• PIONEER FARMER OF KING'S POINT

• NEWFOUNDLAND'S BIGGEST SCHOOL

VOL. XI. NO.4 TWENTY CEXTS

how to reallyget a nest eggWhat's your Savings Account like? Do

you really save money in it, or are you

leaning a bit heavily on the old cheque­

book?

Why not open a real Savings Account

at The Bank of Nova Scotia. Tuck a

few dollars into it every payday and

leave it there. In a short time you'll

have a sizeable nest egg for the more

important things you wish to buy.

Vol. XI, No.4, June, 1954

5

32

3

28

31

25

15

23

12

18

..... .16-17

Home News [rom AbroadBy Ron Pumphrey

Baby or the Month (Lotraine Smallwood) ..

Picture Credits: Page :i-Don Ryan; Page 12-CourtesyE. G. House; Pages 16 and 17-Harold J. Taylor; Page 19-Neva B. Flight; Page 23-Marshall Studios; Page 25­Don R~an; Page 32-

Coyer Picture: "Let's go home to celebrate,part-that is what blonde Marianne Lind·holm is tclling her pal. "Conqueror," 118pounds of prize Newfoundland dog as lhe)planned their trip "home" to celebrate two.big occasions; Newfoundland's fiflh birthda~as a Canadian Province (March 31) and"Conqueror's" first binhday. Marianne hailsfrom SL. John's. i fld., while "Conqueror;"owned by Mrs. Virginia Purdon of 313 'Vest78th St., New York, left his home town o[Heart's Content, Nfld., eight months agoand mel Marianne in New York.-CanadianNational Railways photo.

• GENERAL ARTICLESPioneer Fanner of King's Point

By Don Ryan

Newfoundland's Biggest SchoolBy Iris Power

Bishop Feild, 1801-1876A Tribute

Alas for Three Arms 1By Neva B. Flight

Horse IslandsBy Don Ryan

• PICTORIALSt. John's

By Harold Taylor

• POETRYHere's to the Ships

By 'Villiam E. Pilcher

• PERSONALITYJoey's "Girl Friday"

By Iris Power

• DEPARTMENTSGuest Editorial (Ann Neaves)

A. G. Flashback (Michael F. Murphy)

Atlantic Guardian's PlatlormTo make Newfoundland better

known at home and abroad;To promote trade and travel in

the Island;To encourage development of the

Island's natural resources;To !oster qood relations between

Npv;!o:.:ndland and her nelghbors.

Atlantic Guardian bprinted and publishedby Guardian Limited, "Water Street, St. John'••Nfld.. Canada. Author·bed as Second Clu.Mail, Post Office De·partment, Ottawa. Sub·scription rates, Sl.O' •year anywhere in tbew 0 rid. (Newfoundlandsubscribers add 3% 5.S.A.tax). Smele copies ZOe.

JOHN MAUNDER.A.O.C.A

Art Director

ART SCAMMELLR.ON POLLETTContributin&' Editors

BRIAN CAHILLAs~.te Editor

EWART YOUNGEditor & Publisher

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HONOURS COURSES IN MANYFIELDS: The Faculty of GraduateStudies offers courses leading to Mas­ter's Del'Yees.

COURSES LEADING TO DIPLOMASIN: Enl"ineennl'. Food Tec.bnolo&,y.Education, Music, Public Health Nura­in.. T eachinl' and Administration.

TEACHING FELLOWSHIPS: A num­ber of teaching Fellowships of valueS4S0 and $750 per annum are availabJein the Faculty of Graduate Studies.

Excellent residence accommodation for women students

For full particulars write to the Registrar.

Produced by Job Bros. and Co.)Ltd., one of the oldest {inns in

ewfoundland. Hubay quick(rolen fillcts arc becoming mon'and more well·known in NorthAmerica. Newfoundland fishcaught in the cry~tal·clearwaterso{ the North Atlantic, packedand froun by Ihe quick·free7('method is indeed Seafood parc<o<cellencc.

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ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

GUEST EDITORIAL

Convocation at Mentoria'(The 1954 Convocation of "Memorial University students look place on

~Iay 19th. Commentary is by Ann Neaves. one of the first year ~tudents).

T HE ceremony was quire impressive. especially the procession as itmarched slowly down the middle aisle of the hall. First came the

graduares, with rheir black gowns. hoods carried over their arms. thenthe Faculty of Memorial. each resplendant in the robes signifying theirvarying degrees. Finally came the dignitaries who were to have a placeof honor on the platform - Viscount Rothemere. the Lieutenant­Governor. Dr. !for Evans (this was his first visit to Newfoundland).Dr. Raymond Gushue. the Vice-Chancellor and President of the Univer­sity. the Honorable J. R. Chalker. Minister of Education. and represent­atives of every faith. The Chancellor. Viscount Rothermere. wasparticularly impressive. His height made him stand out above the others.and his gown. richly decorated with gold. was outstanding. It is fittingthat Newfoundland. which has so many connections with Great Britain.should have such an outstanding Britisher, and a Britisher who takessuch an interest in Newfoundland, as Chancellor of its University.

Memorial University is still young. in fact the youngest universityin Canada, yet it is moving forward with tremendous strides. This wasthe keynote of the repott of Dr. Gushue. who spoke on the many im­provements effected during the last four years. Even greater advancesare planned for next year. including furrher additions to the Faculty anda wider range of courses. Next year Memorial will be able to conferMaster's degrees. Dr. Gushue also referred with pride to the newUniversity buildings. the plans of which are now well under way.

Dr. B. F. !for Evans. Provost of Universiry College. London, ad­dressed the Convocation. He stressed the humanities in a Universityeducation, and pleaded that the University should be a place of freeinvestigation.

Viscount Rothermere. said that the University shows great spirit ofvitality. and that it should be a great source of pride to Newfoundland.

