Pipe-Marking Best Practice Guide

THE BEST PRACTICE GUIDE TO:

A Graphic Products Library Resource

Pipe Marking

800-788-5572 | www.DuraLabel.com | www.GraphicProducts.com

The information presented in this guide was obtained from sources whom we deem reliable and the best available sources; Graphic Products, Inc. has made every effort to ensure this information is correct. However, we do not guarantee accuracy or completeness. Graphic Products, Inc. makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied. Information in this guide is subject to change without notice. Except as expressly provided for in writing, the liability of Graphic Products, Inc. arising from the use of this guide is specifi cally excluded and Graphic Products, Inc. disclaims all warranties and any liability for damages of any kind and any liability whether in contract, tort under statute or otherwise for any injury, damage or loss whatsoever. No reliance should be placed on information contained or to be implied or inferred in this guide, and users of this guide should verify all information with ANSI and OSHA sources directly.

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................pg 1 An overview of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking.

TOOLS ..................................................................................................................pg 2What labeling tools are available to effi ciently label an entire facility indoors and outdoors?

EVALUATION OF FACILITY ..................................................................... pg 3 What to look for when evaluating a facility.

Evaluation TipWhat to Look ForStandard Abbreviations

LABEL CREATION ....................................................................................... pg 9 See available resources for customizing pipe markers.

Equipment and SuppliesLabel Creation Steps

LABEL PLACEMENT ................................................................................pg 11Proper placement of pipe labels will increase worker safety and improve overall workfl ow.

Removing Old Labels

LABEL MAINTENANCE .........................................................................pg 12 What may be used to clean and maintain pipe labels?

APPENDIX A - EVALUATION CHECKLIST ..................................pg 13 Use this checklist to help label a facility.

APPENDIX B - PIPE MARKING GUIDES ....................................pg 14 Various industries need to comply with specifi c standards.

ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Pipe Marking GuideAmmonia Pipe Marking GuideNFPA 99/CGA C-9 Pipe Marking GuideISO/DIS 14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking GuideCommercial Building Pipe Marking GuideWater Treatment Pipe Marking Guide

What type of supplies are available for marking unique surfaces and environments?

10

What are the different pipe marking standards?

CONTENTSContents of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking by Graphic Products, Inc.

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14

1 www.DuraLabel.com800-788-5572

1 The words pipe marker, pipe marking and label are used interchangeably throughout this guide.

Pipe markers play a vital role in safety. They can provide information for emergency responders and save lives of on-site workers.

INTRODUCTIONThe following pages provide basic instructions for pipe label design, printing and placement. These recommended practices will help improve facility effi ciency and increase safety through visual communication.

Proper pipe marking1 plays a critical role in protecting the safety of workers, visitors and emergency responders who must enter a facility. The following pages are designed to help your facility comply with widely accepted standards for pipe marking. Following these standards helps ensure pipe content, fl ow direction and additional pipe information are easily seen and understood by all.

Pipe marker design and color-code compliance is best achieved with the use of an industrial label printer. Pipe marking software, included with DuraLabel printers, makes it easy to accurately print for compliance using custom information. The goal is to reduce confusion, dangerous situations, injuries and even deaths.

Keep this guide handy in your facility to help you, your staff and contractors understand and print compliant pipe markers. DuraLabel printers come bundled with pipe marking software to make compliance simple. DuraLabel also offers a wide selection of industrial labeling supplies for making pipe markers, valve tags and other types of labels and signs.

DuraLabel offers over 50 application-specifi c supplies to choose from so you’ll always have the right supply for making durable labels and signs for nearly any surface or setting. Having the right supply for your specifi c application ensures long-term performance – even in the harshest industrial environments.

For further assistance please contact one of our knowledgeable customer service representatives at 800-788-5572.

www.DuraLabel.com 2800-788-5572

2 Although other industrial quality printers may be used, the DuraLabel PRO 300 is a popular thermal transfer printer proven to make effective, long-lasting pipe markers. The descriptions given in this guide use the DuraLabel PRO 300.

DuraLabel provides many labeling supplies and tools to properly color-code pipes within a facility.

TOOLSVarious items are needed when evaluating your facility for marking pipes appropriately.

The recommended tools and equipment needed for making pipe markers includes:

• Schematic of the facility’s pipe system

• Computer with Windows 2000 Operating System or above

◦ DuraLabel Mobile Print Station™ 150 XL or a laptop if portability is needed

◦ Word processing software or DuraLabel DuraSuite™ software

◦ DuraLabel library of symbols, templates and examples

• DuraLabel PRO series printer2 (www.duralabel.com)◦ DuraLabel DuraPak™ battery (optional, for portability)

◦ DuraLabel premium vinyl tapes(tape size depends on the size of the pipe)

◦ DuraLabel premium and/or petroleum ribbon in white and black

◦ Additional supplies for special purpose applications

- Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves for putting pipe markers on dirty, oily or rusty pipes

- Low temperature vinyl for labeling pipes in cold storage areas

- Refl ective vinyl for labeling pipes that need to be seen under low-light conditions

- Extended-Life Vinyl is ideal for outdoor labeling

• Supplies and equipment to clean and prepare pipes for labeling

◦ Putty knife, isopropyl alcohol, WD-40 or heat gun


EVALUATION OF FACILITYNow that you have the tools needed for pipe marking, the next step is an evaluation of the pipe systems in your facility. This requires walking through the facility to visually evaluate and document each piping system. Carry a pen, a pad of paper and a camera with you. Use drawings of your facility’s piping systems to aid you in documenting any problems that are identifi ed. An easy-to-use inspection form is available in Appendix A of this guide.

Evaluate piping systems indoors and outdoors. DuraLabel provides supplies which will endure many environments.

What to Look ForWhen evaluating your facility, look for and pay attention to:• existing pipe markers

◦ Are they physically damaged, deteriorated, dirty, discolored or in a location or condition likely to result in future physical damage or failure?

