pirobiT vadamde gasaTavisuflebeli msjavrdebulebisTvis risk ... · socialuri kriminalurobis Teoria,...

pirobiT vadamdegasaTavisuflebeli

msjavrdebulebisTvisrisk-faqtorebis Sefasebiskriminologiuri analizi

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moris SalikaSvili

hamburgis (germania) universitetis samarTlis doqtori,

Tsu-s iuridiuli fakultetis asocirebuli profesori

daviT CixlaZe

berlinis (germania) humboltdis universitetis iuridiuli

fakultetis magistri da amave universitetis doqtoranti

pirobiT vadamde gasaTavisuflebeli

msjavrdebulebisTvis

risk-faqtorebis Sefasebis

kriminologiuri analizi

Tbilisi/berlini 2013

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Sesavali

adamianis qcevis zusti prognozireba winaswar war-

moudgenelia da aranairi mecnieruli meTodiT aris Se-

saZlebeli. SesaZlebelia mxolod im albaTobis xarisxis

Sefaseba, Caidens Tu ara konkretuli damnaSave sxva sisx-

lissamarTlebriv qmedebas.

Aadamianis samomavlo qmedebebis prognozireba krimi-

nologiis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sagania. damnaSavis

aqamde cnobili biografiisa da misive kriminaluri karie-

ris safuZvelze SeiZleba Sefasdes, Tu rogor moiqceva

igi momavalSi, gansakuTrebiT ki is garemoeba, kvlav Cai-

dens Tu ara igi sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls.

danaSaulis xelmeored Camdeni damnaSave - recidivisti

- saxelmwifo mxridan gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis qveS

imyofeba, radgan danaSaulebis yvelaze didi nawili swo-

red am adamianTa jgufze modis. amave dros, maT mier Cade-

nil danaSaulTa mxolod nawili xdeba cnobili. recidivs

sisxlissamarTlebrivi kanoni da praqtika sanqciis etap-

ze, sasjelis dadgenis dros iRebs mxedvelobaSi da sasje-

li Sesabamisad mZimdeba. amgvari strategiiT naTeli xde-

ba kriminaluri politikis mizani – efeqturad ebrZolos

danaSaulis recidivs da damnaSaveebs. sainteresoa is fa-

qtic, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis damZi-

meba xdeba im dros, roca damnaSaves kriminaluri karieris

mwvervali gadalaxuli aqvs. swored amitom, kriminaluri

politikis recidivTan brZolis am meTodiT ver xerxdeba

damnaSavis kriminaluri karieris Sewyveta an damnaSavis

mier Semdgomi danaSaulebis Tavidan acileba. danaSaulis

grZelvadiani prevencia am dros naklebad miiRweva.

pirveli Tavi

kriminaluri prognozis ganviTarebis istoriuli

mimoxilva da saxeebi

1923 wels S.B. Warner-isa da misi kritikosis Hornell Hart-is

namuSevrebiT kriminologiaSi axali kvleviTi mimarTule-

ba - prognozis kvleva - daiwyo. es sawyis etapze mxolod

konkretul SemTxvevaSi qcevis kriminaluri prognoziT

Semoifargleboda. prognozis kvlevis ganviTareba isto-

riulma konteqstma ganapiroba.

20-iani wlebis amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi sasjelis

saxiT ganusazRvreli vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas didi

roli hqonda. sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebas ki damna-

Savis pirobiTad gaTavisufleba SeeZlo. am gadawyvetile-

bis miRebisTvis saWiro iyo imis prognozi, piri momavalSi

danaSauls Caidenda Tu gaTavisuflebis pirobas daicavda.

kriminaluri prognozis kvlevisas, ZiriTadad, mraval-

epizodian kvlevebs iyenebdnen (e.w. Follow-up studies). pati-

marTa jgufis socialur da fsiqikur Tvisebebs adgendnen

(ojaxuri urTierTobebi, nasamarTloba, samuSao unarebi,

inteleqti) da maT sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebidan

gaTavisuflebis Semdeg akvirdebodnen. aseTi dakvirvebis

safuZvelze mecnierebi cdaSi monawile pirebs jgufebad

yofdnen - ararecidivistebad da recidivistebad. Sedegad

ki am jgufebis socialur da fsiqikur gansxvavebebs ad-

gendnen. Tvisebebi, romlebic ararecidivist jgufs xSir

SemTxvevaSi axasiaTebda, xelsayrel faqtorebad miiCnies

da e.w. prognozis cxrilSi Seitanes. araxelsayreli fa-

qtorebis procentuli daangariSebis safuZvelze piris

saSiSroeba da recidivis albaToba ganisazRvreboda.

4 5

prognozis cxrilebi praqtikos iuristebs gadawyveti-

lebis miRebis dros unda daxmareboda. amave dros arse-

bobda survili, rom iseTi gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic

aqamde mxolod emociuri aRqmis saSualebiT miiReboda,

obieqtur mecnierul monacemebs dafuZnebuliyo. am kv-

levebis amosavali wertili is iyo, rom imas, rac warsulSi

kriminalurobis, danaSaulis gamomwvevi faqtori iyo, mo-

mavalSic igive efeqti eqneboda.

30-ian wlebSi kriminaluri prognozis sxvadasxva cxri-

lebi Seiqmna. maTi umravlesoba konkretuli SemTxvevebis

analizs eyrdnoboda. am Teoriebis kritikis ZiriTad da

mTavar mizezs is warmoadgenda, rom SesaZlebeli iyo, dam-

naSavis TviTdinamikis winaswar gansazRvra kvlevis Sems-

ruleblis winaswarmetyvelebaSi gadaizardos.

1.1. ramodenime faqtoris Sexeduleba - glukebis kv-

leva

iuristma Seldon glukma da pedagogma eleanor glukma

Camoayalibes e.w. ramodenime faqtoris Sexeduleba (Mehr-faktorenansatz), romelic xangrZlivi periodis empiriul kv-

levazea dafuZnebuli. Seldon da eleanor glukebis kv-

leva kriminologiuri prognozis erT-erT mniSvnelovan

mecnierul Sromas warmoadgens. kvlevis es meTodi dam-

naSaveobis axsnisas ara romelime konkretul Teoriaze

izRudeba, aramed sxvadasxva aspeqtebs aerTianebs da maT

mTlianobaSi aRwers. es aspeqtebi SeiZleba iyos pirov-

nuli Tvisebebi, socializaciis zegavlena, swavlis pro-

cesi, agreTve socialur-struqturuli kriteriumebi,

stigmatizaciis gavlena da a.S.; gansxvavebebi vlindeba am

sferoebis erTmaneTTan kavSirSi, maTi damaxasiaTebeli

faqtorebis (risk-faqtorebis) gamovlenaSi konkretiza-

ciisa da Sedarebis gziT.

glukis mier Catarebuli kvlevis mizani axalgazrdebis

kriminalurobis mizezebis dadgena („Unraveling Junvenile De-liquency“) iyo.

cdis subieqts 2 jgufi warmoadgenda: 11-idan 17 wlamde

asakis 500 axalgazrda mamakaci, romlebic danaSaulis xe-

lmeored Cadenis gamo gamasworebel dawesebulebaSi imy-

ofebodnen da 500 axalgazrda, aseve qalaq bostonidan, ro-

melTac kvlevis periodSi ar gaaCndaT kriminaluri warsu-

li. glukebma e.w. „matched pairs“ meTodi gamoiyenes, rac imas

gulisxmobs, rom kriminaluri warsulis mqone TiToeuli

axalgazrdisTvis arakriminaluri warsulis mqone axal-

gazrda moiZebna, romelsac sacxovrebeli adgilis, asakis,

ganaTlebis, eTnikuri warmomavlobis mixedviT msgavsi mo-

nacemebi gaaCnda. interdisciplinurad dakompleqtebul-

ma gundma axalgazrdebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva informaciebi

gamoikvlia - skolis niSnebidan dawyebuli, fizikuri aRna-

gobis CaTvliT. kvlevis Sejamebisas glukebma is faqtore-

bi daadgines, romlebiTac kriminaluri da arakriminalu-

ri axalgazrdebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebodnen. meore

etapze ki prognozis sqema (Prognosetafel) Seqmnes, romelic

kriminalad Camoyalibebis SesaZlo mizezebs Seicavda.

pirvel mravalepizodian kvlevaSi dakvirveba 15 wlis

ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda. mas Semdeg masaCusetsis Sta-

tis 18-dan 30 wlamde asakis patimrebisTvis gankuTvnili

sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebebidan 1921-1922 wleb-

Si patimrebi gaaTavisufles. am axalgazrda damnaSaveebis

85%-s manamde sxva danaSaulic hqonda Cadenili. gaTavi-

suflebidan pirveli xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi damnaSavee-

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bis 21,5%-s xelmeored danaSauli ar Caudenia. es maCvene-

beli Semdegi 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi 32%-mde gaizarda. ase-

Ti mzardi statistika col-qmarma cdaSi monawile pirTa

Camoyalibebis procesiT da asakis matebiT daasabuTa.