The graduates this year numbered 40, including a Bachelor ofScience graduate. Ralph L. Neil. who was also awarded an Engineeringdiploma, The most outstanding graduate was David Lloyd Elliott.better known to his University friends as "Smoky." who distinguished

JUNE, 1954 3

himself by graduating with honors in the Arts Course and winning theGovernor-Genera!'s Medal and the French Government Silver Medal.Another graduating student of whom Newfoundland may well be proudis John Lewis, who next year goes to Oxford as Newfoundland's Rhodessch~lar. It i~ on y"ung men like thi~ that the future of our island depends.

But by far the majority the 1954 graduating class were Educationstudents, and these especially deserve a hearty round of applause. Thesemen and women, almost without exception, gained their Universityeducation the hard way. Some of them are no longer young. Most ofthem alternated several years of teaching with one year of University.Many have families to support. Yet in spite of the privations they haveundergone a'nd the meagerness of their income, the majority find timefor a host of extra-curricular activities. Education students are foundin practically all the organizations at Memorial. An Education student,Art Sullivan, was President of the Student's Representative Council thisyear. The Dramatic Society, the International Relations Club, the New­man Club, the Debating Society, the Student Christian Movement, theMuse (Universtiy student publication), the Radio Society, the UniversityYear Book, "The Cap and Gown" - in all of these the Educationstudent is well represented.

Besides this, we should remember that without the Faculty ofEducation our University would lose over half its enrollment. Of theforty who received degrees and awards this year, twenty-six graduatedwith a teacher's degree. These twenty-six came to Memorial from allover Newfoundland - from Corner Brook, Trinity, Fogo, Elliston,Green Bay, Codroy, Ramea, Fortune, Joe Batt's Arm, Bonavista, St.Anthony, Winterton, and St. John's. No other faculty at Memorial canlay claim to having such a cross-section of Newfoundlanders on its roster.

But let us not praise the Education Society at the expense of theother graduates. Everyone has shown that he merits the distinction ofhaving letters after his name, and Newfoundland may be proud to callthem her sons and daughters_ May they go on to greater glory, and maymany more of the rising generations of Newfoundlanders follow in theirfootsteps.

-ANN NEAVES

FOR THE BEST IN NEWFOUNDLAND

Features and PicturesRead

Atlantic GuardianEfJery Issue

ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

'V. E. Yates has quite afarm down in Green Ba)

Pioneer

Far ...er

01 King~s PointBy DON RYAN

A S the coastal boat nears the due to hard work, grit, and initia-wharf at King's Point, Green tive, When he started he had no

Bay. you see in the near distance a heavy machinery to clear the soil.beautiful stretch of cultivated land. Every stump which covered the tenThis is Yate's farm. to twelve acres which he now

Its owner and cultivator, W. E. works was dragged out by himselfYates has been turning the soil for and his horses.nearly a quarter of a century and One big factor in his favor. how­today is a full-time commercial ever, was the scarcity of bouldersfarmer. in the soil.

When be started. back in 193 I, The land which he now owns isMr. Yates had only a small fraction free of boulder rock. After theof the extensive holding he is now stumps were cleared. ploughingcultivating. Today he has a forty- was not difficult.acre farmstead with a little mare The soil is also top quality.than one-third of it under culti- According to expert opinion, it isvarion. comparable to or even better than

Mr. Yates' success as a farmer is soil found elsewhere on the main-

JUNE, 19S-4

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land of Canada. It has a reddishtint closely resembling that of P.E.I.

I t is exrellent for growing rootcrops. Potatoes, beets, carrots,cabbage, and parsnips are the cropswhich Mr. Yates raises. Potatoesare the biggest crop. For the pastthree years he has raised betweenseven and eight hundred barrels ofpotatoes annually.

In partnership with him is hisson, Calvin, who has taken overthe operation of the machinery.Having learned practical farmingfrom his father, he also attendedthe Experimental Farm at St.John's for agricultural training.

Mr. Yates raises excellent cropsof vegetables every year. He isronstantly on the job and gives theweeds no chance to take root.

. Nearby Baie Verte and othercoastal settlements in Notre DameBay are the market outlets for hisvegetables. The demand is alwaysgreater than the supply and hecould market three times as muchproduce as he now grows.

A pioneer farmer, Mr. Yates,came to King's Point about 47years ago as a boy. He came infrom Wild Bight with his fatherwho chose this calm forested regionas his home.

For some years he fished andworked in the forest until he de­cided to take up farming as a part­time occupation. Eventually, asmore and more land was cleared, hefound himself a full-time farmer.

Today he has farmland that is acredit to him and is outstandingevidence of the hard work and en­terprise of the man who has pion­eered farming in Green Bay's King'sPoint.

ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

McGi', UniversityMONTREAL, 2, QIIEBEC

McGill offers courses leading to degrees and diplomas

in every branch of University work, while Macdonald

College, with its campus in rural Ste. Anne de Bellevue

nearby, offers courses in Agriculture, Household

Science and Teaching.

This summer six McConnell and Wilson Memorial En­

trance Scholarships will be offered, covering tuition

fees and board and residence (approximate value

$1,000).

These scholarships are open on equal terms to boys and

girls of all schools in Canada. They are renewable

annually until the holders graduate.

Particulars of courses and entrance scholarships may be

obtained from the Registrar.

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Newfoundland'sBy IRIS POWER

T HERE'S a vast Schoolroom inNewfoundland whose pupils

have never seen their uheaclmaster."The classroom is so big thar apupil in Labrador may have as hisnearest classmate a student hundredsof miles away, in Notre Dame Bay.There's no possibility of a boypulling the pigtails of a girl in thenext desk-for the ocean itself isthe dividing line between studentsscattered along isolated section ofNewfoundland's straggling coast­line. The "classroom" encompassesthe 6,000 miles of Newfoundland'scoast, with a long reach up to theLabrador and back. The "princi­pal'" office is in St. John's. Theonly way a student can "report" tothe "headmaster" is by correspond­ence.

Can you imagine not having toput a foot outside your door to goto school? Just think of thosecold, wintry days when all youhave to do after breakfast is getyour books and settle down in yourwarm kitchen. In many cases,your own mother is your super­visor. as you pore over the latestset of lessons received in the mailfrom your 'headmaster" in St.John's. If you get stuck on a pro­blem you ask your mother, or ifshe is not the official supervisor,you just wait and ask the official

one when she comes to see how youare getting along.