◦ Are they accurate? (Name, fl ow direction, label color)• pipes with missing pipe markers

• new equipment

• new pipes that redirect contents to/from new equipment

• areas where maintenance has been performed

• traffi c areas

Evaluation TipDuring your pipe evaluation, make sure to document all current pipe markers. Consider how existing marking could be improved to better visually communicate pipe information to workers.

Defi nition of PipeA pipe is a conduit used to convey, distribute, mix, separate, discharge, meter, control, or snub fl uid fl ows. A pipe system includes the pipes, plus fi ttings, fl anges, valves and pipe coverings. (ASME/ANSI A13.1 (2007) standard)


Color SchemeThe contents of a pipe determines the color scheme of the pipe marker. See Table 1 to ensure existing pipe markers are standard-compliant. If not, they should be replaced.

Pipe Label SizeThe size of the pipe marker is also an important factor. Properly sized labels will allow personnel to read the labels at a reasonable distance. See Table 2 to ensure existing pipe markers are standard-compliant. If not, they should be replaced.

Although the ASME/ANSI standard suggests labeling all pipes, it is required for pipes to be labeled in the following situations:

• the contents of pipes could affect procedures during emergency situations

• the contents of pipes are hazardous

• the fl ow direction is unknown

• the destination of the contents is unknown

• the fl ow needs to be redirected for maintenance

• one or more valves need to be shut off for maintenance

In conducting your inspection, use a pipe schematic and piping drawings to plan your inspection. Consult your facility’s pipe schematics to ensure accurate labeling of contents and direction of fl ow.

NOTE: Pipes too small for labels should be marked with a hanging tag.

Properly identifying pipes, valves and containers will aid in safety.

TAB

LE 1

– C

olor

s

Fluid ServiceBackground

ColorLetter Color

Fire Quenching Fluids Red White

Toxic & Corrosive Fluids Orange Black

Flammable Fluids Yellow Black

Combustible Fluids Brown White

Potable, Cooling, Boiler Feed & Other Water Green White

Compressed Air Blue White

Use the Appendix A at the end of this guide to help determine the color, size,

and quantity of labels needed.

EVALUATION OF FACILITY

TAB

LE 2

– S

izes

Outside Pipe DiameterIncluding Covering

Minimum Length of Label Field Color

Minimum Heightof Letters

0.75" - 1.25" 19 - 32 mm 8" 203 mm 0.5" 13 mm

1.5" - 2" 38 - 51 mm 8" 203 mm 0.75" 19 mm

2.5" - 6" 64 - 152 mm 12" 305 mm 1.25" 32 mm

8" - 10" 203 - 254 mm 24" 610 mm 2.5" 64 mm

Over 10" Over 254 mm 32" 813 mm 3.5" 89 mm

Use a hanging pipe tag as pictured above for pipes which are too small.


CMPT Computed

CNMT Containment

COM Common

COMP Component

CONC Concentration

COND Condenser/Condensate

CONDTY Conductivity

CONT Controller

CONT ROD Control Rod

CONTR Control

COR Correction

CORR Correlation

COUNT Count

CPM Counts Per Minute

CPU Central Processing Unit

CPUS Central Processing Units

CR Control Room

CRB Chemical Recovery Boiler

CROM Control Rod Drive Mechanism

CS Containment Spray

CSR Cable Spreading Room

CST Condensate Storage Tank

CW Circulating Water

CWP Circulating Water Pump

CYL Cylinder

D/G Diesel Generator

DEG Degrees

DEMIN Demineralizer

DET Detector

DEV Deviation

DIV Division

DO Diesel Fuel Oil

DOT Dirty Oil Tank

DSCH Discharge

DT Delta Temperature

ECCS Emergency Core Cooling System

EDT Equipment Drain Tank

EFCT Effect

EFLNT Effl uent

EHC Electro Hydraulic Control

ELEC Electrical

EQ Equipment

EQUIP Equipment

ES Extraction Steam

ABED Aux. Building Equipment Drains

ABEDT Aux. Building Equipment Drain Tank

ABFD Aux. Building Floor Drain

ABFDT Aux. Building Floor Drain Train

ACB Air Circuit Breaker

ACK Acknowledge

ACT Actuate

ADJ Adjust

AFW Auxiliary Feedwater

ALM Alarm

AMB Ambient

ANAL Analyzer

AO(V) Air Operated (Valve)

AVG Average

BA Boric Acid

BAR Bar Graph

BAT Boric Acid Tank / Battery

BD Blow Down

BIST Bistable

BIT Boron Injection Tank

BKR Breaker

BL Black Liquid

BOP Balance of Plant

BTM Bottom

BTU British Thermal Unit

BUP Backup

C Centigrade (aka. Celsius)

C/CB Condensate/Cond. Booster

C1M Cumulative One Minute

CAB Cabinet

CAL Calibration/Calorie

CAUS Cause

CCW Component Cooling Water/Closed Cooling Water

CD Condensate

CDB Condensate Booster

CDT Chemical Drain Tank

CHAM Chamber

CHAN Channel

CHNG Change

CHRG Charging

CJB Cold Junction Box

CKT Circuit

CL Cold Leg

CLNG Cooling

Standard AbbreviationsThe following table provides a list of standard abbreviations that may be used on pipe markers. Abbreviations should only be used to make the message easier to read and when it is impractical to write out the entire word or phrase.