15-wliani dakvirvebis Semdeg mecnierebma daadgines, rom

cdis monawileebis 32%-ma mZime danaSauli Caidina, 29%-

ma ki - naklebad mZime danaSauli. 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi mx-

olod yofili patimrebis 33,5%-ma moaxerxa sruli reso-

cializacia. cdis monawileTa 5%-s dakvirvebis 10 wlis

ganmavlobaSi danaSauli ar Caudenia, magram cdis mesame

fazaSi gaxda recidivisti.

mecnierebma meore kvlevac Caatares, romlis dro-

sac isini, daaxloebiT, 1000 axalgazrdas akvirdebodnen.

axalgazrdebi maT mier Cadenili danaSaulebis saqmeeb-

ze uflebamosilma bostonis sasamarTlom gaasamarTla

da valdebulni iyvnen, fsiqologiuri da fsiqiatriuli

dakvirveba da Sesabamisi kursebi gaevloT. glukebma xe-

lmeored daadgines, rom damnaSaveTa 15%-s pirveli 5 wlis

ganmavlobaSi axali danaSauli ar Caudenia. dakvirvebis

meore 5-wlian fazaSi ki es raodenoba 27%-mde gaizarda.

Semcirda mZime danaSaulebis kvota - is pirvel fazaSi

77%-s Seadgenda, xolo meore fazaSi 57% gaxda. 15 wlis

Semdeg kvlevis monawileTa mesamedi, maSin roca isini,

daaxloebiT, 29 wlis asakis iyvnen, sazogadoebaSi srulad

integrirda. damnaSaveobis kleba axalgazrda patimarTa

asakobriv zrdas daukavSires.

orive mravalepizodiani kvlevis Sedegad Seiqmna prog-

nozis cxrilebi, romlebic Semdeg faqtorebs Seicavda:

samuSao unarebi; ekonomikuri pasuxismgebloba; asaki

pirveli danaSaulis Cadenis dros; nasamarTloba; su-

lieri avadmyofoba da a.S.

mesame mravalepizodiani kvlevis dros mecnierebi sas-

jelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebidan gaTavisuflebul,

kriminaluri warsulis mqone 500 qals akvirdebodnen. 5

wlis ganmavlobaSi am qalebis 76%-ma kvlav Caidina dana-

Sauli. mecnierebi danaSaulSi yovel axal gasamarTlebas

gulisxmobdnen.

erT-erTi msgavsi tipis axali kvleva West-ma Caatara.

mas mohyavs kriminalurobis ganviTarebis albaTobis gan-

sakuTrebuli xarisxiT msgavsi risk-faqtorebi, kerZod:

ojaxis dabali Semosavali; mravalsuliani ojaxi; arasak-

marisi aRzrda mSoblebis mier (mag. arasakmarisi meTvaly-

ureoba an monacvleobiTi aRzrdis stili); bavSvis dabali

inteleqti; agreTve erT-erTi mSoblis nasamarTloba.

kriminalurad aqtiur da araaqtiur axalgazrda-

Ta gansxvavebebs daeyrdno germaneli mecnierebis Stelly/Thomas-is 2001 wlis kvleva. Sedegad dadginda sami faqto-

ri, romlebic axalgazrdaTa jgufs ganasxvavebda. ese-

nia: ojaxTan emociuri kavSiri, mSoblebis mier aRzrdis

stili da „Monitoring“ anu kontroli, romelic mSoblebis

mier bavSvebis meTvalyureobas, dakvirvebas moiTxovs.

kritikulad fasdeba Semdegi konstelaciebi: „mSoblebi

ar zrunaven bavSvebis dRis ganrigze, maT mier movaleo-

bebis Sesrulebaze, maT urTierTobaze TanatolebTan.

mSoblebma zustad ar ician, sad imyofeba bavSvi saRamos.

es ukanaskneli ki swrafad aviTarebs unars, kontrols

gaeqces da mSoblebi da socialuri kontrolis sxva insti-

tutebi moatyuos“.

mravali faqtoris Teorias monacemTa Segrovebis

meTodis gamo akritikeben. kerZod, arsebobs saSiSroeba,

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rom iseTi monacemebi, romlebic kvlevasTan kavSirSi ar

aris, masSi mainc Sevides da mecnierulad Sefasdes, rasac

kvlevis Sedegebis gadafasebamde mivyavarT. gansakuTre-

biT problemuria e.w. wonadi qulebis sistemiT kriminal-

urobis potenciuri faqtorebis Sefaseba da maTi identi-

ficireba, rogorc damnaSaveobis mizezi. mravali faqto-

ris meTodis empiriuli xasiaTi da mecnieruli Teoriebis

nakleboba am meTodis gamoyenebisgan TavSekavebis mizezi

xdeba. xSirad aRniSnaven, rom igi danaSaulis mizezebs

sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa mizez-efeqtTa ubralo

meqanizmamde amcirebs. mxolod faqtorebis CamoTvla da

gamovlineba sakmarisi ar aris, aramed saWiroa maTi urT-

ierTkavSiri. amave dros sakmaod didia saSiSroeba, kv-

levaSi gamoyenebuli iyos iseTi monacemebi, romlebic

saWiro ar aris da umniSvneloa. miuxedavad amisa, mravali

faqtoris meTodma damnaSaveobis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani

empiriuli codna Seqmna. swored amitom SeiZleba, igi gan-

vixiloT, rogorc wina safexuri axali kriminologiuri

Teoriebis ganviTarebisTvis.

1.2. danaSaulis generaluri Teoria – General Theory of Crime

mravali faqtoris Teoriis garda, kriminologiaSi

arsebobs sxvadasxva Teoriebi, romlebic damnaSaveobis

mizezebs ikvlevs. erT-erTi maTgania multifaqtoruli

kriminalurobis Teoria, romelic kriminalurobis sxva-

dasxva Teoriebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs. agreTve, bio-

socialuri kriminalurobis Teoria, romlis mixedviTac

damnaSaveobis dawyebis generaluri mizezebi ar arsebobs,

SesaZlebelia mxolod kriminaluri qcevis mizezebis axs-

na danaSaulis mixedviT. mag. sqesobrivi danaSaulebisa da

Zaladobrivi danaSaulebis mizezebi.

Hermann-is (2003-2008) ganmartebiT, kriminaluri qce-

va RirebulebaTa araswori orientirebis Sedegia (e.w.

RirebulebaTa Teoria). man Tavisi hipoTeza empiriulad

Semdegnairad axsna: „rac ufro metia materialisturi

Rirebulebebisken midrekileba (finansuri interesebi),

miT ufro naklebia samarTlis normasTan Tanxmoba da rac

ufro Zlieria qristianul-religiuri aRzrda, miT ufro

metia normasTan Sesabamisoba.Aaqedan gamomdinare, damnaSa-

veobis pirvelad prevenciad qristianul-religiur Rire-

bulebebze orientirebuli aRzrda ganixileba.

Quensel 1970 wlis samecniero naSromSi „rogor yalib-

debian kriminalurebad?“1 agebs kriminaluri karieris

models, romlis Tanaxmadac, kriminaluri ganviTareba

Sedegia axalgazrdisa da misi socialuri garemos inter-

aqciuli procesisa saxelmwifos sanqciis sistemis zegav-

lenasTan erTad.

avtobiografiuli Teoriis warmomadgenlebi2 („Life Course Theories“) Semdeg sakiTxebs ikvleven:

- ratom iwyeben adamianebi danaSaulis Cadenas? (dasawy-

isi);

- ratom agrZeleben isini deliqtebis ganxorcielebas?

