework/concept indicator model and identify the variables to be studied.

It also helps the researcher conduct a useful discussion of the findings later (i.e., in Chapter 5 of the report).

Chapter 3

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK/CONCEPT INDICATOR MODEL AND METHODOLOGY

An overview of the research should be provided, based on Chapter 2. Hypotheses/propositions should be supported, based on literature. The conceptual framework/concept indicator model must be derived from the literature review in Chapter 2. Concept Indicator Model is applicable in case of inductive/qualitative research.

Independent variables explaining the dependent variable must be clearly identified and described.

Hypotheses/Propositions must be clear and specific.

Hypotheses/Propositions must be testable - variables must be reduced to observable and measurable/describable terms.

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Hypotheses/Propositions must not be truisms, but should be open to challenge and falsification.

Hypotheses/Propositions must be stated in advance (before the conceptual framework is derived).

In case of quantitative research study, hypotheses should be indicated by use of subscripts (H1, H2, etc.), and in case of qualitative research study propositions should be indicated by use of subscripts (P1, P2, etc.).

Concepts used should be operationalised, reducing them to variables, indicators and measures.

The procedure for data collection (questionnaire, interview guide, etc.) should be clearly indicated linking it to previous studies.

Issues of validity and reliability must be addressed through the questionnaire/interview guide.

Scheme for allocating points must be indicated before doing the field study.

The sample must be selected carefully so as to be representative of the population.

Tables must have a number and a title at the top, and the source at the bottom.

Figures must have a number and title as well as source below the figure.

Chapter 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

Based on the study design the quantitative and qualitative data should be presented. In a study using quantitative methods, appropriate data analysis techniques (e.g. AMOS, SMART plus. etc.) should be used to support the hypotheses. A study using qualitative method should have a broad study framework/concept indicator model, present the interview/focus groups/secondary data to support the propositions. Studies using single case study/multiple case studies should have detailed case analysis supported by a cross case analysis (in multiple case studies) to support the propositions. A clear interview schedule must be presented, and appropriate qualitative data analysis methods should be used.

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Data should be presented using tables and figures.

Tables and figures should be clear, and a description should be provided under each.

Tables must have a number and a title at the top, and the source at the bottom. (Refer Chapter 3 Rules for Presenting Tables and Figures)

Figures must have a number and title as well as source below the figure.

Data analysis should be followed by clearly listed and described findings, which must relate directly to the hypotheses/propositions.

In case of reporting interview quotes in Sinhala/Tamil, in the report, a translation should be included in an appendix.

Chapter 5

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

Linkage of key findings, research objectives and research questions, and discussion of findings.

Findings must be derived from the data analysis, and should not be based on the researcher’s personal experiences and biases.

The discussion must relate to the hypotheses/propositions that were formulated. It should be a descriptive account of the findings and their implications.

The discussion should be related to previous studies (compare and contrast). Cross-case comparisons should be provided, for case study research.

Chapter 6

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions must flow from the discussion of the findings.

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General

The student must demonstrate authoritative knowledge of the subject area in which s/he is doing the research study.

Sample

The sample used for a research study, in the case of the deductive approach, must be large enough to satisfy the attribute of generalisability of research findings.

Use of Questionnaires/Interview Guides

Data may be gathered using either quantitative or qualitative methods or a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. If quantitative methods are used, at least five organisations must be covered with a sample size of a minimum of 300 respondents. Data should be triangulated using interviews/focus groups.

If only qualitative methods are used, the number of interviews and focus groups should be exhaustive and adequate in order to reach saturation of evidence. Data should be triangulated using appropriate methods. A minimum of 10 in-depth interviews and 4-5 focus group interviews are required.

Data for all research work must be collected systematically based on questionnaires and/or interview guides. These must be error-free, and receive the supervisor’s approval. Use the phrase: ‘Dear Participant’ instead of ‘Dear Respondent’, in communications.

When questionnaires are used, they should be based on validated survey instruments, and references of such survey instruments must be presented. Face validity of the questionnaire should be ascertained. A copy of the questionnaire/interview guide must appear in the report as an appendix.

In instances where interviews have been conducted in Sinhala/Tamil, the Sinhala/Tamil version of the questionnaire should be attached to the report, in addition to its English translation.

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The data collected should be presented as Appendices at the end of the report (preferably in Excel format)

Need for empirical research

It is important to note that MBA research goes beyond pure desk-research. It must have empirical content, and investigate the reasons why managers behave in the way they do when confronted by organisational problems or when adopting solutions to such problems.

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Case studies highlight a significant outcome such as a success or failure of a company. It can also bring out a case of success or failures in projects of significance which can lead to lessons for other companies.

Management Case Study Research Projects (MCRP) begin with the awareness of significant events surrounding the behaviour of an organisation in the market, and the use of qualitative methods in data collection and analysis narrate the events that led to the significant outcome along a timeline.

The unit of analysis of a case study is a company/a project completed in a period not less than past 3 years. Case study must be based on a currently operating company.

A brief outline on the case study proposal is given below.


1. Identification of a company selected to showcase an excellent performance/a failure/a significant outcome/or a specific event such as a project. Justification of the selection of the company based on the above criteria should be provided. Conduct a brief survey of the company to justify the selection.

2. A timeline should be focused upon (years/months), which will span to narrate “the story”. The timeline will focus on the critical period in which significant management drivers could be observed to act within a moderating environment, depending on the case.

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3. Investigation of the series of significant events occurred over the time period and description of these events. It is important to identify key drivers, environmental moderators, outcomes, issues etc. based on an initial study, using secondary data, preliminary interviews, focus group meetings etc. Qualitative methods are to be followed for data collection and analysis.

4. From the preliminary study described in 3 above, key drivers, environmental moderators and outcomes of significance should be identified along the timeline.

5. Based on 4 above, the case framework should be developed. The case framework could sometimes be approximated to models already existing in literature.

6. A brief preliminary literature survey should be carried out on the identified drivers, environmental moderators and outcomes.


1. Case Background

i) Organisational Information: Organisational information as a backdrop to the case.

ii) Case Theme: Identification and brief description of a particular theme with respect to the selected organisation. For example, sustaining market leadership through innovation; turnaround strategies; enhancing productivity, etc.

iii) Case Study Objectives: Statement of the objectives of the case study: Highlight the expected achievement.

iv) Limitations: Scope and limitations of the case: the confines of the narrative.

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2. Description of Case Study

i) Selection of Company/project: Briefly describe the justification for selection of the company based on the initial survey done in the company.

ii) Timeline: the selected timeline for the proposed narration should be given.

iii) Significant Events: From the initial survey of the company, events significant to the selected theme/case study should be identified and briefly described.

3. Case Framework

Based on the initial survey, the key drivers and environmental moderators, that would have led to outcomes should be identified.

The proposed case framework should be derived from these. It should be stated whether this case framework is similar to any framework available in literature.

A brief literature survey to support the framework should be presented.

4. Methodology

Specification and justification of the type of data planned to be collected, instruments for data collection, planned interviews and secondary sources of information, and data analysis techniques. The choice of the various elements of methodology will have to be guided by the objectives of the study.

A student who proposes to carry out a case study should attach a letter from an authorised officer from the relevant organisation, permitting him/her to conduct the project, collect data, conduct and record interviews. The letter of authority should be attached to the proposal.

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5. Prior approvals

Students must submit timeline, case framework, interview guide, focus group questions and interview schedule before commencement of data gathering, to the supervisor and for review to the Research Centre.

Students should conduct minimum 10 interviews and 4 – 5 focus group meetings and should follow research option guidelines on data collection.

Data collection should commence after approval of the Interview Guide and Focus Group questions, and be completed at least 6 weeks prior to the final report submission.

Students should bring all interviews transcribed, approved by the supervisor, to the viva.