K Kilo

LNG Long/Liquifi ed Natural Gas

LO FLW Low Flow

M/G Motor Generator Sets

MAINT Maintenance

MAX Maximum

MCR Main Control Room

MFP Main Feed Pump

MIN Minutes/Minimum

MOIST Moisture

MPH Miles Per Hour

MPS Miles Per Second

MS Main Steam/Moisture Separator

MSIV Main Steam Isolation Valve

MSR Moisture Separator Reheater

MTR Motor

MU Makeup

MVBL Moveable

NAOH Sodium Hydroxide

NAR Narrow

NAR RNG Narrow Range

NBL Noble

NEG Negative

NEUT Neutron

NIS Nuclear Instrumentation System

NR Narrow Range

NUC Nuclear

OG Off-Gas

OOS Out of Service

OP Over Pressure

OPER Operator/Operating

OT Over Temperature

OT-OP Over Temp-Over Pressure

OUT Output

OUTBD Outboard

OUTLT Outlet

OVERLD Overload

OVERTEMP Over Temperature

OVRPWR Overpower

PART Partial

PARTIC Particulate

PCT Percent

PCV Pressure Control Valve

PENET Penetration

PMG Permanent Magnet Generator

PNEU Pneumatic

PORV Power Operated Relief Valve

POS Positive

ESS Essential Service

ESF Engineered Safety Feature

EXH Exhaust/Exhauster

EXPANS Expansion

EXTR Extracted Extractor/Extraction

F Fahrenheit

FCV Flow Control Valve

FD Forced Draft

FH Fuel Handling

FLW Flow

FO Fuel Oil

FREQ Frequency

FRNT Front

FW Feed Water

GOV Governor

GPM Gallons Per Minute

GRP Group

GSC Gland Steam Condenser

GV Governor Valve

HG(A) Mercury (absolute)

HGHT Height

HIDP High Differential Pressure

HL Hot Leg

HOV Hydraulic Operated Valve

HP High Pressure

HR(S) Hour

HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator

HT RT Heat Rate

HTNG Heating

HU/CD Heatup/Cooldown

HUT Hold up Tank

HYD Hydraulic

I/P Current to Pressure

I/V Current to Voltage

IA Instrument Air

ID Identifi cation/Inside Diameter

INBO Inboard

INC Increase

INF Infl uent

INIT Initial

INL Inlet

INSERTIN Insertion

INST Instrument/Instantaneous

INT Internal

INTERM Intermediate

IOD Iodine

ISOL Isolation

JUNCT Junction



SEC Second

SEL Select

SEP Separator

SERV Service

SFP Service Fuel Pump

SGTR Steam Generator Tube Rupture

SI Safety Injection

SPEC Specifi cation

STDY Steady

STNBY Standby

STOR Storage

SUPPR Suppressed

SUPRESS Suppression

SW Service Water/Switch

SWST Secondary Water Storage Tank

T/C Thermocouples

TAMB Temperature Ambient

TAVG Average Temperature

TB Turbine Building/Terminal Box/Block

TC Cold Leg Temperature

TCV Temperature Control Valve

TD Turbine Drain

TG Turbine Generator

THER Thermal

THRT Throttle

THST Thrust

TREP Reference Temperature

TRNA Train A (B, C, etc.)

TRNSNT Transient

TRP Trip

TTD Terminal Temp. Difference

TURBS Turbines

UNCONT Uncontrolled

VAC Vacuum

VALS Values

VAP Vapor

VAR Variance

VCT Volume Control Tank

VIB Vibration

VNT Vent

VOL Volume

WR Wide Range

XFR Transfer

XMTR Transmitter

POT Potentiometer

PPB Parts per Billion

PPM Parts per Million

PR58 Process Radiation Monitor 58

PREAMP Preamplifi ers

PRG Purge

PRI Primary

PROC Process

PRT Pressurizer Relief Tank

PS Power Supply

PSI Lbs Per Square Inch

PSIA Lbs Per Square Inch Absolute

PSIG Lbs Per Inch Gauge

PSIO Lbs Per Square Inch Differential

PT Point

PTL Pull-To-Lock

PUL Pulverizer

PW Primary Water

PWR RNG Power Range

PRV Pressure Relief Valve

PZR Pressurizer Relief Tank

RC Reactor Coolant

RCDT Reactor Coolant Drain Tank

RCFC Reactor Containment Fan Cooler

RCL Reactor Coolant Loop

RCS Reactor Coolant System

RDT Reheater Drain Tank

RECOMB Recombiner

REGEN Regenerative

REL Relative

RESID Residual

RH Residual Heat

RHR Residual Heat Removal

RHT Reheat

RLY Relay

RNG Range/Running

ROC Rate of Change

RTD Resistance Temp. Detector

RTN Return

RVLIS Reactor Vessel Level Indication System

RW Radwaste

RWST Refueling Water Storage Tank

S/G Steam Generator

SA Service Air

SB Service Building

Standard Abbreviations (cont.)




LABEL CREATIONNeed pipe markers? Evaluate what your facility’s needs are fi rst. If your facility is medium-to-large in size, it may be more cost-effective and effi cient to have an industrial label printer in-house. Pipe markers, and many other industrial labels, can be custom designed and easily printed on demand when employees have access to the right printer and supplies in their work area.

Take the guess work out by using DuraLabel printers, supplies and software to quickly create and print the pipe labels you need.

The DuraLabel PRO 300 Pipe Marking Kit* includes:

• DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer

• DuraSuite™ Labeling Software (FREE)

• 2" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape

• 2" Green Premium Vinyl Tape

• 2" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape

• 4" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape

• 4" Green Premium Vinyl Tape

• 4" Red Premium Vinyl Tape

• 4" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape

• 4" Brown Premium Vinyl Tape

• 4.3" White Resin Ribbon

• 4.3" Black Resin Ribbon

*Contents are subject to change. Kits may be customized.

Equipment and SuppliesPreprinted pipe marker labels aren’t cheap. Facilities relying on these generic labels to mark pipes often pay more in replacement costs due to the marker’s short life span. Because preprinted labels are generic, they may not always visually communicate pipe information accurately. The DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer is an excellent option for most facility pipe marking projects. Quality 300 dpi resolution provides crisp and clear legibility for pipe marking projects.

king Kit* includes:

E)

tomized.