(danaSaulis xelmeored Cadena)

- ratom xSirdeba maT mier danaSaulis Cadena da is Tan-

daTan ufro ratom mZimdeba? (kriminalurobis zrda);

- ratom aRar Cadian danaSauls? (danaSaulze xelis aRe-

ba).

am Teoriis warmomadgenlebisTvisac kriminaluri pi-

1 Quensel, in KritJ 1970, 375 ff2 Schneider, Kriminalistik 1997, 360ff; Jura 1996, 399

10 11

rovneba Sedegia misi interaqciisa socialur garemosTan.

avtobiografiuli Teoriebi sxvadasxva asakobriv etapeb-

ze sxvadasxva mniSvnelobebs iZens. damnaSaveobis ganviTa-

rebaze sxvadasxva faqtorebi axdens zegavlenas, maT So-

ris gansakuTrebulia saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi,

partniorebi da sisxlissamarTlebrivi kontrolis insti-

tutebi. amave dros, SeiZleba, biografiaSi gardatexis mo-

mentebic gamovlindes (turning points), romlebic kriminalu-

robis Sewyvetas Seuwyobs xels (mag. damnaSavis qorwineba

arakriminaluri warsulis mqone pirTan).

1.3. kohortuli kvlevebi

am cnebis qveS igulisxmeba kvlevebi adamianTa jgufebisa,

romlebic gansazRvruli drois ganmavlobaSi erTi da imave

procesis pirobebSi imyofebodnen. rogorc wesi, saubaria

e.w. dabadebis kohortul kvlevebze, anu erTi asakobrivi

jgufis adamianebi, erTi da igive Taobebi. Sesabamisad, kv-

levis obieqtia erTi Taobis kriminaluri ganviTareba xan-

grZlivi dakvirvebis procesis paralelurad.

kriminologiaSi klasikad miCneuli, am tipis yvelaze

cnobili kvleva 1964 wlidan filadelfiaSi Caatares Mar-vin Wolfgang-ma, Figlio-m da Sellin-ma („Philadelphia Birth Cohort-Stu-dy“).

mecnierebma saskolo da policiis aqtebis saSualebiT

gamoikvlies 1945 wels dabadebuli 9945 arasrulwlova-

ni mamakacis istoria, romlebic 10 wlis asakidan (krimi-

nalurobis savaraudo dasawyisi) 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde

(1952-1963 wlebSi) filadelfiaSi cxovrobdnen. Sedegebi

ase gamoiyureba:

• 3475 (34,9%) monawile 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde, minimum,

erTxel mainc hyavda policias SemCneuli kanonTan

konfliqtis gamo;

• danaSaulis xelmeored Cadenis albaToba naklebi iyo im

pirebisgan, romelTa winaaRmdeg procesebi formalur

xasiaTs atarebda. (mag. gafrTxileba, xelwerili);

• danaSaulis xelmeored Cadenis albaToba miT ufro

izrdeboda, rac ufro meti kontaqti iyo policiasTan.

• mxolod 6,3%-ma Caidina 61,7% (5305) mTliani

danaSaulebisa (10214 deliqti), ramac mTeli kohortis

kriminaluri ganviTarebis statistikur maCvenebelze

gavlena moaxdina. es pirebi iyvnen e.w. qronikuli

recidivistebi (chronic offenders), isini, vinc danaSaulis

CadenaSi policiam 5-ze metjer SeamCnia;

• recidivistebi, ZiriTadad, „araTeTri“ pirebi

iyvnen, skolaSi susti Sedegebis mqone mozardebi

sazogadoebis socialurad dabali fenebidan.

kvlevis mizans prevenciisa da sanqciis mimarTulebiT

saxelmwifos politikis gaumjobesebaSi wvlilis Setana

warmoadgenda da orientirebuli iyo im mosazrebaze, rom

intervencia mxolod e.w. maRali riskis (high risk) jgufis

warmomadgenel individebze unda ganxorcielebuliyo.

filadelfiis kvleva retrospeqtuli xasiaTisaa, igi

mxolod warsulis monacemebzea orientirebuli. rac Se-

exeba prospeqtul kvlevas, romelic momavlis prognozis

saSualebas gvaZlevs, aseTi kvlevis magaliTia Cambridge Studie. Aam kvlevis dros londonSi winaswar SerCeuli 6 sko-

lidan 411 axalgazrda mamakaci (dabadebis wlebi 1953/54)

gamoikiTxa. kvlevis monawileebs pasuxi unda gaecaT Ta-

vianT aragamovlenil kriminalur qmedebebze. latenturi

danaSaulis am kvlevas policiis aqtebi, pirovnulobis te-

12 13

stebi da sxva socialuri monacemebi daerTo. Sedegad ga-

movlinda, rom 17 wlis Sesrulebamde gamokiTxulTa 20,4%-

s danaSauli, minimum, erTxel mainc hqonda Cadenili.

93 mozardidan, romlebic Rarib ojaxebSi daibadnen,

33,3% gaxda kriminaluri. danarCeni 318-dan, romlebic

araRaribi ojaxebis wevrebi iyvnen, mxolod 16,7% gaxda

damnaSave.

siRaribe rogorc kriminalurobis gamomwvevi mize-

zi?

• 97 axalgazrdidan, romelTa erT-erTi mSobeli mainc

iyo kriminaluri warsulis, 36,1% Tavadac gaxda damna-

Save. danarCeni 314 mozardidan es ricxvi 15,6%-s Sead-

genda. (kriminaluroba, rogorc modeluri swavla?)

• maswavleblebis SefasebiT „most troublesome“ (yvelaze

problemuri) mozardebidan 38,1% gaxda kriminali,

xolo „least troublesome“ (naklebad problemuri) moswav-

leebidan - mxolod 4,1%. (skolaSi problemur bavS-

vebs cudi socialuri prognozi aqvT?)

kohortuli kvlevebi kriminologiur mecnierebaSi

gakritikebulia, ZiriTadad, iseTi problemebis gamo, ro-

goric aris: pirovnuli da finansuri xarjebi, rac wle-

bis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba (xarjebisa da saWiroebis

argumenti); sxvadasxva kvlevebSi latenturi danaSaulis

gauTvaliswinebloba; policiisa da sajaro organoebis

monacemTa araerTiani Sefaseba, romlebic kvlevisTvis

iqna gamoyenebuli; viqtimizaciis problemebis arCarTva

kvlevaSi (damnaSavisa da msxverplis rolebis gauTvalis-

winebloba).

meore Tavi

kriminaluri prognozis cneba, miznebi da saxeebi

socialuri kavSiri da integracia kriminaluri pro-

gnozisTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria. naxevarze

metma im patimrebidan, romlebsac sasjelis moxdis vadaSi

ojaxi xSirad stumrobda, gaTavisuflebis Semdeg 3-jer

ufro metad daanebes Tavi kriminalur cxovrebas, vidre

im patimrebisa, romelTac arc erTi vizitori ar hyavdaT.

amave dros, orjer metia recidivisgan TavSekavebis ricx-

vi im patimrebSi, romlebic gaTavisuflebis Semdeg ojax-

Tan erTad cxovrobdnen an daqorwinebulni iyvnen, vidre

im msjavrdebulebSi, romlebic marto cxovroben. aseTi

kriteriumebi imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom maT naklebad

mkacri tipis sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi gadayva-

nis drosac ki iTvaliswineben. magaliTad, daxuruli ti-

pis reJimisgan gansxvavebiT, Ria sasjelaRsrulebiT dawe-

sebulebebSi ufro metia daqorwinebul patimarTa ricxvi,

romlebsac iq SeuZliaT, intensiuri kontaqti hqondeT

garesamyarosTan. Sesabamisad, xelsayreli prognoziT

sargebloben is patimrebi, romlebsac myari ojaxuri kav-

Sirebi, erTi sacxovrebeli adgili da profesiuli inte-

graciis maRali Sansebi aqvT. rac ufro naklebia msgavsi

faqtorebi, miT ufro metia danaSaulis ganmeorebiT Cade-

nis riskis xarisxi.