NB: The case study proposal has to be approved by the PIM. The proposal will not be approved if a timeline as described in 2(ii) is not submitted.

Attach the Proposal Approval page (format given on page 44).

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In an MCRP report, Chapter 1 will introduce the general nature of the project. This will include a brief background of the case, information about the selected company, the theme of the case study, objectives of the study, scope and limitations of the study. The theme of the case study should reflect the learning from the study, and generally in a <if>, <then> format. Example: ‘value innovation leading to success of a social business’. The chapter framework will indicate the outline of the structure/contents of each of the subsequent chapters.

Chapter 2 will give an account of the literature survey done to understand the drivers, environmental moderators and outcome which will help formulate the case framework, reflecting the reality of the case. MCRP projects should reflect a sound theoretical foundation. At least twelve journal articles (of which at least 5 published within the last 5 years) must be used for the literature review, including articles from the ABDC ranked journals/ SCOPUS Q1,Q2 journals and the Sri Lankan Journal of Management (SLJM).

The case framework will be presented in Chapter 3. The framework should be derived from the evidence of what actually happened regarding the case, and should find adequate support from appropriate frameworks already available in literature, i.e. it can be developed by the student, based on the initial study of key events, derived from preliminary data collection etc. The case framework elements will include outcomes, drivers and environmental moderating factors. If clarification to the case framework emerges during the subsequent stages of the study, which better supports the narration, then the clarified case framework should be considered as the case framework in Chapter 5.

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Data collection includes secondary data, in-depth interviews, focus group interviews etc. Qualitative methods should be followed. While the data can be primary, secondary, quantitative or qualitative, their analyses should be logically consistent and convincing. In a case study, at least 10 in-depth interviews, in gathering data and four or five focus groups with supportive observations should be used. In addition, published company performance data should be presented as supportive quantitative data. Further, supportive data can be gathered based on newspaper reports, correspondence, etc.

Chapter 4 is dedicated to a detailed narration of the case study. A timeline with sequenced significant events should be presented in a graphical format in this chapter, highlighting the events along the selected time frame, along with key behaviours of drivers, and environmental moderators.

Detailed interview data should be given supported by evidence.

A timeline as gathered in data collection process should be presented in a narrative form. All writing must be in relation to the specific theme selected, and the case must be written in a style that will engage and sustain the interest of the reader. Focus on the critical challenges faced by the company, strategies adopted, and internal business processes supporting the strategy, points of departure, competitor actions, etc. The sequential unfolding of events evoking the elements of the case framework will provide interesting reading, and lead up to an understanding of the connections between performance drivers and outcomes; actions and results of the organisation. The narrative of the case along the events in the timeline will be based on the elements (drivers, environmental moderators/outcomes) of the case framework. There will, of course, be “gaps” in the story narrated. In this regard, the reader will attempt to find answers to specific questions (say, five) that the writer will pose at the end of the case. The analysis of the qualitative data gathered, coding etc. should be presented in appendices.

The case narrative must be self-contained, and a “stand alone” chapter could be published separately.

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The discussion of the study will be written in Chapter 5. This discussion must reflect objective findings in the case, and should not be based on the writer’s own perceptions and assumptions. The discussion must relate to the case framework that was formulated, and reflect the literature sourced, thereby contributing to research in the relevant discipline. It should be a descriptive account of the implications of the findings, and their relevance and usefulness in particular organisational/market settings.

Conclusions, presented in Chapter 6 must flow directly from the discussion of the findings. At the end of the case, the writer must include case study questions in order that the reader can make reasonable assumptions and offer solutions, and fill the “gaps” in the case. The case study questions reflect the general learning for the reader from the case. Questions should be related to the case but should be applicable to similar organisations/industry.

The contents of each chapter are given in the undermentioned format for the MCRP project report.





TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables iii

List of Figures iv


Acknowledgements vi

Abstract vii

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION


1.2 Company Information

1.3 Theme of Case Study

1.4 Objectives of the Study




Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW(At least 12 journal articles, including articles from ABDC ranked journals,

SCOPUS Q1, Q2 Journals and the Sri Lankan Journal of Management should be used)

2.1 Introduction

2.2 .........................

2.3 .........................

2.4 .........................

2.5 Summary

Chapter 3

CASE FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Key Drivers, Environmental Moderators, Outcomes

3.3 Case Framework

3.4 Data Collection and Analysis Methods

3.5 Summary

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Chapter 4

CASE NARRATIVE AND FINDINGS

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Company Today

4.2.1 Company Background

4.2.2 Outcome (timeline to included here)

4.3-4.5 Narration Supporting the Key Elements of the Framework, on a Timeline

4.6 Summary

Chapter 5

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

5.1 Introduction

5.2 .........................

5.3 .........................

5.4 Summary

Chapter 6

CONCLUSIONS

6.1 Introduction

6.2 .........................

6.3 Lessons Learned (Managerial, Social, etc.)

6.4 Case Study Questions

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References

Both hard sources and online sources should be cited in alphabetical order as a common list. (Refer Chapter 4 on Rules for Referencing)


Appendix I: Questionnaire

Appendix II: Interview Guide

Appendix III: Details of Respondents

Appendix IV: Any Other Relevant Information

NB: On completion of the project, the student must obtain a letter from the organisation certifying that the case study data collection (in-depth interviews, focus group meetings, secondary data) has been conducted at the organisation. This letter should be attached to the final report.

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All areas must be addressed;


Justifiable investment should be clearly detailed.

1. Brief description of the idea leading to the entrepreneurship project, and the competency of entrepreneurs related to doing the project. The significance in relation to both tangible and intangible benefits it will deliver to the stakeholders should be stated. How it will meet the customers’ needs should also be specified.

2. The business case should be presented by outlining the business model and the project plan to achieve the business objectives. The customers’ needs should be addressed in detail. The means through which results will be produced to justify the project must be shown. Support should be provided with a start-up business model and plan.

3. A detailed feasibility study including market feasibility; technical and production feasibility; economic feasibility and financial feasibility should be provided. Financial feasibility is essential, and should include projected cash flow, Profit and Loss analysis up to breakeven, and a balance sheet. Any proposal that comes without clearly addressing the above feasibilities will not be approved.

4. The project should be defined with clear projected outputs and outcomes, and a project plan, Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), project controls and project team should also be included.

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5. Brief indication of resource allocation; resources required and how they will be deployed should be stated. This should address what is required to implement the different project components identified in the work breakdown structure (WBS).

6. The estimated cost to implement the project should be projected, and a benefit-cost analysis provided.

7. Brief time plan for implementation should be spelt out.

No. Item Week 1-2

Week 3-5

Week 6-10

Week 11-13

1 Project proposal2 Resource allocation3 Project component 1

Project component 2Project component 3Project component 4

4 Evaluation5 Benefit-cost analysis6 Writing of report and submission

* Project components refer to major elements of WBS.

9. Remarks: limitations, if any.

NB: The project proposal has to be approved by the PIM.

Proposal Approval page (format given on page 44) to be attached.

All projects must be run as a business for at least 3 months before submitting final project. P and L, Cash flow for 3 months and Balance sheet as at submission day should be provided certified by an auditor/charted accountant. The project will be audited independently by an auditor nominated by PIM before the viva voice.

Projects that require special regulatory approval such as medical/cosmetics and drugs should not be selected. Students should register with the Genesis. Progress of the project should be online on the PIM Genesis website.