DuraLabel PRO 300 Pipe Marking KitStandard kit shown, custom kits available


Label Creation Steps (with the DuraLabel PRO 300)

Use the DuraSuite™ labeling software included with all DuraLabel PRO printers or design the required pipe labels with a familiar word processor, such as Microsoft® Word or OpenOffi ce.org. The Software CD included with DuraLabel desktop printers comes with pre-made MS Word templates and examples. The DuraLabel PRO 300 printer can print on supplies up to 4" wide.

Using Pre-Existing Software

1. See Table 2 in the “Evaluation of Facility” section to determine the size of label and letters and adjust the page format accordingly.

2. Type out text in capital letters, using a sans-serif font.3. From the DuraLabel PRO 300 symbols library, insert

an arrow to indicate the direction of fl ow of the pipe contents.

4. See Table 1 in the “Evaluation of Facility” section to determine the appropriate color of the labeling tape and ribbon. Load the DuraLabel PRO 300 printer accordingly.

5. Print the label(s).

Some of the special supplies that are available include:

• Cold Storage Vinyl Tape – Adhesive will stick on cold surfaces

• High-Tack Tapes – For surfaces that are not smooth

• Low-Halogen – Prevents corrosion to stainless steel

• Refl ective Tape – For low-light settings

• Oily Surface Labels – Sticks to oily or greasy surfaces

• Marine Label Tapes – Resistant to salt water spray

• Ultra-Aggressive – Sticks to highly textured surfaces

• Valve Tags – To identify pipes whose labels would be too small for readability

Easily print pipe labels in automatic or manual mode using DuraSuite. Choose from single or wrap-around label layouts to comply with codes.

Go Mobile: Label anywhere in the facility using the DuraLabel TORO —Our popular standalone model with 9" touch screen and fold-out keyboard.

Using DuraSuite Automatic Pipe Marker Design

1. Open the DuraSuite™ Labeling Software.2. Select the Pipe Marking module.3. Select the pipe’s contents from one of the menus or

enter appropriate text & select appropriate arrows.4. Select the pipe’s outside diameter dimension.5. Load the printer with appropriate supplies determined

by Tables 1 & 2 in the “Facility Evaluation” section.6. Select the number of labels & print the label(s).

LABEL CREATION

5. Print the label(s).

Go Mobile: Label anywhere in the facility using the DuraLabel TORO —Our popular standalone model with 9" touch screen and fold out keyboard


LABEL PLACEMENTPipe marker location plays a critical role in the safety and effi ciency of every facility. In many facilities, pipe systems generally have a number of bends, penetrations, valves and possibly distribution headers. Factor these visual obstacles into your fi nal placement decision. Every pipe must have pipe markers that are visible from any location from which the pipe can be seen.

Labels must always be applied to clean and dry surfaces to provide lasting performance. Visually appropriate locations often need to be cleaned of debris to create an acceptable pipe marker surface. At locations where cleaning is not an option, DuraLabel Pipe Grabber™ sleeves may be an appropriate alternative.

Pipe markers should be placed:

• To indicate direction of fl ow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label

• To be visible from the point of normal approach

• At any line entry or re-entry point

• Near valves, fl anges, and changes in pipe direction

• At both sides of ceiling, wall, or fl oor penetrations

• At least once every 50 feet on straight pipe runs

Placement of labels will vary facility to facility and should be applied accordingly to comply with codes.

Special Conditions for placement:

• If pipeline is located above the normal line of vision, the label shall be placed below the horizontal center line of the pipe to maximize visibility

• If pipeline is located below the normal line of vision, the label shall be placed above the horizontal center line of the pipe to maximize visibility

• Use Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves when:

◦ Pipe is very dirty and cannot be cleaned

◦ Labels won’t adhere because the pipe is covered with rust, scale, un-lagged insulation, etc.

Removing Old LabelsMany labels can be removed by scraping them off with a putty knife. However, with strong labels such as labels made using DuraLabel vinyl tapes, this can be a labor intensive process. Heating the label with a heat gun will speed this process.

For some applications a powered wire brush can be used to quickly remove labels. The use of this type of tool must take into consideration the type of surface the label is applied to and whether that surface will be damaged.


DISCLAIMER: This guide is for general purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.© 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Regularly inspect pipe labels to ensure correct labeling, readability and for code compliance.

LABEL MAINTENANCELabels should be properly maintained to ensure long-life, legibility and readability. Under normal outdoor conditions labels will typically last fi ve to seven years. Environmental conditions can cause either a shorter or longer label life.

Clean dirty, illegible pipe labels and replace if damaged.

Labels should be inspected on a periodic basis and replaced if missing or deteriorated. Accumulation of debris, grease, oil, or other materials should be cleaned off.

Pipe markers are only useful if they are visible. DuraLabel PRO supplies are chemical resistant. Solvents and cleaning agents may be used when necessary to clean off dirt, grime, oil, etc.

If cleaning is not possible and a label is not readable, replace the existing label with a new one.

Set up a schedule to reevaluate your facility. Refer to the section “Evaluation of Facility” of this guide for help.


Outside Pipe

Diameter

Flammable Fluids

Directio

n of Flow (L

/R)Combusti

ble Fluids

Water

Compressed Air

Fire Q

uenching F

luids

Toxic

/Corro

sive Fluids

Label C

olorLa

bel Width Number o

f

Labels

AP

PEN

DIX

A –

EV

ALU

ATI

ON

CH

ECK

LIS

TU

se th

is c

heck

list t

o ke

ep tr

ack

of th

e nu

mbe

r and

type

of

labe

ls n

eede

d du

ring

the

eval

uatio

n.