2.1. kriminaluri prognozis cneba

kriminaluri prognozi kriminaluri movlenebisa da

procesebis Sesaxeb varaudis Sedegia, romelic empiriuli

monacemebis analizs efuZneba da warsulidan awmyomde da

awmyodan momavlamde sazogadoebis ganviTarebis tenden-

ciebs iTvaliswinebs. kriminaluri prognozis dros saqme

14 15

gvaqvs albaTobiTi tipis frazebTan piris samomavlo le-

galuri qmedebis Sesaxeb. warsulisa da awmyos kriminolo-

giuri kvlevis gareSe kriminaluri prognozis gakeTeba

SeuZlebelia. kriminaluri procesebis qveS ki igulisxme-

ba damnaSavisa da msxverplis individualuri kariera (kri-

minologiuri individualuri prognozi), agreTve damna-

Saveobis ganviTareba, rogorc masobrivi procesi da misi

kontroli (kriminaluri koleqtiuri prognozi). krimi-

naluri prognozis sagania kerZo an sajaro pirTa Sesaxeb

gadawyvetilebis miRebisTvis kriminaluri qmedebis winas-

war gansazRvra, konkretulad ki imis, Caidenen Tu ara es

pirebi danaSauls.

kriminalur politikur prognozsa da kriminalur pro-

gnozs Soris gansxvaveba arsebobs. kriminaluri poli-

tikuri prognozi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis

gamoyenebis prognozs ewodeba. sisxlis samarTlis kano-

nebis miRebiT mosaxleobis qceva SiSiTa da samarTlebriv

cnobierebaze zegavleniT kontroldeba. kriminaluri po-

litikuri prognozis dros kanonmdebeli Sedegzea orien-

tirebuli. aseTi prognozi miRebuli kanonis warmatebas

ikvlevs. individualuri da koleqtiuri kriminaluri

prognozi ki keTdeba ara imitom, rom asruldes, aramed

imitom, rom acilebul iqnes. igi mxolod maSin aris war-

matebuli, Tu Tavad Semoixazeba, gamarTldeba. krimi-

naluri prognozis kvleva Tanamedrove da aqtualuria da

igi mTlianad damnaSavezea orientirebuli.

damnaSaveoba individualur da socialur procesebSi

warmoiSveba da sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis msgavsad

mudmivad icvleba. kriminaluri prognozi gangrZobadi

SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis procesia, romelic arasdros

mTavrdeba da axali monacemebis, prognozis gaumjobese-

bis safuZvelze mudmivad axldeba. Sesabamisad, aseTi pro-

gnozi 3 fazad iyofa.

kriminaluri prognozis pirvel fazaSi damnaSaveobis

ganviTareba ivaraudeba. pirveladi prognozis safuZvel-

ze prevenciuli RonisZiebebi tardeba.

prognozis meore fazaSi prevenciuli RonisZiebebis

Sedegebi winaswar ganisazRvreba.

mesame fazaSi ki pirveladi prognozi meore fazis

dros momxdari movlenis gamo swordeba. ufro naTlad

formulirebisTvis, magaliTad, pirveladi prognozis

dros piris recidivis naklebi riski ivaraudeba, ris sa-

fuZvelzec misi gaTavisufleba igegmeba. prognozis meo-

re fazis dros piris gaTavisuflebis Semdeg prognozis

sagania, kvlav Caidens Tu ara piri danaSauls. Tu meore

fazaSi piri danaSauls ar Caidens, maSin prognozis mesame

etapze pirveladi prognozis Sesworeba saWiro ar aris.

xolo Tu pirma mainc Caidina danaSauli (meore fazis Sede-

gi), es niSnavs, rom damnaSavis mimarT pirveladi prognozi

ar gamarTlda da igi zedmetad loialuri iyo. amave dros,

aRsaniSnavia is, rom kriminaluri prognozis arsebobis

miuxedavad, SeuZlebelia momavlis winaswar gansazRvra

da SemTxveviTobis Tavidan acileba, mas maTi Sedegebis mx-

olod Semcireba SeuZlia.

2.2. kriminaluri prognozis saxeebi

konkretul pirze dafuZnebuli individualuri tipis

Sefaseba prognozis erTaderTi saxe ar aris, romelic kri-

minologiaSi arsebobs. individualur prognozTan erT-

ad, ganixilaven koleqtiur prognozsac, romelic damna-

Saveobis zogadi ganviTarebis tendencias gansazRvrul

garemoSi, drosa da mosaxleobis konkretul jgufebSi

16 17

prognozirebs. aseTi koleqtiuri prognozi sisxlissa-

marTlebrivi gadawyvetilebebisTvis maincdamainc mniSv-

nelovani ar aris. isini ufro politikuri gadawyvetile-

bebis dagegmvis saSualebas warmoadgens (mag. policiisa

da marTlmsajulebis personalis marTva).

individualuri kriminaluri prognozi varaudia samo-

mavlo damnaSavisa da msxverplis karieris Sesaxeb. Tumca

viqtimologiuri prognozisgan gansxvavebiT, damnaSaveTa

prognozi kanonmdeblis yuradRebis qveSaa da sisxlis sa-

marTlis kodeqsis bevri muxliT aris mowesrigebuli.

individualuri prognozi or saxed iyofa: adreuli prognozi da recidivis prognozi (Rückfallprognose). adreu-

li prognozi im pirebiskenaa mimarTuli, romelTac

jerjerobiT danaSauli ar CaudeniaT, magram arsebobs

albaToba, rom isini erT dRes danaSauls Caidenen. krimi-

nologiaSi am mxriv cnobilia Sheldon da Eleanor Glueck-ebis

Mmier ganviTarebuli Teoria. maTi azriT, im axalgazrda

mamakacTa identificireba, romlebic SemdgomSi sisxlis

samarTlis danaSauls Caidenen, jer kidev 6 wlis asakSia

SesaZlebeli. identificireba 3 faqtors efuZneba (dedis

mxridan meTvalyureoba, dedis mier aRzrdis saxe, ojaxis

simtkice). amgvari adreuli prognozi SeiZleba, axalgazr-

daTa daxmarebis politikisTvis samarTlebrivi RonisZie-

bebis inicirebis saSualeba iyos. sisxlis samarTlisTvis

igi ar aris mniSvnelovani, radganac sisxlis samarTali

ukve Cadenil danaSaulzea orientirebuli.

sisxlissamarTlebrivi konteqstisTvis ufro mniSvne-

lovania recidivis prognozi. am dros unda gairkves, ram-

denad SeiZleba, rom pirma pirveli nasamarTlobis Semdeg

sxva deliqtebic ganaxorcielos.

sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjelebis sistema sasamarT-

losgan aseT prognozs bevr SeTxvevaSi iTxovs. mosa-

marTlem unda ivaraudos, ramdenad kanonmorCili iqneba

damnaSave momavalSi da ramdenad darCeba misi samomavlo

qmedebebi kanonis farglebSi. zogadad ganasxvaveben sas-jelisa da gaTavisuflebis prognozebs. sasjelis pro-

gnozis dros sasamarTlos sasjelis saxis gansazRvra

uwevs konkretul SemTxvevaSi - magaliTad, giraos Sefar-

debis dros, Tu braldebulisgan ar aris mosalodneli ka-

nonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebi, mowmeze zemoqmedeba da a.S.;

anu mosamarTle valdebulia, damnaSavis samomavlo qmede-

bebi ivaraudos. aseTi tipis gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas

mniSvnelovania, Sefasdes damnaSavis saSiSroebis xarisxi

– is, Tu ramdenad saSiSia piri sazogadoebisTvis. am pro-

cess saSiSroebis prognozsac uwodeben.

gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas, ZiriTadad,

Sesabamisi sasamarTlo an komisia iRebs. gaTavisuflebis

dros mosamarTlem an komisiis wevrma unda gansazRvron,

momavalSi kvlav Caidens Tu ara piri danaSauls.

sasjelisa da gaTavisuflebis prognozebis garda, ar-

sebobs agreTve gaqcevis, mimalvis da zewolis moxdenis

prognozi. kriminalur prognozebs sisxlis samarTalSi

didi mniSvneloba aqvs. isini ganapirobebs kanonmdeblis

gadawyvetilebas, maTi gaTvaliswinebiT sasjelTa saxe in-

dividualurad SeirCeva da maTi gamoyenebisas yuradReba

qmedebebis prevenciisken miimarTeba.

2.3. kriminaluri prognozis miznebi

prognozis mizania, SeZlebisdagvarad zustad gansaz-

Rvros qmedebis Cadena an arCadena. aucilebelia sizustis

SeZlebisdagvarad maRali albaTobis xarisxi, raTa aras-

worad Sefasebis safrTxe maqsimalurad dabali iyos.

18 19

kriminaluri prognozis dros SeiZleba, 2 saxis Secdoma

warmoiSvas:

1) prognozi, rom momavalSi danaSauli ar ganxorciel-

deba, SesaZlebelia, mcdari iyos. piri, mis mimarT arse-

buli molodinis sawinaaRmdegod, kvlav damnaSave xdeba.

damnaSavis axali qmedeba SeiZleba, ara mxolod msxverplma

aRiqvas mniSvnelovan adamianur travmad, aramed kritikis

obieqtSi aqcevs eqspertebsac, romlebmac „mcdari“ pro-

gnozi gaakeTes da aseve sasamarTlos, romelmac „mcdari“

gadawyvetileba daamtkica. am braldebebma SesaZlebelia,

eqspertisa da sasamarTlos winaaRmdeg sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis dawyebamdec ki migviyvanos.