This is fun, you might think­but lots of times it's rather lonelyfor a chap when he is the onlystudent "at school"-and there areno classmates to play with and no­body with whom to compare one'sprogress. Then there's a long waitfor the mails to bring back yourcorrected homework-and an eagerrush to see what the "headmaster"has written about your work.Perhaps you'll be promoted thisyear! Yes-see what he says...."Johnny, your work has improvedso much since last term, when wehad that little talk by letter, thatI feel sure you'll do well in yourexams.

This unusual school, where theonly means of communication be·tween student and "headmaster" isby correspondence, is called, prosa­ically enough, the CorrespondenceDivision of the Department of Ed­ucation. The department was setup in 1938 to combat the problemof giving children in isolated settle­ments, where it was not possible tohave a day school, an education bycorrespondence tuition.

The first classroom was a "Schoolon Wheels," a railway car whichtravelled along the railway line,

ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

Biggest SchoolOfficially it's called the Correspondence Division of the Department

of Education, and the pupils are spread over thousands of miles in remoteplaces by the 'sea and in the interior.

with a teacher who remained in asettlement for a week or so. givingnecessary instruction to pupils andto parents too, for the continuanceof the pupil's tuition while therailway car had gone to otherpoints. On the return trip of thecar, work would be corrected andnew lessons set. The enrollmentpeak at rhis time reached 149. After1940 the number of students start­ed to decline, due to the establish­ment of more day schools and tothe fact that families moved tolarger centres where building boomsprovided employment and wherethere was adequate school space.By 1943 the "School on Wheels"had fulfilled the purpose for whichit was set up-and went into hon­orable retirement.

The Department of Educarionhowever, whose chief concern ha~always been that every child inNewfoundland receive an education,still continued to ensure that everychild, and adult too. who wishedto avail of the opportunity, shouldreceive it. To reach students inisolated places along the coast, tooremote for the "School on Wheels"to reach, the Department operatedthe correspondence COllrses. Some

of those students in lighthouses;

sOllJe are handicapped and some areadults. There are some 25 patients

JUNE, 1154

at the Sanitorium in Corner Brookavailing of the courses.

The secretary in charge of theDivision is H. J. Murray, an officerin the Royal Newfoundland Regi­ment who was attach'd to Civil Re­Establishment following the lastwar, before joining the Departmentof Education. Mr. Murray takesa keen interest in his students andknows each one as an individual.Feeling that each student has atough hurdle in learning by "remotecontrol" instead of in the companyof classmates and in a regularschool, Mr. Murray usually man­ages to write a personal note ofencouragement on each homeworkbook before mailing it back to thepupil.

Sometimes his students get dis­couraged and then it takes a lot ofcorrespondence between Mr. Mur­ray and his students to encouragethem to keep on trying. In onecase, that of a handicapped boyliving in a lonely settlement in rheNorth, the letters from Mr. Murraywere more frequent than those fromthe boy. Poinring out that he un­derstood just how difficult it wasto keep on trying to get an edu­cation when all the student had tolook forward to was a lifetime onhis back with his handicap,· Mr.Murray wrote him long letters of

encouragement and told of tbe manybandicapped people in tbe worldwbo by pluck and sbeer endeavorbad made a good life for tbemselves.Tbe boy finally resumed bis studies,but as Mr. Murray says, "It wasa close sbave!"

"It is understanding and encour­agement tbose cbildren need mostof all," Mr. Murray says. "Tbingsare difficult for them. Sometimestbey wait on mails. Sometimesthere is no capable supervisor nearenougb to belp tbem. Tbey struggletbrougb alone and bave to dependon the personal contact tbey receive

tbrougb the Division's letters. "Ifind," continues Mr. Murray, "tbata word of praise even in cases wheretbe work is not satisfactory, worksmiracles. Tbe cbildren really try-and almost always tbere is animprovement, even if it is onlysligbt."

Tbe reacber in tbis far-flungclassroom is Miriam Blackmore.Homework is corrected by ber, less­ons are set, and like Ricbard Mur­ray, sbe is interested in ber pupilsindividually. Sbe knows tbem allby name and from letters sbe basgained a pretty good idea of tbeircbaracter and tbeir capabilities.Miss Blackmore is a long-timescbool teacber, being for some yearsprincipal of St. Tbomas' Scbool inSt. Jobn's.

Sometimes a little competition is

put on by tbe Division. For in­stance, a boy in Notre Dame Bay

is kept informed about tbe progressbeing made by a girl down in

11

Trinity Bay. If he finds tbat tbegirl is getting abead of bim in biswork, be promptly purs a stop totbat-by doing better. 0 meregirl is going to get abead of bim!

Tbe Cantwell family, ligbtbousekeepers at Cape Spear for genera­tions, bave four cbildren wbo baveavailed of tbe correspondencecourses since tbey became of scboolage. Tbeir motber, an educatedand cultured woman, is tbeir super­visor and tbe cbildren bave doneremarkably well under ber tuition.

Dolores, tbe eldest, is doing GradeVll, tben tbere's Agnes and Helenaand Jerry, the boy. wbo's in Grade

I.

Lonely as life in a ligbthouse.for instance, migbt be, tbe childtbere bas bis link witb tbe Corres­

pondence Division in St. Jobn'sand knows that be is "going toscbool" like all tbe otber cbildren

in tbe island. As for tbe Division,tbrougb study of tbeir bomework

and tbeir letters, tbose cbildren arealmost as well-known as if tbey

were coming to class every day.

However, witb some children

being at least 1,000 miles away, itwould be some trek ro go to scbool

every day like ordinary scboolyoungsters! For tbem tbe Corres­

pondence Division, girdling thous­ands of miles, sets up scbool rigbtin tbeir own bomes-and tbey

bave to get tbeir bomework done

too!

ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

IN

SEBVICEGBAMS(Official publication of the Newfoundland Gouernment

Employees' Association)

Publi~hed euery second month

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Because the N.G.E.A. members take their Association and

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THE

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GOWN1 954

MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY ANNUAL

Obtainable at newsstands or by mail from the

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P RIC E-$ 1 .00 PER COP Y (plus S.SA Tax)

JUNE, 1954 11

HE must have sttength ofconstitution to support him

under a climate as rigorous as thatof Iceland, a stomach insensible tothe attacks of sea sickness, pedest­rian powers beyond those of anIrish gossoon, and an ability to restoccasionally on the bed of a fisher­man or the hard boards in a wood­man's tilt." So wrote BishopAubrey Spencer when, in 1843,after fout years in Newfoundland,he was forced to move to the lessrigorous climate of Jamacia andnamed the qualities necesary for hissuccessor in Newfoundland. Itseemed impossible that all these at­tributes could be centred in oneperson but, nevertheless, these and

1Z

Bi~hop

Feild1801-1876

A Tribute

many more were possesed by thegteat man who was. consecrated atLambeth as Bishop of ewfound­land on April 18th, 1844.

Born at Worcester on July 7th,1801. Edward Feild was educatedat Bewdley, Rugby and Queen'sCollege, Oxford. Entering thepriesthood, he became Curate ofKidlington and lectured at Oxford,covering five miles on horseback.During his brilliant Oxford career,he had such contemporaries as Wil­berforce, Stanley, ewman andGladstone. \Va terloo had beenwon, when he was fourteen yearsof age, and now England was inthe midst of the great IndustrialRevolution, Though he sympa­thized with the poor, Edward Feilddid not hesitate to show them theirerrors. The few schools in hisparish were of a low standard so heset about increasing their numbersand efficiency.

ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

Aftet eight years, Edward Feildwas appointed as Rector of Beek­now in Gloucestershire. Here hisfame as an educationalist spread andin 1840 he became ,n Inspector ofChurch Schools, one of the first tobe appointed in England.

Four years later, this dynamicman arrived in St. John's Nfld., tobe met by the Governor's carriageand a Guard of Honor from theRoyal Newfoundland companies ofthe day. In the thirty two yearsthat followed, he made a namewhich will last as long as New­foundland itself. Here one canmerely summarize the long list ofaccomplishments, anyone of whichwould suffice to serve as a monu­ment to his memory.

College and Street NamedFor Him

During his episcopate, the num­ber of clergy was doubled-fromtwenty five to fifty: the number ofchurches and parsonages was alsodoubled: he raised £7500 locallyand in England to enlarge and en­dow Queen's College whose grad­uates today are filling more thansixty positions in the Diocese; hefounded separate schools for boysand girls" the beginnings of whatare now Bishop Field and BishopSpencer Colleges; he founded orph­anages for children of both sexes;he had designed, and partially built,the Cathedral of St. John the Bap­tist; he established the Synod andpresided over the first meeting heldin 1873: he founded a pension fundfor widows and orphans of de­ceased clergymen. Such an impres­sive list of accomplishments by oneman deserves more tangible monu-

JUNE, "54

ments to keep his name fresh thana high school for boys and a smallstreet in the centre of St. John's.(Bishop Feild College and FeildStreet) .

One of the men who came toknow the Bishop fairly intimatelywas the Hon. Justice Johnson, apupil at rhe Church of EnglandAcademy from 1860 to 1867. Asa boy, he often sailed with hisfather who acted as chaplain to theBishop in many of his voyages onthe 50 ton church ship, the Hawk(referred to by the Bishop as his"God-guided auspicious bird") .

\Vriting his impressions of the Bis­hop in later years the Judge says,"Could I but limn an adequateword portrait of Bishop Feild; itwould hold up an exemplar of thevirtues that go to make the perfectman. His well-knit figure, firmvoice, steadfast gray eyes, Spartanface graven as in Parian marble,his every attitude proclaimed theman undauntable who might becounted on to win against greatodds." Some of these "odds" musthave been encountered for about 25years on the Hawk. the gift of hisfriend, Rev, R. Eden, afterwardsPrimus of Scotland; rhen on theill-fated Star which was wrecked onthe South Coast in 1871, whenthe Bishop and crew barely escapedwith their lives; finally, in theLauerock, an English yawl present­ed to the Bishop by a wealthyyoung naval officer named Curling(later the Reverend Joseph J, Cur­ling, after whom the West CoastTown is named). When we re­member that, in those days, therewere few roads. no railway, no

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radio or telegraph, we realize thegreat difficulty and danger underwhich the Bishop labored. In 1848he sailed to Labrador, the first Bis­hop ever to travel that coast. Heeven went to Bermuda which wasthen part of the Diocese, and onone occasion sailed to England inthe Hawk. arriving there partlydismasted.

The last days of this great manwere typical. In 1875, the clergy­man at Port de Grave was takenseriously ill and Bishop Feild, thenseventy four, set forth to go "roundthe Bay" in horse and sleigh. Anortherly gale was blowing and, ina bitter snow storm, the Bishoparrived at Brigus, where he con­ducted service without even takingtime to thaw out.

That winter, spent at Port deGrave, was one of the coldest onrecord and in one of the blizzardsthe schoolmaster there lost his lifeon the barrens. Few churches hadany source of heat and the longwinter's work proved too much fora man who had passed the "threescore and ten." On his return to St.John's, he became ill and in theFall left for Bermuda where, it washoped, the kindly climate wouldpermit a return of his normal, ro­bust health. This was not to be,however, and the gre3t Bishop diedshortly after, on June 8th, 1876.His remains rest in Pembrokechurchyard but his real monumentis his life's work in Newfoundlandwhere in the words of the BishopFeild College motto, it can be trulysaid "Non moritur cuius famavivit"-"He is not dead whosefame lives."

ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

to theHere':!I to the ships which leave our

shore,Bless'd bl' the Land lhe} feed;To the ships wherein whose holds we

storeThe bulk of our Island need.To the offshore punts-to the minia-

lUre brood,To the dories intrepidly manned,Here's to all craft whose timbers arehewedFrom the foreSlS of ~ewfoundland.