NO

TES:

• U

se T

able

1 in

sec

tion

“Eva

luat

ion

of F

acili

ty”

to d

eter

min

e th

e la

bel c

olor

by

the

pipe

con

tent

s.•

Use

Tab

le 2

in s

ectio

n “E

valu

atio

n of

Fac

ility

” to

det

erm

ine

the

labe

l siz

e by

the

pipe

dia

met

er.

• T

he d

irect

ion

of th

e fl o

w is

eith

er le

ft o

r rig

ht re

lativ

e to

whe

re th

e la

bel w

ill b

e ap

plie

d.

• T

o es

timat

e th

e nu

mbe

r of l

abel

s, d

ivid

e th

e to

tal p

ipe

leng

th b

y 5

0 th

en in

crea

se th

e nu

mbe

r for

val

ves,

pen

etra

tions

, cha

nges

in d

irect

ion,

etc

.

Nam

e of

pip

e co

nten

tLo

cati

on


APPENDIX B – PIPE MARKING GUIDESThis appendix provides pipe marking guides covering a variety of pipe locations. There are fi ve guides provided in this appendix:

ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe MarkingThe ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe Marking Guide provides the pipe labeling requirements that apply to most facilities. In an industrial, institutional, and commercial building, there will be both hazardous and non-hazardous materials fl owing through many miles of pipes. According to the ANSI/ASME A13.1 standards, pipe markers must list the contents of the pipe, the hazards it poses, and any other important information necessary. This guides shows what information must be on code-compliant labels, what size labels need to be, what color labels must be, and where labels should be applied.

Ammonia Pipe Marking GuideAmmonia is corrosive to the skin, eyes, lungs, and can be deadly at higher levels of exposure. The Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide provides the International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration labeling standards for ammonia piping. The IIAR standard requires that thorough and specifi c labeling be applied to all pipes that contain ammonia-based refrigerants.

NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking GuideAccording to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), all pipes carrying medical gasses in Health Care Facilities must be labeled. The NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking Guide provides information about the NFPA 99 standards, including what should be on the label and where the label should be placed. At minimum, medical pipe markers must include the contents, direction of fl ow, and pressure. Oxygen, Vacuum, Medical Air, Nitrous Oxide, and Nitrogen are just a few of the gasses the NFPA 99 requires to be labeled.

ISO/DIS-14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking GuideShips and other sea vessels use a pipe marking system that is internationally recognized. This guide provides detailed information about the International ISO/DIS-14726 standards commonly known as the Marine Pipe Marking Standards. (ISO/DIS 14726-2: specifi es additional color codes for more detailed identifi cation of substances carried by pipes.)

Commercial Building Pipe Marking GuideThe Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides detailed information about labeling the piping systems within facilities. The ANSI/ASME A13.1 code applies to labeling pipes in commercial buildings. However, in some buildings it is desirable to have more detailed information than is provided by ANSI/ASME pipe markers. For example, there are many types of water used in a commercial building and identifying what type of water is in a pipe is important. The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides a standard used to label pipes with the additional information.

Water Treatment Pipe Marking GuideBeyond the standards of ANSI/ASME A13.1 pipe marking standards, various state governments have adopted these recommendations for marking pipes at water treatment facilities. In this guide, we’ve put these recommendations together to help you properly mark several kinds of treatment lines, including sludge lines, gas lines, water lines and other types.


MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed:

• to indicate direction of fl ow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label• to be visible from the point of normal approach • near valves, fl anges and changes in pipe direction • both sides of ceiling, wall or fl oor penetrations • at any line entry or re-entry point• on straight pipe runs • every 25 ft to 50 ft

ABOVE: Orientation of labelsABOVE: Label placement in relation

to point of normal approach

NOTE: It is recommended that pipes less than .75" in diameter be labeled with a permanent tag.

ANSI/ASME A13.1 PIPE MARKING GUIDEThe following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identifi cation of Pipes.

MATERIAL PROPERTY DEFINITION OF MATERIAL PROPERTYLETTER COLOR ON

FIELD COLOR EXAMPLE

Flammable Fluids which are a vapor or produce vapors that can ignite and continue to burn in air.

Black on Yellow

Combustible Fluids that may burn but are not fl ammable. White on Brown

Toxic & Corrosive

Fluids which are corrosive or toxic or will produce corrosive or toxic substances.

Black on Orange

Fire Quenching Water and other substances used in sprinkler fi re fi ghting piping systems.

White on Red

Other Water Any other water except for water used in sprinkler & fi re fi ghting piping systems.

White on Green

Compressed Air Any vapor or gas under pressure that does not fi t a category above.

White on Blue

Defined by User Defined by user. White on Black

Defined by User Defined by user. Black on White

Defined by User Defined by user. White on Purple

Defined by User Defined by user. White on Gray

DEFINED BY USER

DEFINED BY USER

DEFINED BY USER

DEFINED BY USER

BOILER WATER

COMPRESSED AIR

HYDROGEN

NITRIC ACID

ACETIC ACID

SPRINKLER WATER

COLOR CODE

This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.

© 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter

Outside Pipe Diameter Including Covering

Minimum Length ofLabel Field Color

Minimum Height of Letters

.75" - 1.25"

1.5" - 2"

2.5" - 6"

8" - 10"

Over 10"

(19 - 32 mm)

(38 - 51 mm)

(64 - 152 mm)

(203 - 254 mm)

(Over 254 mm)

8"

8"

12"

24"

32"

(203 mm)

(203 mm)

(305 mm)

(610 mm)

(813 mm)

.5"

.75"

1.25"

2.5"

3.5"

(13 mm)

(19 mm)

(32 mm)

(64 mm)

(89 mm)

1. ABBREVIATIONSAbbreviations for Ammonia System Components:Black printed on yellow

2. PHYSICAL STATE LIQ – Liquid: Black or white printed on orangeVAP – Vapor: Black or white printed on blue*LIQ/VAP: Use both if both states exist

