Line size of pipe based on Economic Velocity

For under pressurized non-compresive fluid

Table For economic velocity with respect to fluid density

Parameters Units Density Range

Density 1600 800 160 16 1.6Eco. Velocity m/s 1.5 to 2.5 2.0 to 3.0 3.0 to 5.0 6.0 to 10.0 12.0 to 18.0

Rule of Thumb:1.) Flow under gravity - 0.3 to 0.4 m/s

Recommended is 0.3m/s

2.) Pump Suction velocity range is - 0.3 to 0.5m/s

Formula:

Where:

InputQ = 4.375

Ev = 50 Economic Velocity in "m/s" 15750

Output d = 0.3338 Inside diameter of pipe in "m"

For Steam piping (Branch)

Eco. Velocity Range (Steam)

Steam Condition Velocity (m/s) Note

Wet Exhaust Steam 15 - 25

Dry Saturated Steam 25 - 35

Super Heated Steam 35 - 45

Formula:

Kg/m3

Change Unit from m3/hr to m3/sFlow Rate in "m3/s" m3/hr

Than the pressure Drop

is 0.2bar/100m

Where:

Input

W = 200 Steam Flow Rate in "Kg/hr"Ev = 20 Economic Velocity in "m/s"

Sp. Vol = 0.21

Output d = 27.25 Pipe ID in "mm"

Specific volume of steam in "m3/Kg"

Line size of pipe based on Economic Velocity

Table For economic velocity with respect to fluid density

Density Range

0.1624.0 to 36.0

4.375

Change Unit from m3/hr to m3/sm3/s

GRP Pipe Sizing

Recommented Maximum Velocity of fluid for GRP pipe

For Clean Fluid

Formula:

Where:

Input ρ = 67.05

Output V = 11.98 Fluid Velocity in "ft/s"

Reference

1.)

2.) Typicat GRP piping system work on velocity of 3~12 ft/s

3.) Convert Density from

1074 to 67.05

4.) Convert Velocity from

ft/s 11.98 to 3.65 m/s

For Corrosive or Erosive Fluid

Formula:

Where:

Input ρ = 67.05

Output V = 5.99 Fluid Velocity in "ft/s"

Fluid Density in "lb/ft3"

Density of water = 62.48 lb/ft3 = 1000 Kg/m3 at 4 0C.

Kg/m3 lb/ft3

Fluid Density in "lb/ft3"

Recommented Minimum Pipe Diameter for GRP pipe

For Clean Fluid

Formula:

Where:

Input

ρ = 67.05

Q = 638.42 Flow Rate in "gal/min (gpm)" Conert m3/hr 145

Sg = 1.07 Fluid Specific Gravity Refer Table: 01

Output d = 4.45 Pipe inside Dia in "inch"

Table: 01

Typical Liquid Properties

Type of Liquid

10% Salt Water 1.07 1.4

Brine, 25% NaCl 1.19 2.2

1.23 2.45

0.87 13

Average Fuel Oils 0.93 8.9

Kerosene 0.83 1.82

Auto Gasoline 0.72 1.2

Aviation gasoline 0.7 0.46

50% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 1.53 95

Mil 5624 Jet Fuels

JP3 0.75 0.79

JP5 0.84 2.14

JP8 0.8 1.4

Fluid Density in "lb/ft3"

Specific Gravity Sg at 60 0F Viscosity at 60 0F (centipose)

Brine, 25% CaCl2

300 API Crude Oil

60% Sulfuric Acid 1.5 6.4

98% Sulfuric Acid 1.83 24.5

85% Phosphoric Acid 1.69 12

37.5% Hydrochloric Acid 1.46 1.94

For Corrosive or Erosive Fluid

Formula:

Acids at 68 0F

GRP Pipe Sizing

to GPM 638.4159

Typical Liquid Properties

density Kg/m31.4 10742.2

2.45

13

8.9

1.82

1.2

0.46

95

Mil 5624 Jet Fuels

0.79

2.14

1.4

Viscosity at 60 0F (centipose)

6.4

24.5

12

1.94

Pressure Drop Calculation using Darcy-Fanny Formula

Step: 01

Find Reynoids No. (Re) using below formula

Formula:

Where:

Input

d = 0.2032 Pipe Inside Diameter in "meter"

u = 1.24 Fluid velocity in "m/s"

ρ = 1074

μ = 0.0014 Convert Centipoise

Output Re = 193295.451 Reynolds No.

if

Re < 2000 Flow is Laminar2000 < Re < 10000 Flow is in Transition

Re > 10000 Flow is in Turbulent

Step: 02

Find Relative Roughness

Formula:

Relative Roughness = ε/dWhere:

Inputd = 203.2 Pipe ID in "mm"

ε = 0.045 Pipe FactorOutput Rr = 0.00022146

εGlass Pipe 0.0015

Drawn Brass Pipe 0.0015

Copper Pipe 0.0015

CS Pipe 0.0450

Wrought Iron 0.0450

Fluid Density in "Kg/m3"

Fluid Viscocity in "N-s/m2"

Galvanized Iron 0.1500

Cast Iron Pipe 0.2600

Concrete Pipe 0.18 -0.6000

PVC - other Plastics 0.1200

GRP Pipe 0.0053

Step: 03

Find Moody fiction factor from chart with respect to Re & Relative Roughness

Fm = 0.017

Step: 04

Find pressure drop using Darcy Fanny formula

Formula:

Where:

Input

Fm = 0.017 Moody fiction Factor from chart

u = 1.24 Fluid Velocity in "m/s"

L = 98 Length of pipe in "meters"

d = 0.2032 Inside dia of pipe in "meters"

g = 9.81

Output DP = 0.64 Pressure Drop in "mlc"

Step: 05

Formula:

P = h X ρ X g

Where:

Input

h = 0.64 Pressure in "mlc"ρ = 1074

g = 9.81

Output P = 6743.0016

Accelaration due to gravity in "m/s2"

Convert Pressure Drop from "mlc" in to "Kg/cm2"

Fluid density in "Kg/m3"Accelaration due to gravity in "m/s2"

Pressure in "Kg/m2"

0.67430016 Pressure in "Kg/cm2"

1.4 0.0014

1 centipoise = 0.001 N-s/m2

N-s/m2

Line Size of GAS

Step: 01

Find density of gas on given pressure & temperature

Formula:

ρ =

Where:

Input P = 7 Pressure in "bar"

Output 8.013 Pressure in "bar Abs"

Input

29 Molecular weight of gas 29 for Air, R = 0.083126 Constant

T = 40

Output 313

Output ρ = 8.93

Step: 02

Find economic velocity of gas by using below formula

Formula:

Ev =

For 1<=ρ<16 For ρ>=16 For ρ<1K = 20, n = 1/3 K = 25, n = 1/3 K = 12, n = 1/2

InputK = 20

n = 0.33

ρ = 8.93

Output Ev = 9.64 Economic Velocity in "m/s"

Step: 03

Find Actual Discharge

Where:

Input

90

(P X Mw)/(R X T)

Mw =

In 0C

In 0K

Density of Gas in "Kg/m3"

K/(ρn)

Density of Gas in "Kg/m3"

VN = Discharge of Gas in "m3/hr"

Input 8.013 Pressure in "bar Abs"

313

1.013

273

Actual Discharge = 13.04483

0.0036

Step: 03

Find Id of pipe

Formula:

Actual Discharge = 0.0036

Ev = 9.64 Economic Velocity in "m/s"

ID of Pipe = 0.021806 in "meters"21.8 in "mm"

Pact =

Tact = In 0K

PN =

PT =

in "m3/hr"

in "m3/s"

in "m3/s"