Here's to the finest fishing groundTha t ever a seaport knew,To the shallows whcre shimmering cod

are foundHere's to Fogo-to Bacalieu.To thc source of the haul in am hold~

let's sing,A prm'ision b) Providence planned,And loudly wc'lI laud the harvest we

bringFrom the Grand Banks of Newfound­

land.

Here's to the men who choose to shareThe labors of peril with me,\\'hose proud profession and bill of

fareIs one with the fruitful sea.Here's to the new with whom I sail,Lei'S give them their credit-andLet's doff our sou'wesiers and echo a

Hail!To all fishers of Newfoundland.

Here's to the women, home safe andsecure

Though ever their spirits are near,'Tis they who the tedious waiting en­

dure,

'Tis they who l..now most of the fear,'Tis they, who as prophets of weather

can learnIn a manner we don't understand,'Tis they who will welcome with

warmth our relUrn-Bless the women of Newfoundland.

-WILLlA~[ E. PITCHER.

FISHERMEN'S UNION TRADING COMPANY, LIMITEDHead Office and Distributing Depot at Port Union, Newfoundland

Incorporated in 1911. - Branches along theXorth·East coast from Port Rexton to LaScie

• Importers of DryCoo d s • HardwareProvisions. FisherySalt, Coal. etc.

JUNE, 195-4

• Exporters of SaltedHard Dried and LabradorCure Codfish, Pickled Sal­mon and Herrin., Berries•.l

tS

Portuguese Fishing Vessels in 1

the Historic Port of St. John's

AlasForThreeArms!

By NEVA B. FLIGHT

T HREE ARMS is situated onthe north side of Notre Dame

Bay, on the north east coast ofNewfoundland and can indeedbe termed Newfoundland's "LostHamlet." From a thriving, busyand widely known fishing centreit has fallen to a practically desertedbut still charming beauty spot,teeming with stories and memoriesof lhe past. Still intensely belovedby all who once called it home, ithas a charm for them which time.distance and change can neverefface. It is not unlikely that longafter the remaining inhabitants havegone. the summer time will seemany of those who now live faraway, return to tread again thesoil of their youth and to revel inthe memories of bygone days.

The community of Three Armswas built chiefly on an island.

II

separated from the mainland by avery narrow channel. It is situatedat the mouths of three arms, in eachof which fish was very plentiful inearly times. This is probably whythe fishing centre was given thename "Three Arms." Its uniqueforma tion made a perfect harborfor shipping and in bygone daysmany were the vessels that harboredthere on the way to and from Lab­rador. The coastal steamers alsooften found shelter there, passingin through Back Tickle and outthrough Main Tickle or vice versa.It is said that there were times inthose busy and eventful days whenresidents could walk across theharbor from the island to the main­land on the decks of vessels anchor­ed closely together. At such timesthe telegraph office would be keptbusy, for the men were all anxiousto send messages home. all wordedpractically the same "Harbored atThree Arms. All well."

The first settlers at Three Armswere John B. Wells. SolomonStrong and James Norris. Previousto this, people came only in thesummer time to fish. The Wellsand Strongs originally came fromRingwood, England, and settled inBack Harbor, Twillingate. John\Vells married Solomon Strong'ssister and Solomon married John'ssister. They eventually moved toThree Arms for the fishing. as atthat time fish was extremely plent­iful in Green Bay and Three Armswas a perfect harbor from whichto operate lhe industry. JamesNorris was an Irishman and camethere from St. John's, also to takepart in the fishing industry and ona large scale. Those first settlers

ATLANTIC GUARDtAN

were followed by the Shearings.also from Ringwood England. andlater by the Bartletts. Budgells.Coopers, Rowsells, Batstones, Ride­outs, Moores and others, untilThree Arms became the best knownfishing centre and harbor on thecoast.

John B. Wells started the firstbusiness in the Bay at Three Arms.For many years men came all theway from Leading Tickles to thesouth around to Round Harbor tothe north for suppl,es. Some ofMr. Wells' old account books stillexist and were in the possession ofhis grandson also named John B.Wells up to the time of his deathseveral years ago. They are nowpresumably in the possession of hisgreat, great grand children. Whenthis business died out, James Norris.son of the original James Norris,the Irishman, started another whichhad far reaching results. Withheadquarters at Three Arms, he setup other branch businesses allaround White Bay, and operated afleet of vessels fishing and trading

back and forth the coast. Some ofthe businesses in White Bay werecarried on by his descendants andstill flourish today.

A Boat for Each Year

Eight of Mr. orris' vessels werebuilt at Three Arms and had suchpicturesque names as lri~h Lass,Alright and Ready and Go. Sevenvessels had been built at ThreeArms previous to this chiefly bymembers of the Wells' family, andsome of the names given those con­tained stories in themselves, such asSweet Home and Surprise. Mr.j orris also had three motor boatsbuilt of sixteen tons each, two ofwhich were built in the year ofHalley's Comet and were appro­priately named The Comet and ThePlanet.

The story of boat building atThree Arms still goes on, in spiteof its decline as a fishing centre.Some thirty odd years ago whenthe place was still flourishing a boatbuilder by the name of John Ride­out came there to live. Since then

JUNE, I,S4 II

he has built over sixty boats rang­ing from small rodneys to largemodern passenger boats of fromfifteen to twenty tons. The remark­able thing about this man is that hedoes all the work himself. and untilquite recently cut all his boat tim­bers and sawed all his plank witha pit saw, single handed! He hasbeen known to build a twentythree foot boat in less than a month.Mr. Rideout is now over sixty yearsold and is said to have built a boatfor each year of his life.