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Stages of projects identified: (a) idea generated, business registered and operated by the student as part time work (b) idea generated, business registered and operated by the student with few employees on a full time basis, may not breakeven (c) idea generated, business registered and operated by the student with full time employees and showing monthly revenue exceeding Rs. 300,000. Category (a) and (b) will have a lower evaluation compared with category (c) irrespective of investment.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables iii

List of Figures iv

List of Abbreviations (If needed) v

Acknowledgements vi

Executive Summary vii

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION


1.2 Project

1.3 Significance of the Project

1.4 Methodology

1.5 Limitations


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Chapter 2

OPPORTUNITY IDENTIFICATION

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Background of the Project

2.3 The Opportunity and Project Idea

2.4 Business Case (customer needs; customer requirements; target beneficiaries)

2.5 Project Deliverables (output/outcome/impact)

2.6 Summary

Chapter 3

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR DIAGNOSIS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Literature Review/Theoretical Background (At least 12 journal articles, including articles from Sri Lankan Journal of Management should be used. The literature review should relate to the business case)

3.3 The Value Proposition

3.4 The Business Model and Business Plan

3.5 Marketing Strategies (wedges of entry)

3.6 Technical and Production Feasibility (innovations)

3.7 Economic Feasibility (projected benefit-cost analysis)

3.8 Financial Feasibility (sources of funding; sales plan and revenue for three years; cash flow and budget; projected operating cost for three years; time value of money (TVM); net present value (NPV); break even analysis (BEA)

3.9 Ecological/Environmental Feasibility

3.10 Social/Political/Ethical/Legal Feasibility

3.11 Summary

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Chapter 4

THE PROJECT/METHODOLOGY

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Project; Project Components

4.3 Project Plan (stages of implementation of the project/project components)

4.4 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

4.5 List of Tasks (resource allocation)

4.6 Procurement Plan (raw material supply)

4.7 Project Team Structure

4.8 Project Controls (quality; cost delivery; earned value analysis allocation; progress reports)

4.9 Summary

Chapter 5

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS/FINDINGS

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Project Implementation (describe the implementation of each project component)

5.3 Key Variances (from projected cost, delivery and time)

5.4 Issues in Project Implementation

5.5 Profit and Loss Statement and Balance Sheet for 3 Months Period.

5.6 Summary

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Chapter 6

PROJECT OUTPUTS/FINDINGS, DISCUSSION AND SKILLS DISPLAYED

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Outputs and Outcomes

6.3 Activity, Benefit-Cost Analysis

6.4 Discussion of Business Model and Components (The business model and the components should be linked to literature)

6.5 Conceptual Skills

6.6 Interpersonal Skills

6.7 Technical Skills

6.8 Management of the Project (e.g. give a Gantt chart)

6.9 Summary

References



Appendices: The Promoter’s Competencies, Experience

Any other relevant Appendices.

Financial feasibility must be established before commencing the project, and sources of funds should be clearly indicated.

The theoretical background should be developed through a literature review using at least twelve journal articles including articles from ABDC ranked journals/SCOPUS Q1, Q2 and the Sri Lankan Journal of Management (SLJM). At least 5 articles must be published within the last 5 years.

The discussion in Chapter 6, should focus on linking the project business model and components with literature, thereby, contributing to existing research in entrepreneurial discipline.

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A Management Skills Research Project (MSRP) addresses either a significant performance issue in a company such as a decline in competitiveness or an attractive opportunity that would enhance current profitability. It offers an excellent opportunity for MBA students to use the knowledge gained from their coursework to address an organisational issue and demonstrate their skills by resolving that issue.

Unit of analysis in an MSRP, is a company employing not less than 25 employees. As special cases of entrepreneur development projects of companies with less than 25 employees can be considered, if the company’s revenue is significant. In the event of selecting development of entrepreneur, as skills research project (Entrepreneur Development Skills Research Project), the business should have minimum of Rs. 500,000 per month revenue. In this project option, the implementation will be monitored by Genesis.

Format for the proposal of MSRP is given below.


All areas must be addressed


1. Brief description of the organisation: General and task environment, products, revenue, profits/losses, value additions, etc.

2. Brief description of the current situation leading to problem or opportunity identification: clearly illustrate with data, the performance gaps in any selected area; marketing, manufacturing, services, human resources, etc. and how they affect financial performance. Completion

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of the project should lead to reduction of costs incurred by or benefits accrued to the organisation, which will reflect on the company’s financial performance.

3. Preliminary problem analysis (basic cause and effect analysis). Identify 3-4 main cause categories leading to the key problem.

4. Identification and justification of the management method/techniques used to address the defined problem or opportunity.

5. Brief description of the project: this should fill the gap between what is expected and the current situation. The project should resolve the problem or exploit the opportunity identified in Section 2 above. It should be clearly stated how the student proposes to address the performance gap in the selected area.

6. Brief description of the project components. The project may have a number of components, but should be restricted to three to three to four components, linked to the main cause categories identified in 3 (preliminary problem analysis).

7. Brief indication of resource allocation: resources required and how they will be allocated. This should address what is required to implement the different project components, leading to the budget and benefit-cost analysis.

8. Projection of the estimated cost to implement the project and a benefit-cost analysis.

9. The expected outputs (quantifiable) and the resulting outcomes of the project should be clearly stated.

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10. Brief time plan for project implementation should be given.

No. Item Week 1-2

Week 3-5

Week 6-10

Week 11-13

1 Project proposal2 Resource allocation3 Project component 1

Project component 2Project component 3Project component 4

4 Evaluation5 Benefit-cost analysis6 Writing of report and submission

11. Remarks: limitations (if any), and the extent to which the project components can be completed should be indicated.

12. A student who has opted to conduct a skills project should attach a letter from the relevant organisation authorising him/her to conduct such project. The letter of authority should be attached to the project proposal. The student is expected to inform the company of the components (implementation plan) for the project and the letter of authorisation should clearly indicate that the company is agreeable to implementation of the specific components.

13. In selecting a skills project, a student must ensure that the project outputs he/she intends to achieve are entirely within the control and capability of that organisation, and that project success does not depend on initiatives to be taken by other institutions.

NB: The project proposal has to be approved by the PIM.

Proposal Approval page (format given on page 44) must be attached.

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In a Management Skills Research Project report, Chapter 1 will introduce the general nature of the project. This will include a brief background of the problem/opportunity addressed in the project, brief description of the project, the significance of the project/benefits to organisation through resolving the problem/issues, limitations of the project (scope of project, constraints anticipated). The chapter framework will indicate the outline of structure/contents of each of the subsequent chapters.

Chapter 2 will be devoted to description of the organisational/industry profile and an analysis of the organisation/industry in its wider environmental context using appropriate tools such as SWOT and Internal / External Factor Evaluation. These analyses should help to identify broad problems or opportunities. An accurate identification of the industry/industry in which the firm operates is important, e.g., designer wear and not basic garments; gift tea and not bulk tea. Description of the key problem involves establishing performance gap of problem with data evidence for the past several months/years, supported by interviews with relevant personnel. The key problem should be operational and not strategic in nature, and which can be solved during the project period. The impact of the problem to be highlighted with reference to organisation’s cost, profitability etc and also qualitative measures. In addition to the key problem, other critical issues/factors contributing to the key problem will also be identified as sub problems. These sub problems will also be described, establishing the performance gaps with data evidence for the past several months/years, supported by interviews with relevant personnel. It is re-iterated that sub problems are only those that lead to/contribute to the key problem, not separate, additional problem. Key problem to be analysed using Cause and Effect (Ishikawa) analysis. Identification of 3 to 4 cause categories are recommended, with root cause identification at the fourth level of analysis.

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Chapter 3 will give an account of the literature review carried out to understand the concepts which will help to formulate the theoretical framework. In case of Entrepreneur Development projects, the literature review will lead to formulation of a study framework. At least 12 ABDC ranked/ SCOPUS Q1, Q2 ranked/SLJM journal articles should be used for the literature review. At least 5 of the articles must be published within the last 5 years. The study framework, thus drawn through the literature survey, is clearly linked to the problem analysis in 2.6 and will lead to project components used to resolve the selected problem. The techniques identified to resolve the problem will be described in this chapter.

Chapter 4 consists of SMART project objectives (one or two main objective(s) and three to eight sub objectives), achievable within the project period. Three to four project components, linked to the study framework are identified in Chapter 4.

