PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM ( PNID) GP206

PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM ( PNID)GP206

Leong Kok Seng

1Chapter 1Symbols in Pipe Flow Diagram

Introduction to P&IDWhat is PNID?>> Piping and Instrumentation DiagramOne of the basic plant drawings largely used in oil refining and other process industries.

The term piping means not only pipe but fitting, valves, flanges, and other items which form part of the overall piping system.

Instrumentation is shown by symbols on the flow diagram and piping drawing.

A circle or oval figures is used to explain the instrumentation type, function and identifying number.

The circle is commonly called Balloon or bubble

FIC

205Instrument LocationTag NumberInstrument Type (Tag Prefix)Calculate how many instrument symbol consist in Process and Instrument Diagram below?

Answer : 19PNID most important document frequently used by :Process operators to familiarize themselves with : flow schemes process/utility interlock system control loop identification equipment list check blinding point locations to locate process instrument.

P&ID is complex due to the frequent advancement of electronics, process computers and instruments which is adapted in the process industries.

In order to utilize P&ID effectively by operations personnel it is imperative for the operators to continuously update their knowledge in process instruments based on the modern trend in plant process design.OBJECTIVE: At the end of the session the students will be able to:-Naming and identify the symbols of instrument.

Draw and select the right instrument symbols.

Explain the function of the instrument symbols.

Symbols in Pipe Flow DiagramDivide into 5 symbols categories:

Line IndicatorColor codeInstrument LetterValveEquipmentEquipment Categories : SeparatorsStorage VesselProcess Pressure VesselMaterial handling equipmentDryersProcessing equipmentSize reducing equipmentFurnace and boilersHeat transferPump and compressorDrivers

Separators : Device for the separation process of solid/liquid/gas particles into several fractions.

SymbolNameFunctionCentrifugeParticles are separated from a fluid by gravitational forces acting on the particles.

The particles were solid,gas,liquid and the fluid was a liquid or a gas Drum SettlerTo remove the particles from liquid stream so that the fluid is free of particles contaminants.Cyclone

Settling device in which the outward force on the particles at high tangential velocities is many times the force gravity. For separation of small solid particles or mist from gases.The gas-solid particle mixture enter the cyclone and enter in a rotating motion.Gas and solid will separate because of the forces.

1. Separators :SymbolNameFunctionOpen Settling TankTo remove the particles from liquid stream so that the fluid is free of particles contaminants.

Sedimentation Electrical PrecipitatorTo separate solid/liquid mixture

sedimentation

2. Storage Vessel : ______?

SymbolNameFunctionAtmospheric tank (cone roof)An atmospheric tank is a container for holding a liquid at atmospheric pressure.Cone bottom bin(bulk storage)

-To gain storage and ease of unloading.

-Used for liquid, solid, slurry and silo

is a container, usually for holding liquids, sometimes for compressed gasesSymbolNameFunctionFloating roof tank-a storage tank commonly used to store large quantities of petroleum products such as crude oil or condensate.-roof will floats on the surface of the stored liquid.-roof rises and falls with the liquid level in the tank.-eliminates breathing losses and greatly reduces the evaporative loss of the stored.

SymbolNameFunctionOpen top bulk storage (non-pressure)Use for collection systems, temporary liquidstorageor as secondary containment for vertical tanks in indoor or outdoor installations.

Pressure storage(sphere or spheroid)Apressure vesselis a closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at apressuresubstantially different from the ambientpressure.

SymbolNameFunctionClose top bulk storage (non-pressure)Use for collection systems, temporary liquidstorageor as secondary containment for vertical tanks in indoor or outdoor installations.

3. Process Pressure Vessel : Symbols NameFunctionHorizontal Drums-as a storage vessel-handling the material with pressureJacketed vessel (partial)-as a storage vessel-handling the material with high pressure

Vertical Drums-as a storage vessel-handling the material with pressure

Packeted plate section columns (tower)-consist of multi-stage trays in vessel -process in vessel*adsorption,distillation (separate multi components)To store the material with pressure and at the same time, other process occur in the vessel, example distillation, separation 4. Material Handling Equipment :SymbolNameFunctionFeeder & Hopper-as temporary storage-to transport material from one unit to another-the material in slurry, liquid, silo, solid (small particles)Screener-to filter the material according to the screener size -separation processRotary feeder-to discharge and isolate the materialUsed to packaging according to the volume and weight.Material in powder, crystals, or pellet, granulesAn equipment use to handle/transfer the material from other componentSymbolsNameFunctionmixer-to mix two or more difference component until it reach homogenous stateSettlerUse to separate the material from unwanted materialThe unwanted material will precipitate at the bottom of setler