2) prognozi, rom momavalSi danaSauli kvlav iqneba Ca-

denili, SesaZlebelia, mcdari aRmoCndes. molodinis mi-

uxedavad, piri ar Cadis axal danaSauls. am konstelaciis

problema is aris, rom prognozis araswori damtkiceba,

ZiriTadad, ver xerxdeba. miuxedavad risk-faqtorebis ar-

sebobisa, piri ar Cadis danaSauls.

negatiuri prognozis gamo, im varaudis safuZvelze, rom

damnaSave danaSauls kvlav Caidens, igi patimrobaSi rCeba

da sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebidan ar Tavisuflde-

ba. Sedegad, patimrobaSi myofi ara marto fizikurad aris

SezRuduli Semdgomi danaSaulebis Casadenad, aramed imis

Sansic erTmeva, rom danaSauli momavalSi ar Caidinos.

am dros Tavisuflebis dakargva usamarTlod, araxel-

sayrelad prognozirebuls mniSvnelovan tkivils ayenebs

(am SemTxvevaSi mxolod damnaSavis zaralia saxeze). amas

emateba isic, rom sazogadoeba sanqciis aRsrulebisTvis

fuls ixdis. sasjelis moxdis xarjebi kvlav arsebobs,

swori prognozis dros ki am xarjebis Tavidan acileba Ses-

aZlebeli iqneboda.

mosalodneli da faqtobrivi, damdgari Sedegis es kom-

binaciebi SesaZlebelia, naTlad warmoCindes Semdeg sqema-

Si.

„pozitiuria“ SemTxvevebi, romlis drosac Sesabamisi

movlenis dadgoma (recidivi) pozitiurad iqna progno-

zirebuli (maRali riski);

„negatiuria” SemTxvevebi, romlis drosac movlenis

ardadgomaa prognozirebuli (mcire riski);

„sworia“ SemTxvevebi, romlis drosac prognozi (pozi-

tiuri an negatiuri) gamarTlda.

„mcdaria“ is SemTxvevebi, romlis drosac prognozi ar

gamarTlda.

kriminaluri prognozis mizania, aseTi gamarTlebis

ricxvi maqsimalurad maRali iyos, xolo mcdari Sefase-

bisa (mcdari gangaSi, zedmetad loialuri) - maqsimalurad

naklebi.

sqema #1: prognozis siswore da prognozis Secdomebi

faqtobrivi Sedegi

axali danaSauli

axali danaSaulisgan Tavis Sekaveba

prognozirebuli Sedegi

recidivis maRali riski

swori pozitiuri(gamarTleba)

mcdari pozitiuri(mcdari gangaSi)

recidivis dabali riski

mcdari negatiuri(zedmetad loialuri)

swori negatiuri(gamarTleba)

20 21

mesame Tavi

kriminaluri prognozis kvlevis meTodebi

kriminaluri prognozis gareSe kriminaluri marTlm-

sajulebis sistema xangrZliv perspeqtivaSi umoqmedoa. Aam

SemTxvevaSi kriminaluri kontroli mxolod ukve gamov-

lenili qmedebebisken iqneboda mimarTuli. saxelmwifos

mxridan aseTi reaqciuli qmedebebi ki maRal xarjebs moi-

Txovs da marTlmsajulebis sistemas Tavdacvis poziciaSi

ayenebs.

kriminaluri prognozi gansazRvruli droisTvisa da

sivrcisTvis iqmneba. is SeiZleba, mxolod erTi qalaqiT

Semoifarglos, an mxolod qveyniT, an kontinentiT – mag,

evropa, saqarTvelo, aWara, baTumi.

kriminaluri prognozis 3 arsebiT meTods ganasxva-

veben:

3.1. eqstrapolacia

eqstrapolacia kriminaluri prognozis yvelaze advi-

li meTodia, romlis drosac Zvel, warsulis kriminalur

statistikur monacemebs momavalzec iyeneben. kriminalu-

ri tendenciebi, romlebic statistikisTvis an latentur

danaSaulTa kvlevisTvis aris cnobili, kvlav grZeldeba.

eqstrapolaciis meTodi gamomdinareobs im ideidan, rom

sazogadoebis sistema stabiluria da tendenciebi da Zi-

riTadi faqtorebi, romlebic warsulSi damnaSaveobas ga-

napirobebda da awmyoSi efeqturad moqmedebda, momaval-

Sic imoqmedebs, radgan warsuli aseTi iyo, awmyoc aseTi

aris da, Sesabamisad, momavalic aseTi darCeba.

3.2. modelirebisa da simulaciis meTodi

modelirebisa da simulaciis meTodi damnaSaveobas

socialur da demografiul cvlilebebs ukavSirebs. sx-

vadasxva socialuri da demografiuli faqtorebis cvli-

lebebis Sedegad danaSaulTa dinamikac icvleba. momavali

ar aris marto warsulisa da awmyos gagrZeleba. sruliad

axali movlenebi da axali danaSaulebic (mag. kompiute-

ruli danaSauli) winaswar unda iqnes prognozirebuli.

warsulis gamocdilebas am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba, mxolod

damxmare funqcia hqondes.

3.3. sistemis analizi da prognozi

kriminaluri prognozis yvelaze ufro xangrZlivi da

moculobiTi meTodia sistemis analizi da prognozi. am

meTodiT, upirveles yovlisa, dgindeba awmyoSi damnaSaveo-

bis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani demografiuli, socialu-

ri, ekonomikuri da sxva faqtorebi mocemul socialur

sistemaSi. mas Semdeg, rac damnaSaveobis ganviTarebaze am

faqtorebis zegavlena dadgindeba, mTliani socialuri si-

stemis samomavlo ganviTarebis da damnaSaveobis ganviTa-

rebisTvis mniSvnelovani faqtorebis prognozireba xdeba,

raTa damnaSaveobis SesaZlo struqtura, moculoba da ga-

nawileba winaswar ganisazRvros. am dros mniSvnelovania

demografiuli monacemebis Segroveba da Sefaseba, Soba-

dobisa da sikvdilianobis dinamika, mosaxleobis sqeso-

brivi da asakobrivi monacemebi, ganaTlebis struqtura,

sazogadoebrivi struqtura da a.S. es meTodi afasebs mec-

nierul teqnologiur ganviTarebasac, agreTve mosaxleo-

bis geografiul mobilurobas, imigraciasa da emigracias,

ucxoelTa raodenobas, turizmis ganviTarebas.

22 23

damnaSaveobis ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovania iseTi

ekonomikuri monacemebi, rogoric aris: Semosavlis zrda

da gadanawileba, didi sacxovrebeli xarjebi, umuSevro-

ba, samuSao drois Semcireba (Tavisufali drois savar-

audo zoma), socialuri daxmarebis mimRebTa raodenoba.

sazogadoebis socialuri dezorganizacia sazogadoebis

kriminalurobis donis mimarT did rols TamaSobs. aq ga-

moyofen dezorganizaciis iseT indikatorebs, rogoric

aris narkotikebisa da alkoholis moxmareba, ganqorwine-

bis da TviTmkvlelobis maCveneblebi. ekonomikuri cvli-

lebebiT SeiZleba, danaSaulebrivi motivacia Seicvalos.

amave dros, socialuri kontrolis zoma (policielTa

raodenoba, patimarTa ricxvi) gamovlenili danaSaulis

raodenobasTan pirdapir kavSirSia.