The components include activities which would address critical issues and would help to resolve the problem. Current situation analysis of each component is followed by solution(s) development. Detailed activities proposed under each specific solution should be given (solution appendices and relevant budget appendices).

All resources required and the allocation for different project components as well as project team structure/responsibilities should be identified. Projected outputs/outcomes should be identified for each project component/activity. Cost estimates/benefit – cost analysis should be included.

Chapter 5 will deal with implementation of the project. In this chapter, a detailed account of implementation of activities in each project component should be given. Variations in projected cost, delivery and time of each project component should be accounted for with justification for such variation. Issues/challenges encountered in carrying out the project should be discussed.

Chapter 6 will present the results of the project- tangible outputs of the project and the long term impacts (outcomes). Activity, benefit- cost analysis will be presented in this chapter. Discussion of linkage of theoretical findings and

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the practical situation encountered while resolving the identified problem/opportunity to be presented. The discussion of the outcome and the identified components in the practical situation, should link the theoretical finding from literature and the practical findings of the project, thereby contributing to the research in the discipline relevant to the skills project.

Recommendation of long term solutions is optional.

The technical, conceptual and interpersonal skills used in the project as well as the skills developed during the project by the student should be described. It is useful to draw up a schedule listing specific situations and the manner in which the skills were displayed/developed in each situation.

Management of the project will be presented through Gantt chart and 5W1H.

The contents of each chapter are given in the under-mentioned format for the Management Skills Project Report.





TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables iii

List of Figures iv

List of Appendices v

List of Abbreviations (if needed) vi

Acknowledgements vii

Executive Summary viii

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION


1.2 Project


1.4 Methodology

1.5 Limitations


Chapter 2


2.1 Introduction

2.2 Organisational Profile

2.3 Organisational Analysis (using appropriate frameworks such as SWOT analysis, PESTEEL, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, Internal and External Factor Evaluation). In case of Entrepreneur Development projects, analytical frameworks such as Strategy Canvas, 4R to be used to identify problem, issues)

2.4 Key Problem/Opportunity

Briefly describe key problem/ opportunity. Also identify sub problems which contribute to the key problem.

2.5 Description of the Problem/Opportunity (and the sub problems contributing to the key problem) are described with data evidence and interviews with relevant personnel.

Problem(s) to be linked to organisation’s profitability/cost/revenue.

2.6 Analysis of the Key Problem/Opportunity

2.7 Summary

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Chapter 3

LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Theoretical Background to the Problem/Opportunity (At least 12 journal articles from ABDC ranked journals/SCOPUS Q1, Q2

journals/Sri Lankan Journal of Management should be used)

3.3 Study Framework

3.4 Description of Techniques

3.5 Summary

Chapter 4


4.1 Introduction

4.2 Project Objectives Main objective (overall objective) Sub objectives related to each project component

4.3 The Project; Project Components

4.3.1 Project Component

4.3.1.1 Current Situation of the Project Component.

4.3.1.2 Solution(s) Development. Each solution linked to annexures of detailed implementation action

plan/budget

4.4 Resource Allocation

4.5 Cost Estimates/Benefit-Cost Analysis

4.5.1 Cost Estimates

4.5.2 Benefit-Cost Analysis

4.6 Projected Outputs and Outcomes

4.7 Project Plan

4.8 Summary

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Chapter 5

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND FINDINGS

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Project Implementation

5.3 Variations from Projected Cost, Delivery and Time

5.4 Issues in Project Implementation

5.5 Summary

Chapter 6

PROJECT OUTPUTS, DISCUSSION AND SKILLS DISPLAYED

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Outputs and Outcomes

6.3 Activity, Benefit-Cost Analysis

6.4 Discussion of Components (Link to literature)

6.5 Conceptual, Interpersonal and Technical Skills Developed/Displayed

6.6 Management of the Project (Gantt chart, 5W 1H)

Long Term Recommendations (optional)

6.7 Summary

References

Both hard sources and online sources should be cited in alphabetical order as a common list, and in accordance with Chapter 4 on Rules for Referencing.

Bibliography (if required)

Appendices (if relevant)

On completion of the project, the student must attach a letter from the organisation certifying that the project or the named components of the project have been duly completed, and the outputs and outcomes stated in the report have been achieved.

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The Management Field Research Project (MFRP) option requires a student to undertake one additional elective course and a field project to be placed on a par with the 15 credit Management Skills Research Project option. The elective course will be worth 2 credits and the field project component will be allocated 13 credits. Thus, in total, the Management Field Research Project option will be of 15 credit weightage. There will be a viva voce at the end of the project. The project will be carried out as an individual student project.

Prerequisite: The field project should be linked to a core course or an elective.

For example, an HR related Management Field Research Project such as high employee turnover, will be based on a core HR course and/or additional electives in HR; An organisational process improvement related MFRP such as low capacity utilization/productivity will be based on the Management of Business Operations core course and Quality and Productivity Techniques elective course; Low market share/declining sales will be based on the core course of Marketing Management.

As in a Management Research Skills Project, a Management Field Research Project addresses either a significant performance issue in a company, such as a decline in competitiveness or an attractive opportunity that would enhance current profitability. It offers an excellent opportunity for MBA/MPA students to use the knowledge gained from their study programme to analyse an organisational issue and to develop recommendations for resolving the issue. The project will be linked to literature. As in Management Skills Research Projects the unit of analysis is the organisation, with minimum 25 employees.

In the Management Field Research Project, the student is required to describe the current situation related to the problem, through a survey based on the

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organisation’s performance records, previous reports, interviews, and gather data based on the overall objective of the study.

Example: If high employee turnover is the performance gap being surveyed, key issues for this problem are identified through survey data, and thereon recommendations are developed. The recommendations should offer solutions which will lead to the reduction of the identified performance gap.

The components for implementing the recommended solutions and the projected outputs and outcomes should be identified and described.

Contents to be included in the Management Field Research Project proposal are outlined below.

The proposal should be written under separate sections, and not as chapters.



1. Brief description of the organisation: Name of organisation, year established, products/market, revenue, profits/losses, value addition, etc.

2. Brief description of the current situation leading to the problem or opportunity identification. The performance gap should be illustrated in any selected area: marketing, manufacturing, services, human resources, supply chain management, etc. with a description of how it affects the organisation’s performance.


4. Identification and justification of the management methods/techniques which can be used to address the identified problem.

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5. Brief description of the recommended project components. The recommended project may have a number of components, but should be restricted to three to four, linked to the main cause categories identified in the cause and effect analysis.

6. A time plan for the implementation of the proposed project.

7. Brief indication of resource allocation: resources required and how they may be allocated. This should address what is required to implement the different project components, leading to the budget and benefit – cost analysis.

8. The expected outputs (quantifiable) and the resulting outcomes of the project.

The project proposal should be approved by the PIM.

Proposal Approval page (Format given on page 44) should be attached to the proposal document.

NB: The final report takes the role of a consultant; acceptable to a CEO/Board of Directors.

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Management Field Research Project (MFRP) addresses either a significant performance issue in a company/industry such as a decline in competitiveness or an attractive opportunity that would enhance current profitability. It provides an opportunity to use the knowledge gained from the MBA/MPA to analyse an organizational issue/opportunity and to develop solutions/plans to resolve/exploit it. The solutions will be supported with literature.

In the Management Field Research Project, the student is required to identify a problem/opportunity from organisation’s performance records, previous reports, interviews and gather data based on the overall objective of the study.

In a Management Field Research Project report, Chapter 1 will introduce the general nature of the project. The project is the mechanism to resolve the identified problem. This will include a brief background of the problem addressed in the project, the project, the significance of the project/benefits to organisation/ industry through resolving the problem/issues, limitations of the project (scope of project, constraints anticipated). The chapter framework will indicate the outline of structure/contents of each of the chapters.