In any other part of Canada.Three Arms would undoubtedly bean artist's paradise. Few places inNewfoundland and possibly few onthe mainland possess more beautifulbreath-taking scenery than does thisnorthern outport. To row aroundthe island in a small boat on amoonlight night or on a calmsummer's day is an experience thatfew who have had the pleasure willever forget. There is at one pointon the outside of the island thesteps called Jacob's Ladder, now inruins but still fascinating. Theladder was built up the face of asteep cliff and was used by sealersyears ago as a means of returninghome when ice blocked the entranceto both Tickles at each end of theharbor. The men would land theirboats in the Cove at the foot of theladder, climb up and walk to theirhomes across the island.

There are other points of interesttoo, Blackberry Head and Black­berry Rock, very innocent lookingon a calm summer's day, but viciousand threatening in stormy weather.Then the sea breaks over the rockright across Main Tickle sendingclouds of spray into the air and

20

blocking the entrance to that endof the harbor. Inside the harborwhere all is ever calm and quiet wecome upon the Sunken Rock, andfarther on in Back Tickle is therock with the rather odd name ofOld Billy, innocent looking too,but as treacherous as BlackberryRock in stormy weather.

Crossing to the mainland side wecome within the shadow of Coop­er's Hill, from the top of which onecan look out over the Bay for manymiles and watch the vessels as theycome and go. As we row alongnear the shore we come upon theruins of a flight of steps leadingfrom the water's edge up the side ofa hill. At the foot of the stepsand under the water we notice rustylengths of cable. etc. For a strangerall this would have no significance,but for those who remember, itmarks the spot where the busytelegraph office once stood over­looking the water. The telegraphoperator of those days lived on theisland and crossed back and forthto the office every day in a rowboat. Here was established thefirst telegraph office in the Bayand a busy one it was for manyyears.

A Story Teller's Paradise

Three Arms is a story teller'sparadise too. if ever there was one.The place teems with stories thatwou ld be on the best seller lists forall time. Stories of tragedy andstories of happiness, stories of greatstrength and prowess, stories hum­orous beyond belief yet true, ghoststories that would make the bloodof the bravest run cold, they areall there and to make them more

ATLANTtC GUARDIAN

interesting they are nearly allfounded on fact.

For instance, there is the storyof the man who was Strong byname and strong by nature. UncleSolomon, as he was known, was ofimmense stature and was known atthe age of eighty to cut and haul aschooner's spar out of the woodsfrom Saunder's Pond-an incredibledistance, singlehanded. This andmany other great feats of strengthhe was known to have performed,and incredible as they may seem, itis known that they are true.

There is also the unique. storyof the old gentleman who had hisown tombstone erected and hisgrave dug about twenty-five yearsbefore his death. On the tomb­stone he had inscribed that he diedat the age of 73,-actually he diedat eighty-five,-also that for thirtyyears he had been a planter. twentyyears a sailor, and had for fiftyyears entertained strangers and ship­wrecked mariners at his home inThree Arms. Altogether it addedup to about a century, and to verifythis the stone still stands in theRoman Catholic cemetery ar ThreeArms.

Natives of Three Arms havescattered through the years to allparts of the world. To New Zea­land, to Wales, to all parts of theUnited States and the mainlandthey have gone, some never to re­turn. Yet they do not forget theplace of their birth, and no matterwhere they are it can be certain thatno other spot is so dear to them asthe Lost Hamlet of their youth.

In a very few years now ThreeArms will be deserted, and unlesssomething new starts up in this

JUNE, 1954

area only the Protestant and RomanCatholic cemeteries will remain toprove to future generations that theplace was once inhabited. Fewsuch beauty spots still exist how­ever. and for those who knew itbest in happier and busier days, itscharms are aptly described in thefollowing few lines of poetry:There is romance in the moonlight,

There is magic on the sea,There is beauty in the starlight,

Three Arms is the place to be.Glorious sunsets. dreamy twilights,

All in perfert harmony,Seem to blend the earth with

heaven,And fill one with great ecstasy.

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Mrs. Muriel Templeman, secretary (0

Premier Smallwood, has to ha,'e allthe answers

By IRIS POWER

I F A VETERAN feels he is notgetting a fair deal. he writes to

Premier Joseph R. Smallwood,popularly known " "Joey" toNewfoundlanders; if a widowdoesn't get her allowance quicklyenough, she writes "Joey" Small­wood; if Joe Doakes is dissatisfiedwith working conditions in hislumber camp, he writes "Joey"about them; in short, nearly every­one in Newfoundland w r i t e s"Joey" on just about everythingunder the sun. But, with PremierSmallwood rapidly acquiring thetitle of "the most-widely-travelledpremier of all time," and beingaway from his office almost as oftenas he is in it. who deals with thevoluminous mail that arrives by thesackful every day? Who is the re­sourceful person who routes theendless complaints and requests totheir proper channels; answers the

JUNE, ItS4

Joey~s

--Girl

pressing correspondence and keepstabs on the continuous appoint­ments and conferences for the busyPremier?

She is Mrs. Muriel Templeman,wife of Alfred M. Templeman ofthe Federal Department of Fisheriesin Sr. John's.

Instead of the harassed appear­ance one might expect of the privatesecretary of such an energetic Pre­mier who often works long houtsinto the night, Muriel Templemanshows a trim figure with an un­ruffled air. Her brown eyes try torepress a natural twinkle, and sheis always dressed becomingly butwithout one fussy detail.

She is as steady as a rock andwaits unhurriedly while a callerstates his business.. With personalcontrol of all callers to the Pre­mier's offices, Muriel Templemansees them all. The humblest old­age pensioner gets an appointmentto see the Premier just as quicklyas a busines tycoon. If the Pre­mier is away, callers unload theirgrievances onto Mrs. Templemanand, with long experience and sureknowledge, she can usually routetheir complaints to the departmentthat will deal with them promptly.

A widow told this writer thatfollowing the death of her husbandshe was in straitened circumstances

while awaiting settlement of his in­surance. She finally telephonedthe Premier's office, was promptlygiven an appointment-and beforesuppertime of that same day re­ceived a cheque, with a note ofapology for the delay, from theinsurance company.

Stories like that often centeraround the Premier's office. Indifficulties, "Joey" is the last­but sure, resort. When callers donot actually get to see the busyPremier, it is certainly safe to saythat the Premier's "girl Friday,"somehow finds the answer to thepeople's problems.