3.4. damnaSaveTa kriminologiuri prognozis meTode-

bi

kriminaluri prognozis meTodebi, ZiriTadad, eqstre-

maluri jgufebis mimarT marTldeba - im adamianebis mi-

marT, romelTa SemTxvevaSi mravali risk-faqtori arse-

bobs. rac Seexeba saSualo albaTobis prognozebs, anu im

SemTxvevebs, rodesac prognozis Semdgeni zustad ver

ambobs, damnaSave Caidens Tu ara momavalSi danaSauls,

aseT dros kriminaluri prognozi sando ar aris da pro-

blemuria. amave dros, kriminaluri prognozi, ZiriTadad,

mimarTulia axal sasamarTlo ganaCenze, anu iusticiis

sistemis mier danaSaulis gamovlenaze da ara danaSaulis

faqtobriv Cadenaze. Sedegad, prognozis kvlevis dros iS-

viaTad aris CarTuli latenturi danaSauli.

damnaSaveTa kriminologiuri prognozis 4 meTodi arse-

bobs:

3.4.1. intuiciuri meTodi

intuiciuli meTodis safuZvelze mosamarTle, saku-

Tari cxovrebiseuli da profesiuli gamocdilebis gaT-

valiswinebiT da jansaRi adamianuri Segnebis mixedviT,

subieqturad afasebs damnaSavis mier danaSaulis xelax-

la Cadenis SesaZleblobas. aseT, brZanebis tipis process,

romelic mecnierul kriteriumebs, sistematur da kon-

trolirebad empiriul monacemebs ar Seesabameba, sasa-

marTlo umetes SemTxvevaSi iyenebs. sxva mxriv am proce-

sisTvis Zalian didi finansuri da droiTi xarji iqneboda

saWiro. yoveli saqmis ganxilvisas fsiqologiis da fsiq-

iatriis eqspertis mowveva warmoudgenelia. Tavisi subie-

qturobisa da intuiciuri kriminaluri prognozis gamo

es brZanebiTi tipis procesi winaaRmdegobaSia konstitu-

ciur Tanasworobis principTan da empiriulad ar aris ga-

rantirebuli da kontrolirebadi. aseTi prognozebi, ro-

gorc wesi, araprofesionalur mosazrebebs, yoveldRiur

gamocdilebasa da damnaSaveTa Sesaxeb zogad Sexedulebas

eyrdnoba.

3.4.2. klinikuri kriminaluri prognozi

klinikur kriminalur prognozs fsiqiatriis da fsi-

qologiis eqsperti qmnis, romelic efuZneba damnaSavis

pirovnulobis kvlevas fsiqodiagnostikuri testis, dak-

virvebis, misi karieris da socialuri cxovrebis (ojaxu-

ri pirobebis, profesiis, Tavisufali drois) analizis

saSualebiT. klinikuri kriminaluri prognozi mimarTu-

24 25

lia momavlisken. Ffsiqiatrma, Tavisi profesiuli codnis

daxmarebiT, pirovnulobis kriminogenuri struqturebis

gacnobiereba unda SeZlos. motivaciis nakleboba, kon-

trolis sisuste da sxva faqtorebi mTavari fenomene-

bia damnaSaveTa daxasiaTebisas. klinikuri kriminaluri

prognozis Sesaqmnelad aucilebelia fsiqopaTologi-

uri gamocdileba. miznobrivi warmodgena emociebisgan,

afeqtisa da instiqtebisgan Sedgeba, rac azrovnebas xels

uSlis. rogorc ki saxezea Semacdeneli situacia, miznis

naperwkali inTeba da azrovneba iTiSeba. aseTi mdgomareo-

bis obieqti SeiZleba, bevri ram iyos - umeTvalyureo nivTi

sadgurSi, swrafi finansuri mogeba da a.S.

3.4.3. statistikuri kriminaluri prognozi

statistikuri kriminaluri prognozi damnaSaveTa

kriminologiuri prognozisTvis statistikur instru-

mentebs iyenebs. am meTodis mixedviT samomavlo danaSau-

lebis ricxvis albaToba imdenad izrdeba, rac ufro met

kriminalur Tvisebas aerTianebs piri. saxezea hipoTezuri

meTodi – rac warsulSi iyo SemTxvevebis didi raodenobis

mizezi, igive iqneba momavalSic. prognozis instrumentebs

prognozis cxrilebis saxe gaaCnia da gamoyeneba, rogorc

fsiqodiagnostikuri testi. pirs daesmeba kiTxvebi, rom-

lebSic prognozis instrumentebia CamoTvlili. qulebis

saSualebiT dgindeba, miekuTvneba Tu ara damnaSave risk-

jgufs. am cxrilebis gamoyeneba advilia, magram isini SeiZ-

leba, mxolod damxmare saSualebad miviCnioT. cxrilebis

meqanikuri, avtomaturi gamoyeneba nebadarTuli ar aris.

rekomendebulia yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi SeZlebis-

dagvarad prognozis meti instrumentis gamoyeneba, ro-

melTa Sedegebi erTmaneTs Seavsebs da sakuTar sizustes

gaamarTlebs. statistikur individualur prognozs mie-

kuTvneba agreTve anamnezi, istoriis, aqtebis winaswari

Seswavla, pirTan gasaubreba, pirovnuli STabeWdileba.

prognozis instrumentebi arsebobs ara imisTvis, rom

uflebamosili piris gadawyvetilebis miRebis pasuxism-

gebloba Seamciros, aramed imisTvis, rom mas normatiuli

gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi daexmaros, Sroma Seumsubuqos

da farTo samecniero-analitikuri gamocdilebis konkre-

tul SemTxvevaSi gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli gaxados.

statistikuri prognozis meTods praqtikosi iuriste-

bi prognozis cxrilebis saSualebiT iyeneben. es cxrilebi

risk-jgufebis CamonaTvals Seicavs. am jgufebisadmi mi-

kuTvneba ki ama Tu im garemoebaTa gamoZiebiT da dadgeniT

da Sesabamisi pro da kontraqulebis saSualebiT xdeba.

zogadad, orientireba mainc kontra negatiur punqtebs

eyrdnoba, rac e.w. wonadi qulebis SejamebiT xorcielde-

ba. kritikas imsaxurebs is garemoeba, rom am dros dadebiT

qulebsa da pozitiur Tvisebebs naklebi yuradReba eTmo-

ba. zogadad unda aRiniSnos, rom statistikuri prognozi,

ZiriTadad, gare faqtorebis aRweriT Semoifargleba. ase-

Ti prognozis cxrili unda iyos individualuri, konkre-

tul danaSaulebze morgebuli. magaliTad, Zaladobrivi

xasiaTis danaSaulebisTvis gankuTvnili prognozis cxri-

li ar gamodgeba e.w. inteleqtualuri tipis danaSaulebis

an qonebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebis aRwerisT-

vis.

statistikuri prognozis erT-erT magaliTad SesaZle-

belia Meyer-is prognozis cxrilis moyvana. meTodurad

26 27

saqme gvaqvs martiv daTvlis sistemasTan. rac ufro meti

faqtoria saxeze, miT ufro metia recidivis riski. es fa-

qtorebia:

1. Tundac erT-erTi mSoblis kriminaluroba;

2. erT-erTi mSoblis qronikuli alkoholizmi;

3. a) bavSvi, romelic mSoblebis gayris Semdeg de-

dasTan izrdeba, Tu mas kvlav ar uqorwinia;

b) bavSvi, romelic mSoblebis gayris Semdeg ma-

masTan izrdeba, Tu mas kvlav ar uqorwinia;

g) dediT oboli bavSvi, romelic mamasTan izr-

deba, Tu mas kvlav ar uqorwinia;

4. a) skolaSi swavlis periodSi klasSi, minium, or-

jer CarCenili bavSvi;

b) skolis xSiri gamcdeni bavSvi;

5. saSualod yovel 4 TveSi samuSao adgilis gamomcvle-

li piri;

6. aRzrda upatrono bavSvTa TavSesafarSi (minimum 6

Tve);

7. upatrono bavSvTa TavSesafridan gamogdebuli bavS-

vi;

8. kriminalobis dawyeba 15 wlis Sesrulebamde;

9. srulwlovanebis Sesrulebidan wliurad, minimum, 5

danaSauli;

10. Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sasjelis, minimum, 2-jer

moxda;

11. minimum 2-jer arasrulwlovanis mimarTTavisufle-

bis SezRudvis gamoyeneba (Jugendarrest); 12. recidivi bolo sasjelis moxdidan 3 Tvis ganmavlo-

baSi;

13. srulwlovanebis Semdgom Cadenili yvela danaSauli

an maTi, minimum, 60% Cadenilia Tanamzraxvelebis ga-

reSe;

14. danaSaulis Tanamonawile, romelmac srulwlova-

nebis Sesrulebidan, saSualod, 5 danaSaulSi miiRo

monawileoba;

15. TaRliToba - 21 wlis asakis Sesrulebamde;

16. prostitucia - 21 wlis asakis Sesrulebamde;

17. policiis winaaRmdegoba - 21 wlis asakamde;

18. maTxovroba an momTabareoba - 21 wlis asakis Ses-

rulebamde;

19. interlokaluri danaSauli (Cadenili, minium, 2

gansxvavebul administraciul erTeulSi);

20. mosaxdeli sasjelis ganmavlobaSi (probaciis pi-

robebSi) saxlis datovebis akrZalva, minimum, 5-jer

(Hausstrafe);

21. mozardTa sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebidan ga-

moZevebuli piri sasjelis moxdis dros.