Chapter 2 will be devoted to description of the organisational/industry profile and an analysis of the organisation/ industry in its wider environmental context using appropriate tools such as SWOT and PESTEEL. These analyses should help to identify broad problems or opportunities. An accurate identification of the industry/industry in which the firm operates is important, e.g., designer wear and not basic garments; gift tea and not bulk tea. Description of the key problem(s) involves establishing performance gaps of problem(s) with data evidence for the past several months/years, supported by interviews with relevant personnel. The key problem should be operational and not strategic in nature, and which can be solved during short to mid-term period. The

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impact of the problem(s) to be highlighted with reference to organisation’s cost, profitability etc and also qualitative measures. In addition to the key problem, other critical issues/factors contributing to the key problem will also be identified as sub problems. These sub problems will also be described, establishing the performance gaps with data evidence for the past several months/years, supported by interviews with relevant personnel. It is re-iterated that sub problems are only those that lead to/contribute to the key problem, not separate, additional problem. Key problem to be analysed using Cause and Effect (Ishikawa) analysis. Identification of 3 to 4 cause categories are recommended, with root cause identification at the fourth level of analysis.

Chapter 3 will give an account of the literature review done to understand the concepts which would help to formulate a theoretical framework which will lead to recommendations to resolve the problem identified. A minimum of 12 journal articles (ABDC ranked/ SCOPUS Q1, Q2 ranked journals/Sri Lankan Journal of Management) should be referred to, with at least 5 articles published within the last 5 years. The techniques used in the project should be described.

Chapter 4 consists of a main/overall objective and component specific sub objectives, all of which are SMART. Three to four components, linked to a study framework are identified in Chapter 4. The components include activities which would address critical issues and would help to resolve the problem. Current situation analysis of each component is followed by solution(s) development. Detailed activities proposed under each specific solution should be given (solution appendices and relevant budget appendices). All resources required and the allocation for different project components as well as project team structure/responsibilities should be identified. Cost estimates/benefit – cost analysis should be included.

Chapter 5 will focus on findings. Tangible and intangible Benefit- Cost analysis will be presented. A table of projected outputs and outcomes, linked to objectives (in Chapter 4) will be included..

Discussion of findings will be presented in Chapter 6. Discussion should link theoretical and practical findings to all the components and the outcomes, thereby contributing to the research in the relevant discipline of the MFRP.

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Recommendations would indicate the critical aspects/pre-requisites, relating to the solutions developed. Short term and mid term recommendations would cover solutions to be implemented within a timespan of 6 months to 1 year. Recommendation of long term solutions is optional. In case there are long term solutions and recommendations, corresponding benefit- cost analysis will have to be incorporated in chapters 4 and 5.

The contents of each chapter are given in the under-mentioned format for the Management Field Project report.





TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables iii

List of Figures iv


Acknowledgements vi


Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION


1.2 Project


1.4 Methodology

1.5 Limitations


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Chapter 2


2.1 Introduction

2.2 Organisational Profile

2.3 Organisational Analysis (using appropriate frameworks such as SWOT analysis/PESTEEL)

2.4 Key Problem(s)/Opportunities Briefly describe key problems/opportunities. Also identify sub problems which contribute to the key problem.

2.5 Description of the Problem(s)/Opportunities Key Problem/Opportunity (and the sub problems contributing to the

key problem) are described with data evidence and interviews with relevant personnel.

Problem(s) to be linked to organisation’s profitability/cost/revenue or Industry outcomes

2.6 Analysis of Key Problem/Opportunity

2.7 Summary

Chapter 3

LITERATURE REVIEW(At least 12 journal articles, including articles from ABDC/SCOPUS Q1, Q2

ranked journals/Sri Lankan Journal of Management should be used)

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Theoretical Background to the Problem

3.3 Study Framework


3.5 Summary

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Chapter 4


4.1 Introduction

4.2 Field Project Objectives

Main objective (overall objective)

Sub objectives related to each project component

4.3 The project: Project Components



4.3.1.2 Solution(s) Development.

Each solution to be linked to appendices of implementation details and relevant budget


4.5 Cost Estimates

4.6 Summary

Chapter 5

FINDINGS

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Benefit -Cost Analysis (Tangible and Intangible)

5.3 Projected Outputs and Outcomes (Table, linked to 4.2)

5.4 Summary

Chapter 6

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Discussion of Findings (Linked to 3.2, Components and Outcomes)

6.3 Recommendations

6.4 Conclusions

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References

Both hard sources and online sources should be cited in alphabetical order as a common list. (Refer Chapter 4 on Rules for Referencing).



On completion of the project the student is required to submit one hard copy of the report on the Management Field Research Project. In addition, a soft copy of the report in a CD (word format) should be submitted. There will be a viva-voce in case of the MFRP The submission of the report should follow the PIM guidelines as in all other course work submissions and should be submitted on or before the same deadlines set for Research/Case/Skill projects.

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Management Policy Research Project (MPRP) option will be available for selected study programmes. An MPRP addresses a significant shortcoming or weakness in the current policy of an organisation which prevents the organisation from achieving its mission and goals. This could be in areas such as recruitment and selection, training, performance management, promotion, rewards, procurement, or inventory management. The objective is to re-design the current policy to eliminate the weaknesses. It may even involve the formulation of a policy where none exists at present such as in the areas of knowledge management or occupational health and safety.

Students undertaking an MPRP option are required to submit a Management Policy Research Project proposal. This has to be approved by the PIM.

The proposal should be written under separate sections, and not as chapters.

Cover page (format given on Page 43)

1. Introduction

Background of the organisation; Vision, Mission, Goals, Objectives, Structure, Profile of Human resources, Organisational performance.

2. Statement of the Policy Problem/Issue

Description of the policy problem/issue and the negative consequences; Purpose of the study

3. Literature Review

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4. Policy Framework and Methodology

Method of Data Collection

Questionnaire (if the questionnaire is in Sinhala/Tamil, attach the English version)

List of References

Length of Proposal: 12-15 pages.

NB: The Management Policy Paper proposal has to be approved by the PIM.

Attach the Proposal approval page (format given on page 44).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables iii

List of Figures iv

List of Appendices v

List of Abbreviations vi

Acknowledgements vii

Executive Summary viii

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Organisation (insert the page no.) 1

1.2 Organisation’s Vision and Mission

1.3 Organisation’s Goals and Objectives

1.4 Organisation Structure

1.5 Profile of Human Resources

1.6 Organisational Performance


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Chapter 2

DESCRIPTION OF THE POLICY ISSUE

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Description of Current Policy (state policy stakeholders) Area Studied

2.3 Statement of the Problem and its Consequences


2.5 Objectives of the Study

2.6 Significance of the Study

2.7 Methodology (in brief)



2.10 Summary

Chapter 3

LITERATURE REVIEW

(At least 12 journal articles, including articles from ABDC ranked/SCOPUS Q1, Q2 ranked/Sri Lankan Journal of Management should be used)

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Review of Literature

3.3 Causes Underlying the Problem

3.4 Summary

Chapter 4

POLICY FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Policy Framework

4.3 Method of Data Collection

4.4 Summary

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Chapter 5

POLICY GUIDELINES/ FINDINGS, IMPLEMENTATION PLAN, AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Policy Guidelines and Implementation Plan

5.3 Discussion of Policy Guidelines/Findings (Link to literature thereby contributing to relevant research discipline)

5.4 Summary

Chapter 6

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Policy Recommendations

6.3 Conceptual, Interpersonal, Technical Skills Displayed/Developed (Skills displayed/ developed during the project to be described)

6.4 Conclusions

Discussion in Chapter 5 should link the proposed policy framework, guidelines and implementation with literature, thereby contributing to research in the relevant discipline.