4. PRESSURE LEVELHIGH Pressure: +70 psigBlack or white printed on red

LOW Pressure: =/-70 psigBlack or white printed on greenABBREVIATION SYSTEM

BD Booster Discharge VAP LOWCD Condenser LIQ HIGHDC Defrost Condensate LIQ HIGHES Economizer Suction VAP LOWEQ Equalizer VAP HIGHFG Foul Gas VAP LOWHG Hot Gas VAP HIGH

HGD Hot Gas Defrost VAP HIGHHPL High Pressure Liquid LIQ HIGHHSD High Stage Discharge VAP HIGHHSS High Stage Suction VAP LOW

HTRL High Temperature Recirculated Liquid LIQ LOWHTRS High Temperature Recirculated Suction LIQ/VAP HIGH

HTS High Temperature Suction VAP LOWLD Liquid Drain LIQ LOW

LIC Liquid Injection Cooling LIQ HIGHLSS Low Stage Suction VAP LOW

LT Liquid Transfer LIQ LOWLTRL Low Temperature Recirculated Liquid LIQ/VAP LOWLTRS Low Temperature Recirculated Suction LIQ LOW

LTS Low Temperature Suction VAP LOWMTRL Medium Temperature Recirculated Liquid LIQ LOWMTRS Medium Temperature Recirculated Suction LIQ/VAP LOW

MTS Medium Temperature Suction VAP LOWPL Purge Line VAP HIGHPO Pump Out — —PU Purge LIQ HIGHRV Relief Vent VAP HIGH

TSR Thermosyphon Return LIQ/VAP HIGHTSS Thermosyphon Supply LIQ HIGH

Abbreviations marked with this symbol are popularly used, but non-IIAR approved.*DuraLabel Sky Blue Premium Vinyl recommended. 3. MARKER BODY

“AMMONIA” printed in black on yellow5. FLOW DIRECTIONDirection of flow of the system contents is indicated by the arrows. Place arrows at one or both ends of the label.

AMMONIA PIPE MARKING GUIDEThe following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the IIAR (International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration) Standards.

1 2 3 4 5

MARKER LOCATION (IIAR #114 §5.0)

Pipe markers shall be placed:

• before and after a change in piping direction

• before and after piping penetrations (e.g. walls)

• on extended runs of pipe, with a max spacing of 40 ft between markers

• minimum of one per each area of refrigeration pipe passage (e.g. one per room)

IIAR #114 §7.0 requires the posting of a reference chart with pipe marking identification and

abbreviation information in an area conspicuous to operating personnel.

Make the chart out of a durable material for continued legibility.

This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards. © 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART Available on Page #18

COMPONENT MARKERSLabel text should identify equipment name (e.g. RECEIVER, ACCUMULATOR, RECIRCULATOR)

HIGHRECEIVER

• 2.5" Tall Black Text on Yellow Background

• 3.5" minimum Label height with 2.5" margins at each end

• Pressure Level Designation: 3.5" minimum height; “High” (back on red) or “Low” (white on green)

4" 2.5"

2.5"

Pressure Level Designation

16


NFPA 99/CGA C-9 PIPE MARKING GUIDENFPA 99 & CGA C-9 Standard Color Marking of Compressed Gas Containers, Pipelines & Valves for Medical. Use ASME/ANSI Pipe Identifi cation Placement & Orientation Standards.

This guide is for general information only. Not intended to be used in place of CGA C-9,

NFPA 99 or ASME/ANSI standards.© 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc.

All Rights Reserved.


• to indicate direction of fl ow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label• near valves, fl anges and changes in pipe direction• to be visible from the point of normal approach • both sides of ceiling, wall, partitions or fl oor penetrations • at least once in or above every room• on straight pipe runs, at intervals of not more than 20 ft• at least once in every story height traversed by risers

NOTE: It is recommended that pipes less than .75" in diameter, be labeled with a permanent tag

MATERIAL PROPERTY LETTER COLOR ON FIELD COLOR EXAMPLE

Single Gases –

Oxygen USP† White on Green OXYGEN 50-55 PSI

Carbon Dioxide† White on Gray CARBON DIOXIDE

Nitrous Oxide† White on Blue NITROUS OXIDE

Cyclopropane‡ Black on Orange CYCLOPROPANE

Helium USP† White on Brown HELIUM 50-55 PSI

Nitrogen NF† White on Black NITROGEN 160-200 PSI

Medical Air USP† Black on Yellow MEDICAL AIR

Instrument Air† White on Red INSTRUMENT AIR

Waste Anaesthetic Gas Disposal (WAGD)† White on Violet WASTE ANAESTHETIC

Laboratory Air† Black on White/Yellow Checkerboard LABORATORY AIR

Laboratory Vacuum† Black on White/Black Checkerboard2 LABORATORY VACUUM

Medical-Surgical Vacuum† Black on White MEDICAL VACUUM

Gas Mixtures of Oxygen USP and Nitrogen NF –

19.5% to 23.5% Oxygen‡ Black on Yellow 20% OXYGEN 80% NITROGEN

All other Oxygen Concentrates1‡ Black AND Green 40% OXYGEN 60% NITROGEN

Other Gas Mixtures –

Oxygen USP and Nitrous Oxide USP: 1‡

52.5% Oxygen USP, 47.5% Nitrous Oxide USPNot Assigned

- Defi ned By User -52.5% OXYGEN

47.5% NITROUS OXIDE

Oxygen USP and Carbon Dioxide USP: 1‡

≥ 93% Oxygen USP, remainder Carbon Dioxide USP Gray on Green 93% OXYGEN 7% CARBON DIOXIDE

Oxygen USP and Helium USP: 1‡

≥ 20% Oxygen USP, remainder Helium USP Green on Brown 20% OXYGEN 80% HELIUM

1 Use the background colors of the Single Gases. For Other Gas Mixture Pipe Labels, use the major gas for label color and use the minor gas color for text color.2 Use a white box with a black outline behind the text. †Complies to NFPA 99 color marking standards. ‡Complies to CGA C-9 color marking standards.