Mrs. Templeman says that de­spite the long hours of intensivework the Premier undertakes him­self, working sometimes until theearly hours of the morning, he

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never allows his staff to continuebeyond their regular hours.

"One of the best things aboutPremier Smallwood as an employ­er," says Mrs. Templeman," is thefact that he can make up his mindquickly, give a decision and thennever refer to it again. He neverchecks to see if it has been done.He is swift and thorough himself-and takes it for granted that hisstaff is the same. And," continuesMrs. Templeman, "you have noidea how much work can be accom­plished when it is passed to you soconcisely. Its a sort of challenge­and nearly always gets results."

"Like many other men," Mrs.Templeman says, "the Premier dis­likes having his desk disturbed, andclaims he can lay his hand on any­thing he needs." His office isjampacked with an assortment ofgifts and mementoes presented tohim on his many travels, includingthe famous "Flying Plate" thatentitled him to dine in any restaur­ant of his choosing during one ofhis whirlwind tours of Canada. Helikes keeping all these souvenirsand gifts in his office, althoughthey crowd out the place where somany people come to visit.

Despite the intensive flow ofbusiness through the Premier'soffices, there's a distinct homey,human touch about it all. Thecaller who is confidently appraisedby the Premier's private secretaryas he states his busines loses someof his nervousness, and feels nomatter what, that if he gets straightto the point his business will beconcluded with satisfaction for allconcerned.

ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

1

Scene of the "Viking" disaster of 1931, this off­shore fishing settlement (aces an uncertain future.

Horse IslandsBy DON RYAN

MIDWAY between White Bayand Green Bay lie two islands

ten to twelve miles off-shore. Theyare the St. Barbe or Horse Islands.

The two islands, Eastern andWestern, lie close together. OnEastern Island, larger of the two,the settlement known as tbe "HorseIslands" is located. Its populationis a little over 150.

Around the islands are some ofthe best cod fishing grounds in

otre Dame Bay north. Fishermenset their trawls or work their lines

JUNE, 115-4

less than a mile off-shore. Theyare hardy hard-working folk whofish through the "nets and wets"from June to December.

After December the islands arein complete isolation, the only con­tact with the mainland being pro­vided by telegraphy and radio-tele­phone. Thus fishermen are pre­vented from leaving the islands forlate fall and early winter work inthe woods at near by Baie Verte,since they would be unable to getback home before late spring.

2S

This isolation is felt in otherways, too. The nearest source ofsupplies and provisions is LaScie orPacquet, more than twelve milesaway. To make the run, fisher­men have to await suitable weatheras there is no shelter from seastorms along the route.

In the old days, when the crewsmade the trip, the folks on the is­land, if foggy weather had set in,would be out on the rocky head­lands firing off their muskets, sub­stituting for a fog alarm. Boatscould easily miss the island, especi­ally if they had no compass onboard.

Although the distance from HorseIslands to the mainland was cover­ed time and again, no mishap hasever occurred. The islands have arecord free of any sea fatality, anoteworthy tribute to the seaman­ship of those hardy fisherfolk.

When the "Viking" Blew Up

Tragedy, however, did strikenear the islands some 23 years agowhen the ill-fated Viking, prosecu­ting the sealfishery within thevicinity, blew up and sank.

First news of the disaster wasflashed across the island by OtisBartlett, wireless operator at thisisolated outpost. It was the morn­ing of March 17th, 193 J. Thiswas the message:

."At nine o'clock last night heardterrible explosion. Early this morn­ing the burning wreckage of asteamer was sighted about eightmiles east of here. Also saw mentravelling on ice towards island.No particulars as yet."

A hundred and eighteen men of

z.

the crew landed on the island andwere cared for by the residents.Men from the village scoured theice looking for the missing. Thro­ughout it all, for 48 hours, oper­ator Bartlett was at the key of histelegraphy set. Finally, assistancewas rendered and the men weretaken by boat to St. John's.

Medical assistance is also limitedby isolation. The nearest nurse istwelve miles away at LaScie, andthe nearest doctor and hospital fiftyto eighty-five miles away at Twill­ingate, Springdale, or St. Anthony.

The fisherfolk at the Horse Is­lands live in two coves on thesouthern side of the island. Thecoves are small and they provide afair measure of protection for fish­ing boats. But they are not largeenough to invite even the smallcoastal boats, such as the Codroy,to dock inside. Thus the littleboats anchor a short distance off­shore between the two coves andfishermen chug out in their smallfishing boats. The Codroy callsat the Horse Islands inward andoutward on the Green Bay run.

Firewood From the Sea

The islands are well-woodedbut vegetation borders on the scrubwithin the region where the fisher­folk have settled. Farther inland,the scrub merges into dense forestthat provides wood for fuel andbuilding.

Last May, however, the sea castashore a fair abundance of firewoodwhen the tides and winds broughtto the coves and rocky coastlinemany cords of pulpwood. Justabout every family had their little

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Grasses on the island are luxur­iant and in places grow to the topof the picket fences, especiallyaround the foot-path roadsides.

What little soil is available isfenced in. and given over to pota­toes. turnips. and other essentialroot crops. Raspberries and bake­apples grow fairly plentiful in sea­son.

stacks, drying the logs out in thesummer wind and sun.

Since September IJst. Horse Is­lands has a two-room school. sup­ported by the Pentecostal Mission.Nearly all the residents are of thePenetcostal faith.

There has been some noticeableprogress along educational lines but

fishery development has been some­what static. Fishing is the main­

stay of the island.

What of the future' Does itlie with the Fisheries Development

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The Be""url".ble Fel.t 01Hen,ey Supple J,e.

By MICHAEL F. MURPHY

9

STEVE BRODIE won renownby jumping off Brooklyn

Bridge, and enough hard cash toset himself up in business as asaloon keeper. The debunkers,however, who take great delight inripping apart legendary characters,claim that the object rhat hit thewater was not Steve but a dummy.Be that as it may, the gallant Stevecashed in on the feat and for yearswas a notable and much sought­after personage on the old Bowery.