Recommendations must address the problem. These should be practical and implementable. Recommendations should be arranged according to their priority order of importance and the temporal dimension (short-term, mid-term, long- term).

References



Appendices

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The EMBA students are required to undertake a Guided Independent Study Project (GISP) as the final project, which contains 05 credits, and it is the culmination of their study programme. This is, in addition to the core modules and the electives. This project will commence at the end of the third term, and move on parallelly to the final term electives.

The Guided Independent Study Project addresses either a significant performance issue in a company such as a decline in competitiveness or an attractive opportunity that would enhance current profitability. It offers an excellent opportunity for EMBA students to use the knowledge gained from their study programme to analyse an organisational issue and to develop recommendations for resolving the issue. The project will be linked to literature. The unit of analysis in the GIS project is the organisation, with minimum 25 employees.

In the Guided Independent Study Project, the student is required to describe the current situation related to the problem, through a survey based on the selected organisation’s performance records, previous reports, interviews and gather data based on the overall objective of the study. Identification of key issues and problem should be based on the survey.

Example: If high employee turnover is the performance gap being surveyed, key issues for this problem are identified through survey data and recommendations are developed. The recommendations should offer solutions which will lead to reduction of the identified performance gap.

The components for implementing the recommended solutions and the projected outputs and outcomes should be identified and described.

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Contents to be included in the Guided Independent Study Project proposal are outlined below.




1. Brief description of the organisation: Name of organisation, year established, products/market, revenue, profits/losses, value addition, etc.

2. Brief description of the current situation leading to problem or opportunity identification. The performance gap should be illustrated in any selected area-marketing, manufacturing, services, human resources, supply chain management etc. with description of how it affects organisation’s performance.


4. Identification and justification of the management methods / techniques which can be used to address the identified problem.

5. Brief description of the recommended project components. The recommended project may have a number of components but should be restricted to three to four components, linked to the main cause categories identified in 3 (preliminary problem analysis).

6. Time plan for the implementation of the proposed project.

7. Brief indication of resource allocation: resources required and how they may be allocated. This should address what is required to implement the different project components, leading to the budget and benefit – cost analysis.

8. The expected outputs (quantifiable) and the resulting outcomes of the project.

The project proposal should be approved by the PIM.

Proposal Approval page (page 44) should be attached to the proposal document.

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Guided Independent Study Project addresses either a significant performance issue in a company/industry such as a decline in competitiveness or an attractive opportunity that would enhance current profitability. It provides an opportunity to use the knowledge gained from the EMBA to analyse an organisational issue/opportunity and to develop solutions/plans to resolve/exploit it. The solutions will be supported with literature.

In the Guided Independent Study Project, the student is required to identify problem/opportunity from organisation’s performance records, previous reports, interviews and gather data based on the overall objective of the study.

In a Guided Independent Study Project, Chapter 1 will introduce the general nature of the project. The project is the mechanism to resolve the identified problem. This will include a brief background of the problem addressed in the project, the project, the significance of the project/benefits to organisation/industry through resolving the problem/issues, limitations of the project (scope of project, constraints anticipated). The chapter framework will indicate the outline of structure/contents of each of the chapters.

Chapter 2 will be devoted to description of the organisational/industry profile and an analysis of the organisation/industry in its wider environmental context using appropriate tools such as SWOT and PESTEEL. These analyses should help to identify broad problems or opportunities. An accurate identification of the industry/industry in which the firm operates is important, e.g., designer wear and not basic garments; gift tea and not bulk tea. Description of the key problem involves establishing performance gaps of problem with data evidence for the past several months/years, supported by interviews with relevant personnel. The key problem should be operational and not strategic in nature, and which can be solved in the short to mid term. The impact of the problem(s)

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to be highlighted with reference to organisation’s cost, profitability etc., and also qualitative measures. In addition to the key problem, other critical issues/ factors contributing to the key problem will also be identified as sub problems. These sub problems will also be described, establishing the performance gaps with data evidence for the past several months/years, supported by interviews with relevant personnel. It is re-iterated that sub problems are only those that lead to/contribute to the key problem, not separate, additional problem. Key problem to be analysed using Cause and Effect (Ishikawa) analysis. Identification of 3 to 4 cause categories are recommended, with root cause identification at the fourth level of analysis.

Chapter 3 will give an account of the literature review done to understand the concepts which would help to formulate a study framework which will lead to recommendations to resolve the problem identified. A minimum of 4 journal articles (ABDC ranked/ SCOPUS Q1, Q2 ranked/ Sri Lankan Journal of Management) should be referred to. The techniques used in the project should be described.

Chapter 4 consists of a main/overall objective and component specific sub objectives, all of which are SMART. Three to four components, linked to a study framework are identified in Chapter 4.

The components include activities which would address critical issues and would help to resolve the problem. Current situation analysis of each component is followed by solution(s) development. Detailed activities proposed under each specific solution should be given (solution appendices and relevant budget appendices).

All resources required and the allocation for different project components as well as project team structure/responsibilities should be identified. Projected outputs/outcomes should be identified for each project component/activity. Cost estimates/benefit – cost analysis should be included.

Chapter 5 will focus on discussion of findings and present the recommendations for resolving the identified problem/opportunity. As far as possible, discussion should link theoretical findings and practical findings of the project.

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Recommendations would indicate the critical solutions and expected time frame. Short term and mid-term recommendations would cover a time span of 6 months to 1 year. Recommendation of long-term solutions is optional.

The contents of each chapter are given in the under-mentioned format for the Guided Independent Study Project report.





TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables iii

List of Figures iv


Acknowledgements vi


Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background (Insert the page no.) 1

1.2 Project


1.4 Methodology

1.5 Limitations


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Chapter 2


2.1 Introduction

2.2 Organisational/Industry Profile

2.3 Organisational Analysis (using appropriate frameworks such as SWOT analysis/PESTEEL)

2.4 Key Problem/Opportunity Briefly describe Key problem/ opportunity. Also identify sub problems which contribute to the key problem.

2.5 Description of the Problem(s)/Opportunities Key Problem/Opportunity (and the sub problems contributing to the

key problem) are described with data evidence and interviews with relevant personnel.

Problem(s) to be linked to organisation’s profitability/cost/revenue or Industry outcomes

2.6 Analysis of Key Problem/Opportunity

2.7 Summary

Chapter 3

LITERATURE REVIEW

(At least 4 journal articles, ABDC/SCOPUS Q1, Q2 ranked journals/Sri Lankan Journal of Management)

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Theoretical Background to the Problem

3.3 Study Framework


3.5 Summary

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Chapter 4

THE STUDY

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Guided Independent Study Objectives

Main objective (overall objective)

Sub objectives related to each project component.

4.3 The Project: Project Components



4.3.1.2 Solution(s) Development. Each solution to be linked to appendices of implementation details and relevant budget


4.5 Benefit–Cost Analysis

4.5.1 Cost Estimates

4.5.2 Benefit-Cost Analysis

4.6 Projected Outputs and Outcomes

4.7 Summary

Chapter 5

DISCUSSION OF IDENTIFIED COMPONENTS

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Discussion of Identified Components

5.3 Recommendations

Short to mid- term recommendations

Long term recommendations (optional)

5.4 Summary

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References




On completion of the project the student is required to submit one hard copy of the report on the Guided Independent Study, limited to 7500 - 10000 words (30-40 pages). In addition, a soft copy of the report in a CD (word format) should be submitted. There will be a viva-voce in case of the GISP. The submission of the report should follow the PIM guidelines.

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Students are allowed 20 minutes to orally present their project work, followed by 10 minutes of Question and Answer session. A presentation (10-15 slides) must conform to the templates given for each project option. General guidelines for arrangement of slides is as follows:

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT

(Please follow the template in making the final presentation)

1. Title of Research Study with student’s name.

2. Outline of the Presentation.

3. Problem/issue studied with specific evidence. State the negative consequences; justify the study.

4. Objectives of the Study.

5. Significance of the Study (From a knowledge perspective and a practical perspective).

6. Hypotheses/Propositions supported by literature, Conceptual framework

7. Methodology: Instruments for data collection; sample size; scoring scheme (inductive/qualitative research - state aspects under which data were collected).