ABOVE: Orientation of labels

ABOVE: Label placement in relation to point of normal approach





.75" - 1.25"

1.5" - 2"

2.5" - 6"

8" - 10"

Over 10"

(19 - 32 mm)

(38 - 51 mm)

(64 - 152 mm)

(203 - 254 mm)

(Over 254 mm)

8"

8"

12"

24"

32"

(203 mm)

(203 mm)

(305 mm)

(610 mm)

(813 mm)

.5"

.75"

1.25"

2.5"

3.5"

(13 mm)

(19 mm)

(32 mm)

(64 mm)

(89 mm)


Additional Color (blue)

Main Color(yellow)

Steam (silver)Steam for Heating Purposes

Exhaust Steam

Supply SteamFresh Water (blue)Sanitary Fresh Water

Potable Water

Distillate

Gas-Turbine Wash Water

Feed Water

Cooling Fresh Water

Chilled Water

Condensate

Non-Flammable Gases (grey)Oxygen

Inert Gas

Nitrogen

Refrigerant

Compressed Air LP (low pressure)

Compressed Air HP (high pressure)

Control Air/Regulating Air

Breathing Air a

Breathing Gas a

a This marking is used in submarines for distribution systems of breathing air from cylinders

Oils other than Fuels (orange)Used Oil (Not Contaminated)

Thermal Fluid

Lubrication Oil for Gas Turbines

Hydraulic Fluid

Lubrication Oil for Steam Turbines

Lubrication Oil for Gears

Lubrication Oil for Internal Combustion Engines

Sea Water (green)Decontamination Water

Sanitary Sea Water

Ballast Water

Cooling Sea Water

For ships mixed with navigation (sea-river ships) all outside waters

Flammable Gases (yellow)Hydrogen

Acetylene

Liquid Gas

Air in Ventilation Systems (white)Discharge Air

Cold Mechanical Supply Air

Natural Exhaust

Atmospheric Air

Mechanical Exhaust Air

Decontaminated Supply Air

Mechanical Recirculated Air

Warm Mechanical Supply Air

Smoke Clearance

Conditioned Supply Air

Natural Supply Air

Fire Fighting/Fire Protection (red)Fire-Fighting Water

Fire-Fighting Gas

Sprinkler Water

Spray Water

Fire-Fighting Powder

Fire-Fighting Foam

Fuel (brown)Heavy Fuel (HFO)

Aviation Fuel

Biological Fuel

Gas-Turbine Fuel

Diesel Fuel (MDO)

Air & Sounding Pipes (maroon)Waste Media

Fresh Water

Fuel

Sea Water

Non-Flammable Gases

Oil other than fuels

Steam

Fire Fighting

Acids, Alkalis

Ventilation System

Flammable Gases

Waste Media (black)Black Water

Waste Oil/Used Oil

Bilge Water

Exhaust

Grey Water

Sewage, contaminated

Main Colors: for group of similar substance • applied as an adhesive tape or sign• painted on to the pipeline in transverse stripes• painted on the pipeline on the total length• width is wider than the additional color marking

Additional Colors: for specifi c substance• should be surrounded by the main color• width needs to be less than the main color marking widthAdditional color markings may be added adjacent to a main color marking on a pipe, when necessary, to distinguish between pipes marked with the same main color listed, but carrying different types of medium.Example: a pipe carrying diesel fuel oil and a pipe carrying heavy fuel oil.

MARKING OF PIPES• pipes with more than 200 mm outer diameter, label makes

up about half the circumference of the pipe • pipes with 200 mm outer diameter or less, label makes up

the entire circumference of the pipe• label bundled pipes individually• arrows pointing in direction of fl ow• pipes with fl ow in opposite directions at different times may

be marked with arrows pointing in opposite directions• additional text to signify unambiguously the content and/or

function of the pipe• color stripes need to be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe

ISO/DIS 14726 SEA VESSEL & MARINE PIPE MARKING GUIDEIdentifi cation of Colors for the Content of the Piping Systems according to ISO/DIS 14726.

Acids, Alkalis (violet)

MARKER LOCATIONPipe markers shall be placed:

• at each penetration point in bulkheads, walls & decks• every 3-5 meters of pipe length unless more frequent making is

needed due to pipe bends or proximity to other pipe sources.• around the entire circumference of the pipe for 200 mm

diameter pipes (adhered at their ends by overtaping)• once in each room• close to each valve

This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.

© 2011 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


ABBR. SERVICE TYPE PIPE LABEL VALVE TAG BAND COLOR BACKGROUND AND LETTERING COLORS

CHWR Chilled Water Return CHWR (BLDG.)-CHV-##BLUE GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING

CHWS Chilled Water Supply CHWS (BLDG.)-CHV-##CWR Condenser Water Return CWR (BLDG.)-CWV-##

GREEN GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGCWS Condenser Water Supply CWS (BLDG.)-CWV-##CWGLR Chilled Water Glycol Return CWGLR (BLDG.)-CGLV-##

GOLD GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGCWGLS Chilled Water Glycol Supply CWGLS (BLDG.)-CGLV-##HWGLR Hot Water Glycol Return HWGLR (BLDG.)-HGLV-##HWGLS Hot Water Glycol Supply HWGLS (BLDG.)-HGLV-##CTYW City Water CITY WATER (BLDG.)-CTWV-##

LIGHT BLUE GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGDCWR Domestic Cold Water Return DCWR (BLDG.)-DCV-##DCWS Domestic Cold Water Supply DCWS (BLDG.)-DCV-##DHWR Domestic Hot Water Return DHWR (BLDG.)-DHV-##DHWS Domestic Hot Water Supply DHWS (BLDG.)-DHV-##DRAIN Drains* DRAIN (BLDG.)-DRAIN-## BROWN REFER TO ANSI/ASME STANDARDSDTR Dual Temp Return DTR (BLDG.)-DTV-##