Henry Supple, Jr., of St. John'sNewfoundland, did not jump offthe Bridge. In fact, there was nobridge to jump from w'hen hecrossed over from Brooklyn to Man­hattan in a bos'n's chair suspendedfrom a steel wire.

Brooklyn Bridge was the brain

child of an engineer named JohnRoebling who had had some successat similar undertakings. Strivingfat years to get people interested inthe idea, he finally had the satis­faction of having his plans acceptedand of superintending the prelimin­aty construction. John Roeblingdid not live to see the Bridge com­pleted, but his son, Washington,took up where his father left offand in the course of a few yearstwin towers, 278 feet high, rosein the air on both sides of the EastRiver, in Brooklyn and in Man­hattan.

On August 14, 1876, the firststrand of steel wire linking the twotowers spanned the East River.John Roebling's dream was soon tobecome a reality.

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23 ATLANTIC CUARDIAN

Twelve days later. on August26th., a horse-drawn cab, carryingWashington Roebling and his mas­ter mechanic, a stocky, dark-hairedNewfoundlander named Harry Sup­ple, J r., clattered along the noisy,dirty streets of Brooklyn's water­front. The men were on their wayto the Brooklyn tower to stage oneof the greatest publicity stunts ofthe nineteenth century. A shortwhile after reaching the tower,Henry Supple was seating himselfin a bos'n's chair attached to thesteel wire that stretched across theRiver.

Across 1600 Feet of Wire

Thousands of spectators on bothsides of the River watched in aweand fascination as the intrepidSupple made his perilous passageinch by inch, foot by foot, across

the more than 1,600 feet of steelwire that linked Brooklyn to Man­hattan. A slip would mean instantdeath, and on more than one occa­sion, as the flimsy "chair" wasswayed by the wind, it looked asthough Henry would topple over·into the murky waters beneath.But he made it safely, and when helanded on the Manhattan side, thevast crowd of spectators gave ventto their feelings in thunderouscheers that echoed and re-echoedalong the East River.

The site of the Bridge had beencrossed in this spectacular feat, butthe Bridge itself was not finallyconstructed until May, 1883, sevenyears later.

Henry Supple. Jr.. who per­formed this remarkable feat, wasborn in St. John's, the son of HenrySupple, the well-known "champion

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of fishermen's rights" who led thesea let's parade to demand free betthsto the sealfishery back in 1858.Henry, Sr., lived at 78 Gower St.,St. John's. His sister was married

to Henry Old ridge who kept a

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Very little is known of the sub­sequent history of Henry Supple Jr.It is said, however, that he workedat various other engineering pro­jects and died in New York at anadvanced age. His feat of daringbrought him neither great fame norfortune, but he will always be re­membered as the only man whoever crossed New Yark' s East Riveron a wire.

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ATLANTIC CUARDIAN

Home News from Abroad --

By RON PUMPHREY

A Little Bit 0' Newfie• Mary Anonscn. wife of Ball Anon­sen, formerly of Han'ey Street, Hr.Crace. applied for a job in Toronto.

She was sent to the offices of the~orth SLar Cement Company in down­town TorollLO.

The company llimed out to be alittle bit 0' Newfie.

It was the Torolllo office of the:\'orth Star Cement Company of Hum­bcmlOuth. ~ewfoundJand-

The Texas Newfoundlander• \\'hen Dick and Ada Bird, notedCanadian leclUrers and photographers.showed a movie of their making-on;\'cwfoundland-to a gathering inTexas. an old gentleman ';c1ose to 100years old" si.wnlered tip with watery

eyes IOld the Birds: ''I'm really

thrilled 10 have seen In} home (New­foundland) piclUrcd so beautifully."

Il is underslood the old gentleman

was Jacob Snow of Sl. John's, whohadn't seen his native province "fornigh on 50 }ears '

Maybe Next Summer(I Jim ,and Agnes Jones, both formerRell Islanders (.-\gnes was a Dwyer be­fore marriage), hale been in "'eiland,Onlo. ncady six rears now.

The}'d planned a permanent returntrip home Lhc summer before last, butthey decided literall) at the lastmoment a car would be a nice thingto ha\'e.

JUNE, 1954

So ther got the car. Trip postponed.'\Ve'll go home next year (1954) forsure;' they said.

But no sign of them )el.Reason is, they figured since we do

have a car, and since it's likely well'O,,'l have a chance to get to Bostonto see our kin jf we do go home thisyear, we'lI-uh-go to Boston-

The Jones' will be hack home in1955-for sure, they say. with a sus­picious grin,

Hard Tack 'n Salt Pork, B'ys• Cyril Framplon is one of the many;'\'ewfoundlanders who went away andllIade good, Cyril made his mark,wiLh a uniquc idea, in Toronto,

He c.deul.lIed there were hundredsof Newfoundlanders ill Toronto, and"Newfics just love fish and hrewis andlJakcapples and fhe like."

So Cyril opcned up a Newfoundlandshop, on upper Sl. Clair A\enuc, andsold e\erything a ;\'ewfollndlandcrlikes to cal.

Saturda~s he's so bus) iL's imposs­ible for him to make small lalk o\'erthe 'phone.

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B~.by of theMonth

Who doesn't care if the Prem­ier of Newfoundland is busy?'Vho goes right in and climbsonto his lap? Who does hergrandfather call "his litde darl·ing?" 'Vhy, 'tis l~month-old

Lorraine Smallwood, who s eDaddy, Ramsey Smallwood, thePremier's son, lil'es with his wifeand another "darling" of thePremier's-3Y.t-year·old Josephine-at Canada House. Lorraineand Josephine are the last onesto get a hug from the Premierwhen he goes away-and thefirst to give him a kiss when hecomes back.

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The e\'enL has been planned by agroup of Newfoundland·born residentswho feel it will help other Newfound·landers get together and renew oldacquaintances.

Griffith Park is centrally locatedand within easy reach of suburbancities.

"On·and-off Again"

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ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

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