8. Survey Data - number responding to questionnaire/interviews and number of usable questionnaires/interviews.

9. Principal Findings (from quantitative and qualitative study) and discussion; statistical tables and figures.

10. Principal Conclusions and Recommendations.

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MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY RESEARCH PROJECTS

1. Title of Case Study and student’s name.

2. Outline of Presentation.

3. Company Information as a backdrop to the case.

4. Theme of Case Study.

5. Objectives of the Case Study.

6. Literature Review of the underpinning theme.

7. Case Framework linking drivers, environmental moderators and outcome.

8. Data Collection Methodology: instruments, sample.

9. Timeline of significant events, presented in a graphical format.

10. Narration: along a timeline, linked to elements of framework - performance drivers and outcomes; actions taken and results achieved, points of departure.

11. Case Study Questions.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS RESEARCH PROJECTS

1. Title of Project and student’s name.


3. Background of the Project.

4. Business Case; customer needs, customer requirements, target beneficiaries, the value proposition.

5. The Business Model and Business Plan, the promoter’s competencies, experience.

6. Feasibility of the study: technical and production feasibility; innovations, economic feasibility; projected benefit-cost analysis, financial feasibility; sources of funding; sales plan and revenue for next three years; cash flow and budget; projected operating cost for three years; time value of

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money (TVM); net present value (NPV); break even analysis; ecological/environmental feasibility; social/political/ethical/legal feasibility.

7. Marketing Strategies, wedges of entry.

8. The Project; Project objectives, Project controls; quality; cost delivery; earned value analysis allocation, progress reports.

9. Project Plan: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), list of work packages; resource allocation; procurement plan; raw material supply; and alignment of the sustainability concept.

10. Project implementation; implementation of each project component, variations from projected cost, delivery and time, issues in project implementation.

11. Project Outputs and Outcomes; Benefit-Cost Analysis.

12. Skills - conceptual, interpersonal and technical skills displayed.

MANAGEMENT SKILLS RESEARCH PROJECTS

1. Title of Project and student’s name.


3. Organisation (brief background, size, revenue, customers, product/ services, market share, performance)

4. Key Problem(s) and sub problems addressed: problem identification; performance/ opportunity gaps. (use data in describing problem/issue, gaps, significance)

5. Problem Analysis (Cause and Effect Analysis)

6. Literature Review Synopsis

7. Study Framework

8. Project Objectives, components and techniques

9. Project Implementation (more than one slide can be used to illustrate how the components were implemented)

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10. Resources and Budget

11. Outputs (projected vs actual and % achievement) in case of process improvements show before and after scenarios)

12. Outcomes

13. Management of the project (5W 1H)

14. Skills Gained/Displayed

15. Summary

MANAGEMENT FIELD RESEARCH PROJECTS

1. Title of Project and Student’s Name.


3. Organisation (brief background, size, revenue, customers, product/ services, market share, performance).

4. Key Problem addressed and the sub problems contributing to the key problem: problem identification; performance/opportunity gaps (use data in describing problem/issue, gaps, significance).

5. Problem Analysis (Cause and Effect analysis)

6. Theoretical Background

7. Study Framework

8. Project Objectives, Components and Techniques

9. Solutions Developed

10. Benefit – Cost Analysis

11. Project Outputs and Outcomes

12. Management of the Project

13. Skills Gained/Displayed

14. Summary

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MANAGEMENT POLICY RESEARCH PROJECTS

1. Title of the project and student’s name.

2. Outline of presentation.

3. Organisational information as a backdrop to the paper.

4. Objectives of the study.

5. Significance of study(in monetary terms, operational/managerial, the impact of the gap in policy formulation).

6. Literature review.

7. Study framework.

8. Data collection methodology; sample.

9. Findings and discussion.

10. Principal conclusions and Policy recommendations (short term, midterm and long term recommendations).

For All Oral Presentations:

1. Students are required to bring a hard copy of the report, a set of completed questionnaires, interview schedules, copies of transcripts and any other relevant documents.

2. In the case of online surveys, students are required to produce a document containing the website details and other relevant evidence.

3. Students’ dress code must reflect the importance of the event. Males should wear a tie.

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Writing a research proposal, particularly for a PhD is a challenging task. The task calls for a high level of commitment, diligence and hard work. However, a methodologically sound research proposal would serve as a useful blueprint for the empirical work to follow.

Research is an exercise in the creation of knowledge. When a PhD candidate produces knowledge through a research study, there is an expectation that this knowledge would enrich the current understanding of issues under study, and contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Research at doctoral level is an important intellectual exercise, and should address a significant theoretical or conceptual puzzle, which also has some implications for the practice of management. Hence, a doctoral thesis must display a high degree of originality and some relevance to the practice of management. This is the first requirement expected from a PhD candidate. A PhD thesis should address a theoretical or knowledge gap. Consequently, addressing of a theoretical gap which has a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge is a prime requirement.

In order to identify a knowledge gap, it is essential that the researcher undertakes a comprehensive and critical study of the existing literature on the research topic/theme selected. The literature review requires a careful scrutiny of articles published on the chosen topic/theme appearing in reputed journals, texts and classics. It requires substantial background knowledge of the area of study, and calls for considerable intellectual preparation before writing the research proposal. Hence, the second requirement expected from a PhD candidate is that he/she must display authoritative knowledge on the chosen topic. It is suggested that the literature review be organized and presented in a thematic rather than a chronological order.

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A third requirement is the adoption of a sound research methodology. The PhD candidate is expected to demonstrate mastery over the chosen methodology. Research is a systematic process of investigation and is guided by methodologies and techniques. The final research output must be acceptable to the scientific community and its acceptance highly depends on the mastery of methodology, which could also be outlined through the thesis.

Finally, a candidate must ensure that the University or Institute formally approves the proposal before he/she embarks on the empirical research.

The PhD research proposal format appears below.

Title/Topic

The topic and theme should be stated clearly so that they convey to the reader the subject matter of the proposed work. The title should be brief.


Introduction

A proposal starts with the introduction of the research problem or issue, some background information that supports or validates the existence of the stated problem/issue and the need for the proposed research. The research problem must be based on literature gaps or try to explain a phenomenon/issue from a different point of view which has not been previously addressed. Doctoral work is viewed as an addition to the existing knowledge, and hence, careful consideration should be given to identifying the gaps/issues. A proposal introduces the purpose of the study.

Research Questions and Objectives

This section indicates the research questions to be addressed followed by the purpose and objectives of the research.

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Justification and Scope for the Study

Brief explanation of why the research study is significant. It should address a few key points that will highlight the significance of the research. The scope of the study should be briefly indicated.

Literature Review

A literature review summarises the nature of studies which have already been done in the field of the proposed research. It will bring out the gaps and arguments in the existing research that support the need for the proposed research, and how the proposed research will fill those gaps. It is important that the study covers the previous studies done in the area selected, highlight literature gaps and support the framework to follow.

Theoretical Framework for the Study

Based on the literature review, the theoretical framework should be developed. This should be well supported by previous studies. The variables should be defined, and be supported by previous studies. Candidate’s own definition of variables should be avoided. Based on the type of methodology, hypotheses/propositions which will address the research questions should be proposed.

Methodology

The methodology section gives the details of how the proposed research will be conducted. Here, the candidate needs to provide information on the data required, process of data collection, various data sources, data analysis, methods and techniques to be applied and research presentation. The type of methodology used and quantitative; qualitative; mixed, etc., should be justified. Survey instruments should be indicated. It should also be noted that candidates, especially those who adopt a non- positivistic approach, should explain and justify their philosophical stance.