3.4.4. mTliani kriminaluri prognozi

mTliani kriminaluri prognozi klinikuri da stati-

stikuri prognozebis kombinaciaa. igi damoukidebeli me-

Todia, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia iseTi sakiT-

xebis gaTvaliswineba, romlebic wina meTodebiT ver xer-

xdeba. klinikuri da statistikuri prognozi statikuria,

damnaSavesa da awmyozea orientirebuli. maT ar SeuZliaT

sazogadoebrivi cvlilebebis, msxverplis maxasiaTeble-

bis gaTvaliswineba. individualuri kriminologiuri pro-

gnozisTvis, pirovnulobis testisa da axlo socialuri

wris Sesaxeb monacemebis garda, sxva ramec mniSvnelovania.

28 29

Semfasebels, romelic erTian meTodebs iyenebs, socialu-

ri da ekonomikuri pirobebis, cvlilebebis (mag. sazoga-

doebis socialuri dezorganizaciis xarisxis) gaTvalis-

wineba SeuZlia. aseTi faqtorebi piris gaTavisuflebis

Semdeg mis cxovrebaze zegavlenas axdens. Semfasebels

SeuZlia, magaliTad, gansazRvros, Tu ra socialur wre-

Si iqneba yofili damnaSave, visTan erTad icxovrebs moma-

valSi da romel pirovnebebTan eqneba kontaqti.

es meTodi SemoqmedebiTi, gangrZobadi procesia, ro-

melsac SeuZlia, mTliani kriminaluri prognozis gadawy-

vetilebasTan erTad, prevenciis meqanizmebi Seqmnas. swo-

red amitom, upiratesoba am meTods eniWeba, miuxedavad

imisa, rom germanul samecniero literaturaSi yuradReba

gamaxvilebulia klinikuri meTodis profesionalizmze,

angloamerikul samarTalSi ki ufro statistikuri pro-

gnozia gavrcelebuli.

glukebis xuTi socialuri faqtoris mixedviT agebuli

prognozis sqema, romelic axalgazrda mamakacebis deli-

qventurobisTvis gamoiyeneba:

socialuri urTierTobebi wonadi qulebi

1. aRzrda mamis mier:

a) zedmetad mkacri da araTanazomieri

b) uyuradRebo

g) myari, magram megobruli

72,5

59,8

9,3

2. dedis meTvalyureoba:

a) arasakmarisi

b) nawilobriv sakmarisi

g) kargi

83,2

57,5

9,9

3. mamis damokidebuleba:

a) sulerTi (indiferentuli) an mtruli

b) Tbili (zedmetad yuradRebiani)

75,9

33,8

4. dedis damokidebuleba:

a) sulerTi (indiferentuli) an mtruli

b) Tbili (zedmetad yuradRebiani)

86,2

43,1

5. ojaxis simtkice

a) dezorganizirebuli

b) nawilobriv

g) myari

96,9

61,3

0,6

damatebiTi cxrili - kriminalurobis albaToba

woniTi qulebikriminalurobis

albaToba

arakriminalurobis

albaToba

200 qulis dabla

200-249

250-299

300 da zemoT

8,2 %

37,0 %

63,5 %

89,2 %

91,8 %

63,0 %

36,5 %

10,8 %

socialuri urTierTobebis qulaTa jami Tu 300-s aRe-mateba, danaSaulis Cadenis albaToba 89,2%-ia. magaliTad, Tu mozardis cxovrebaSi mama zedmetad mkacri da araTana-zomieri (72,5 woniTi qula) da amave dros indiferentulia (75,9 woniTi qula), deda arasakmarisad meTvalyureobs (83,2 woniTi qula) da Tbilia (43,1 woniTi qula), xolo oja-xi dezorganizebulia (96,9 woniTi qula), maSin mozards 371 woniTi qula ugrovdeba da mis mier danaSaulis Cadenis albaToba 89,2%-s Seadgens.

30 31

3.4.5. danaSaulis xelmeored Camden damnaSaveTa ti-pologia

danaSaulis xelmeored Camden damnaSaveTa tipologia sami saxisaa: ubralo recidivisti, profesiiT damnaSave da saSiSi, danaSaulis sistematurad Camdeni piri (Rückfalltäter, Berufstäter, gefährlicher Intensivtäter).

latenturi danaSaulis kvleva aCvenebs, rom adamianTa umravlesobas cxovrebaSi, minimum, erTxel mainc Caudenia danaSauli. mxolod mosaxleobis Zalian patara procen-ti Cadis iseT mZime danaSaulebs, rogoricaa mkvleloba, gaupatiureba, yaCaRoba, qurdoba Tu TaRliToba, da kidev ufro mcire jgufis cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi xdeba dana-Saulis recidivi. mxolod patara jgufia qronikuli dam-naSaveebisa, romlebic araTanazomierad deliquenturebi da kriminalurebi arian.

kriminaluri karieris Sesaxeb aqamde arsebuli kvle-vebi, rogorc aRiniSna, qronikuli damnaSaveebis 3 tips gamoarCevs: ubralo recidivisti, profesiiT damnaSave da saSiSi intensiuri damnaSave. ubralo, mxolod SemTxve-viT kriminalurad moqmedi recidivistebi danaSaulis xe-lmeored CamdenTa 50%-s Seadgenen. aseTi piri saSualod weliwadSi 3 danaSauls Cadis, maSin roca profesiiT dam-naSave (recidivitebis, daaxloebiT, 8%) weliwadSi 60-ze met danaSauls Cadis. policiisTvis, ubralod, recidivi-stis danaSaulTa mxolod nawili xdeba cnobili. SemTxve-viTi ubralo recidivisti Tavis danaSaulebs winaswar ar gegmavs. igi kriminalur karieras adre 14-16 wlis asakSi iwyebs,

20 wlis asakidan mis mier Cadenili danaSaulebis rao-denoba mkveTrad izrdeba, 30 wlis Semdeg ki - mcirdeba. kriminaluri karieris dasawyisSi danaSaulis Cadenis mi-zezi sxvadasxva fsiqikuri motivebia, mag. prestiJi Tana-tolebis TvalSi. danaSaulebis gagrZelebisas ki ukve fi-

nansuri da materialuri motivebia gadamwyveti. ubralo recidivisti cotas gamoimuSavebs. misi Semosavali karie-ris ganmavlobaSi ar izrdeba. mozardi danaSaulebis 60%-s alkoholis da narkotikebis zegavlenis qveS Cadis.

profesiiT damnaSave, daaxloebiT, 10-jer met dana-Sauls Cadis, vidre SemTxveviTi recidivisti, magram 5-jer naklebad xvdeba patimrobaSi, gegmavs Tavis danaSaulebs da gansazRvrul deliqtebze specializdeba. man iswavla kriminaluri ena da kriminaluri cxovrebis stili. igi fiqrobs, rom danaSaulis Cadena Rirs. sakuTar Tavze rac ufro kriminaluri warmodgena aqvs (Selbstbild), miT ufro mZimdeba misi danaSaulebi. igi policiisTvis adre xdeba cnobili da dasawyisidanve mZime danaSaulebs Cadis – Zi-riTadad, avtomobilis qurdobasa da yaCaRobas.

saSiSi intensiuri damnaSavis moqmedebis areali regio-nalurad ar izRudeba. man iswavla dapatimrebisgan Tavis arideba. am damnaSavisTvis karieraSi iSviaTi warumate-blobaa sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi moxvedra. organizebuli damnaSavisgan imiT gansxvadeba, rom dana-Saulebs marto Cadis. mas ar unda, sakuTari mogeba vinmes gauyos da aseve surs, daWeris riski maqsimalurad Seamci-ros. misi danaSaulebi TvalsaCino ar aris, radganac Zala-dobis gamoyenebas Tavs aridebs. mas mxolod materialuri miznebi amoZravebs, warmatebulia da karg Semosavals aR-wevs. gamoirCeva inteleqtiT. devnis ganmaxorcielebeli organoebi SemTxveviTi recidivistebiT naklebad inte-resdebian, maTi samizne ufro profesiuli da intensiuri damnaSavea. magram, es ukanasknelni xSir SemTxvevaSi axer-xeben, daemalon marTlmsajulebas. ubralo danaSaulebis Cadena da danaSaulisgan gamowveuli ziani ki TvalsaCinoa da amis gamo SemTxveviT recidivistebs ufro xSirad iWe-ren.