BLACK GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGDTS Dual Temp Supply DTS (BLDG.)-DTV-##FO Fuel Oil FO (BLDG.)-FOV-## WHITE YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERINGHPR Heat Pump Return HPR (BLDG.)-HPV-##

TEAL GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGHPS Heat Pump Supply HPS (BLDG.)-HPV-##LTHWR Low-Temp Hot Water Return LTHWR (BLDG.)-HWV-##

YELLOW GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGLTHWS Low-Temp Hot Water Supply LTHWS (BLDG.)-HWV-##MTHWR Medium-Temp Hot Water Return MTHWR (BLDG.)-MTV-##

ORANGE GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGMTHWS Medium-Temp Hot Water Supply MTHWS (BLDG.)-MTV-##HTHWR High-Temp Hot Water Return HTHWR (BLDG.)-HTV-##

RED GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGHTHWS High-Temp Hot Water Supply HTHWS (BLDG.)-HTV-##STM Steam STEAM (BLDG.)-STV-##

PINK YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERINGCOND Condensate COND (BLDG.)-CNDV-##NG Natural Gas GAS (BLDG.)-GASV-## GRAY YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERINGCA Compressed Air COMP AIR (BLDG.)-CAV-##

PURPLE BLUE BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGVAC Vacuum VACUUM (BLDG.)-VACV-##

NOTE: Valve Tags need to comply with ANSI standards. Pipe Labels should be near valve to identify pipe content.*There are no standards for Drains. Follow ANSI Standards for background and letter colors; abbreviations may vary by facility.


• to indicate direction of fl ow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label• to be visible from the point of normal approach • near valves, fl anges & changes in pipe direction • both sides of ceiling, wall or fl oor penetrations • at any line entry or re-entry point• on straight pipe runs in intervals suffi cient for identifi cation• every 25 ft to 50 ft is typical*• Ammonia Only: minimum of 1 per area through which the refrigeration piping passes *Every 40 feet for Ammonia pipe marking

RIGHT: Orientation

of labels

RIGHT: Label placement in

relation to point of normal approach


COMMERCIAL BUILDING PIPE MARKING GUIDEThe following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identifi cation of Pipes. A copy of ANSI/ASME A13.1-2007 Standards is needed.

The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides a suggested standard used to label pipes with additional

information. This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.© 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.





.75" - 1.25"

1.5" - 2"

2.5" - 6"

8" - 10"

Over 10"

(19 - 32 mm)

(38 - 51 mm)

(64 - 152 mm)

(203 - 254 mm)

(Over 254 mm)

8"

8"

12"

24"

32"

(203 mm)

(203 mm)

(305 mm)

(610 mm)

(813 mm)

.5"

.75"

1.25"

2.5"

3.5"

(13 mm)

(19 mm)

(32 mm)

(64 mm)

(89 mm)


Orientation of labels

WATER TREATMENT PIPE MARKING GUIDESuggested standards for wastewater and water treatment facilities.


PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART* Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter




.75" - 1.25"

1.5" - 2"

2.5" - 6"

8" - 10"

Over 10"

(19 - 32 mm)

(38 - 51 mm)

(64 - 152 mm)

(203 - 254 mm)

(Over 254 mm)

8"

8"

12"

24"

32"

(203 mm)

(203 mm)

(305 mm)

(610 mm)

(813 mm)

.5"

.75"

1.25"

2.5"

3.5"

(13 mm)

(19 mm)

(32 mm)

(64 mm)

(89 mm)

LEFT: Orientation of labels

LEFT: Label placement in relation to point of normal approach

*Pipe Marker location and size chart are based on ANSI/ASME standards. This guide is for general information purpos-

es only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.© 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


• to indicate direction of fl ow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label

• to be visible from the point of normal approach • near valves, fl anges & changes in pipe direction • both sides of ceiling, wall or fl oor penetrations • at any line entry or re-entry point• on straight pipe runs• every 25 ft to 50 ft

WATER TREATMENT PLANT COLOR CODING

TYPE OF PIPE/USE OF PIPE COLOR OF PIPE

Water LinesRaw Water Olive Green

Settled or clarifi ed water Aqua

Finished or potable water Dark Blue

Chemical LinesAlum or primary coagulant Orange

Ammonia White

Carbon Slurry Black

Caustic Yellow w/ green band

Chlorine gas or solution Yellow

Fluoride Light Blue w/ red band

Lime Slurry Light Green

Ozone Yellow w/ orange band

Phosphate compounds Light Green w/ red band

Polymers or coagulant aids Orange w/ green band

Potassium Permanganate Violet

Soda Ash Light Green w/ orange band

Sulfuric Acid Yellow w/ red band

Sulfur Dioxide Light Green w/ yellow band

Waste LinesBackwash Waste Light Brown

Sludge Dark Brown

Sewer (sanitary or other) Dark Gray

Other LinesCompressed Air Dark Green

Gas Red

Other Pipes Light Gray

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT COLOR CODING

TYPE OF PIPE/USE OF PIPE COLOR OF PIPE

Sludge LinesRaw Sludge Brown w/ black band

Sludge recirculation or suction Brown w/ yellow band

Sludge draw off Brown w/ orange band

Sludge recirculation discharge Brown

Gas LinesSludge Gas Orange (or red)

Natural Gas Orange (or red) w/ black band

Water LinesNonpotable Water Blue w/ black band

Potable Water Blue

Water for heating digestors Blue w/ 6" red band (150 mm) or buildings space 30" apart (760 mm)

Other LinesChlorine Yellow

Sulfur Dioxide Yellow w/ red band

Sewage (wastewater) Gray

Compressed Air Green

11/12

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