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Ethical Considerations

If the research involves questionnaires or interviews with individuals, an ethical approval is required prior to the beginning of the research. This is done to safeguard the personal freedom of the participants. In the research proposal, the candidate student needs to mention that ethical approval will be taken prior to the beginning of the field research involving people.

Results of the preliminary study should be given in the proposal.

Timeline and Outputs

Usually, most PhD students take three or more years to complete their doctoral programme. The detailed timeline for the project, such as the time spent on the literature review, primary and secondary data collection, data analysis, writing and presentation should be indicated. It should also spell out a submission of a journal article as the output or part of the work-in- progress.

References

A complete list of references should be provided, as per the PIM guidelines. (Refer Chapter 4 on Rules for Referencing)

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The Sri Lankan Journal of Management (SLJM) is a forum for management scholars and professionals worldwide. Concerned with the importance of management in a fast-changing global environment, the journal focuses on several areas such as human resource management, drawing on empirical research in the areas of strategic management, international business, organisational behaviour, operations management and industrial relations that arise from changing managerial environments.

This journal accepts research papers based on quantitative and qualitative methods, conceptual studies and international business studies for publication. Its main focus is on the contribution to research based on studies conducted in both qualitative and quantitative methods. Complete guidelines for preparing a manuscript to this journal are provided in the Sri Lankan Journal of Management link in the ‘Prajna’ learning portal.

Submissions should be in English, typed in double spacing with wide margins, preferably of A4 size. Articles should not exceed 8,000 words in length including tables and the abstract, but excluding references. Tables and figures should not be inserted in the pages of the manuscript but should be on separate sheets. They should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals with a descriptive caption. The desired position in the text for each table and figure should be indicated in the manuscript. Permission to reproduce copyright material must be obtained by authors before submission, and any acknowledgements should be included.

Footnotes should be used only where necessary to avoid interruptions to the continuity of the text. They should be numbered consecutively using superscript Arabic numerals. They should appear at the end of the main text,

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immediately before the list of references. The journal follows the APA guidelines for referencing.

Submission of a paper to the journal will be taken to imply that it presents original, unpublished work not under consideration for publication elsewhere. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article have been given to the Postgraduate Institute of Management.

All review papers in this journal have undergone editorial screening and peer review.

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Font: Times New Roman, 12 point, margins of at least 2.54 cm (1 inch).

Title: Boldface font to be used for the article title, with title case.

Authors’ names: Names of all contributing authors to be given on the title page exactly as they should appear in the published article.

Affiliations: The affiliation of each author (department, university, city, country to be listed.

Correspondence Details: An institutional email address for the corresponding author should be provided. Full postal details are also needed by the publisher, but may not necessarily be published.

Abstract: The abstract paragraph should be indicated with a heading or by reducing the font size.

Keywords: Five or six keywords should be provided to help readers find your article.

Headings: The level of the section headings in article:

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Level 1 headingshould be centered, Times New Roman 14, in boldface, upper case or title case.

Level 2 headings should be left aligned, Times New Roman 12, boldface, title case.

Level 3 headings should be Times New Roman 12, boldface, italics, title case.

Level 4 headings should be indented 0.5 inches, Times New Roman 12, boldface, title case, ending with a period.

Referencing: Referencing guidelines described in this document (based on the APA 7th edition) should be followed (Refer Chapter 4 on Rules for Referencing)

Tables and Figures: The intended positioning of tables and figures in the text should be indicated. For example, (insert Table 1 here]. The actual tables and figures should be supplied either at the end of the text or in a separate file as requested by the Editor. Ensure that permission to use any figures being reproduced from another source is available.

Running heads and received dates are not required when submitting a manuscript for review. If the article is accepted for publication, it will be copy-edited and typeset in the correct style for the journal.

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Font: Times New Roman, 12 point. Use margins of at least 2.54 cm (1 inch).

Title: Use bold type for your article title, with title case.

Authors’ names: Give the names of all contributing authors on the title page exactly as you wish them to appear in the published article.

Affiliations: List the affiliation of each author (Department, university, city, country).

Correspondence Details: Please provide an institutional e-mail address for the corresponding author. Full postal details are also needed by the publisher, but will not necessarily be published.

Abstract: Indicate the abstract paragraph with a heading or by reducing the font size. Advice on writing abstracts is available here.

Keywords: Please provide five or six keywords to help readers find your article.

Headings: Please indicate the level of the section headings in your article:

First-level headings (e.g. Introduction, Conclusion) should be centered, in bold, title case.

Second-level headings should be left aligned, in boldface, title case.

Third-level headings should be left aligned, in boldface, italics, title case.

Fourth-level headings should indented 0.5 inches, in boldface, title case.

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Referencing: Please follow guidelines described in this document (Refer Chapter 4 on Rules for Referencing).

Tables and Figures: Indicate in the text where the tables and figures should appear, (for example, by inserting Table 1 here). The actual tables and figures should be supplied either at the end of the text or in a separate file as requested by the Editor. Ensure that you have permission to use any figures you are reproducing from another source.

Running heads and received dates are not required when submitting a manuscript for review. If your article is accepted for publication, it will be copy edited and typeset in the correct style for the journal.

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The Professional Manager, is a biannual publication of the Postgraduate Institute of Management. The main intent of this magazine is to disseminate cutting-edge-know-what, and importantly do-how knowledge on best management-thinking and practices.

The Professional manager is different from the research-based SLJM as it attempts to provide useful knowledge that has immediate relevance to the way managers ought to see that which is around them, and in fact, within them.

The Professional Manager, provides much freedom both in the selection of subject matter and as well as the style of writing. Other than any issue aimed at a particular event or theme, the contributors of articles to this publication are free to select any subject, provided they carry substantial managerial inputs that will be of value to the readership. They should add value to the subjects the contributors select, and that they should be couched in grammatically and syntactically acceptable language.

A further feature found in the Professional Manager is the fine blend it attempts to maintain between writeups and visual explanations by way of diagrams, illustrations and pictures. This admixture has made the magazine a colourful publication. These features have, in fact, contributed to make a brand identity among publications of a similar genre.

The Professional Manager is published with the objective of providing the Sri Lankan managerial community with current knowledge of interest and value. Written in an easy to read style they should be able to read them amidst their busy work schedules. Findings of extensive research can also be presented in

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a simple style without bringing much jargon. Ideally, the word count would be between 1500 - 2500 words. There is no need to have a list of references.

Anyone wishing to contribute an article to the Professional Manager should accompany with the article a short resume of the writer and a high-resolution passport size photograph.

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The Institute’s continuous assessment of students’ learning via assignments helps students relate theory to practice and thereby understand theory better. In a sense, it Makes Business-learning Action-oriented (MBA). This, in fact, is the PIM’s credo.

The final project/research options will not only help the students integrate and reinforce their learning from the many courses followed during the Master’s programme, but also, importantly, help them markedly develop their analytical, conceptual, and presentation skills, in particular. This has been the Institute’s experience over the past three and half decades.

Whatever the kind of research project undertaken, it is necessary to communicate and present the approach and findings precisely and clearly. The importance of communicating research findings to readers is best summed up in the following quotation:

“Facts never speak for themselves. They must be selected, marshalled, linked together and given a voice. Obviously, research is not an end in itself. The day comes when the pleasures and the drudgery of the detective hunt are over and the report must be written. At that point, fit expression no longer appears as a mere frill added to one’s accumulation of knowledge. The expression is the knowledge. What is not properly presented is simply not present and its purely potential existence is useless” (Barzun & Graff, 1977).

ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association. (2019). The publication manual of the American Psychological

Association (7th ed.). http://www.apa.org

The University of Sheffield. (2020). APA referencing 7th edition. The University Library: Information and Digital Literacy. http://www.sheffield.ac.uk

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