32 33

meoTxe Tavi

Tavisufali dro, rogorc kriminaluri prognozis

kriteriumi

Tavisufali drois gatarebisas adamianis qcevis mixed-

viT, zogierTi mecnieris azriT, kriminaluri momavlis

adreuli identificireba SeiZleba – anu Tavisufali dro

SesaZlebelia, kriminaluri prognozis kriteriumad CaiT-

valos. kriminologiaSi am mimarTulebiT mecnierul kvle-

vebs or nawilad yofen.

4.1. 1974 wlamde arsebuli meoradi analizi (Sekundär-analyse)

empiriuli kvleva 70-ian wlebamde Villnow-ma da Kaiser-ma

meoradi analizis saxiT Camoayalibes. daregistrirebuli

Tavisufali drois gatarebisas axalgazrda mamakac damna-

SaveTa qmedeba, am analizis mixedviT, Semdegi faqtorebiT

gansxvavdeba socialurad arakriminalur pirTa qmedebis-

gan:

pirveli: kriminaluri axalgazrdebi Tavisufal dros,

ZiriTadad, ojaxis gareT, da, ZiriTadad, TanatolebTan

atareben.

meore: kriminalur axalgazrdebs ar ainteresebT Ta-

visufali drois is aqtivobebi, romlebic saSualo kla-

sisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. isini Zalian iSviaTad arian

sportuli gaerTianebebisa Tu sxva kavSirebis aqtiuri we-

vrebi.

mesame: kriminaluri axalgazrdebi, ZiriTadad, mimar-

Taven e.w. Tavisufali drois gatarebis negatiur formebs,

vidre arakriminaluri mozardebi. es aqtivobebia: mopedi-

sa da avtomobilis tareba, xSiri viziti kinoSi, msubuqi

literaturis kiTxva, saTamaSo dawesebulebebsa da gar-

Tobis adgilebSi xSiri yofna, midrekileba raime subkul-

turis wevrobisken.

meoTxe: aramyari pirovnuli kontaqtebi, agreTve

adreuli seqsualuri urTierTobebi

4.2. Semdgomi kvlevebi

meoradi analizis Sedegebi SemdgomSi dadasturda em-

piriuli kvlevebiT (Wüstendörfer/Toman/Lösel 1976; Göppnger 1983; Lux 1993).

mozardebi rac ufro xSirad xdebian kriminalurebi:

- miT ufro iSviaTad arian isini sportul gaerTian-

ebebSi gawevrianebulebi an aqvT raime hobi (uaryofi-

Ti damokidebuleba Tavisufali drois organizebu-

li aqtivobebis mimarT);

- miT ufro xSirad imyofebian isini klubSi da atare-

ben sakuTar Tavisufal dros daugegmavad quCaSi (Ta-

visufali drois negatiuri aqtivobebisken midreki-

leba);

kriminaluri axalgazrdebi saRamos gvian brundebian

saxlSi (Rilley, 1997, 343). Tavisufal dros xSirad atareben

quCaSi (Butz et al. 1998, 352) Tavisufali drois gatareba xde-

ba samuSao da Zilis drois xarjze (Göppinger 1983, 91/92). ase-

Ti axalgazrdebi kriminalur mozardebis ufro met rao-

denobas icnoben, vidre Cveulebriv arakriminalur pirebs

(Junger-Tas, 1988, 56/57). zogierTi Zaladobrivi danaSauli

gamowveulia jgufis mowyenilobiT (Opaschwoski 1997, 223).

34 35

BAT Tavisufali drois kvlevis institutis gamokiTxvis

Tanaxmad, 14-idan 19-wlamde axalgazrdebis 20%-ze meti

SabaT-kviras mowyenilobas agresiulobiT da sibraziT pa-

suxobs, rac vandalizmsa da msxverplTa tanjvaSic ki ga-

moixateba.

am Sedegebidan gamomdinare, prevenciuli kriminalu-

ri politikis mizania, mozardTa Tavisufali dro maqsi-

malurad Seavsos. infrastruqturuli proeqtebis garda,

igegmeba komunikaciis, fsiqologiuri daxmarebis da sxva-

dasxva RonisZiebebi. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Tavisufali

drois sworma dagegmvam SeiZleba, garkveuli roli iT-

amaSos danaSaulis recidivis Tavidan acilebaSi. reso-

cializaciis procesSi patimrebs ufleba unda hqondeT,

Tavisufali dro gaataron sportiT, swavlebiT da kva-

lifikaciis asamaRlebel kursebSi monawileobiT, agreve

biblioTekis gamoyenebiT. sainteresoa, rom germaniis sas-

jelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi sakanSi televizoris

Setanis Semdeg (1999) Tavisufali drois aqtivobebis ga-

moyeneba Semcirda.

4.3. kriminaluri prognozis Tanamedrove praqtika

kriminaluri prognozebi aqamde sxvadasxva meTodebis

gamoyenebiT dgeboda. registritebuli recidivistebisa da

ararecidivistebis jgufebis erTmaneTTan SedarebiT is Tvi-

sebebi dadginda, romlebic maT erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebda.

4.3.1. sqema HCR 20

sqema HCR 20 (Historical Clinical Risk) 1997 wels kanadaSi mec-

nierebma Webster-ma da Hart-ma gamoaqveynes. sqema sqesobrivi

da ZaladobiTi danaSaulis recidivis empiriul kvlevas

eyrdnoboda da Zaladobrivi danaSaulis prognozs isaxav-

da miznad. igi gamoiyeneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxe-

zea eWvi damnaSavis fsiqikuri daavadebis Sesaxeb. am pro-

cesis dros 20 niSani unda Sefasdes, romelTagan 10 damna-

Savis “winare istoriidan”3 (H - historical) aris, Semdegi 5-5 ni-

Sani ki “klinikur mdgomareobas”4 (C - clinical) da “momavlis

riskis menejments”5 (R – Risk Management scales) miekuTvneba.

istoriuli niSani statikuria, mas ver SevcvliT, kliniku-

ri da risk-maCvenebeli ki - dinamikuri.

yoveli Item-i (niSani) 3-punqtiani skalis safuZvelze

fasdeba, romelzec: 0 niSnavs risk-faqtoris ararsebobas;

1 - risk-faqtoris SesaZlo arsebobas an nawilobriv dad-

genas; xolo 2-iT igulisxmeba, rom risk-faqtori aSkarad

saxezea. am kodebis gamosayeneblad TiToeuli niSnis gan-

marteba isea mocemulia, rom detaluri operacionaliz-

mi Segnebulad ar xdeba, raTa klinikosma sakvlevi piris

individualuri Sefaseba SeZlos da am procesis konkre-

tuli SemTxveva mkacrad gansazRvruli definiciebiT ar

Seviwrovdes. Item-is aRwerisas yuradReba ufro mis arssa

da mizanzea gamaxvilebuli, kvlevis Sedegebi ki magaliTe-

biTa da citatebiT isea gadmocemuli, rom amomwurav sis-

ruleze pretenzia ar arsebobdes.

saboloo Sefasebis dros yoveli Item-is raodenoba iTv-

leba, ise rom SeiZleba, individualuri risk-faqtoris

zoma ganisazRvros. aqac 3-safexuriani sqema moqmedebs,

3 es simptomebia: Zaladobis adreuli gamoyeneba, pirveli Zaladobrivi qmedebis dros mcirewlovaneba, arastabiluri urTierTobebi, samuSao sferoSi problemebi, narkotikuli saSualebebis moxmareba, sulieri avadmyofoba. 4 aq gamoyofen iseT niSnebs, rogoricaa: negatiuri ganwyoba, aqtiuri simptomebi, impulsuroba, mkurnalobis cudi Sedegi. 5 kriteriumebi: realizirebuli gegmebis nakleboba, destabilizebuli gavlenebi, mxardaWeris nakleboba, deficituri Compliance da stresis gamomwvevi faqtorebi.

36 37

romelic samomavlo Zaladobriv kriminalobas dabal, sa-

Sualo da maRal doneebad afasebs.

es sqema rekomendebulia kriminaluri prognozis kv-

levisTvis da fsiqologiur testur instruments ar war-

moadgens. HCR-20-is mixedviT, Sefaseba 2 etapad xdeba:

pirvel rigSi, unda gairkves, saxeze aris Tu ara 20 niSani

(Item). amis Semdgom mkvlevari TiToeuli niSnis Sedegebs

sabolood Seafasebs da saSiSroebis saboloo prognozs

daadgens. amave dros, TiToeul niSans sxvadasxva wonadi

qulebi aqvs. SesaZlebelia da logikuricaa, saboloo Se-

fasebam maRali Zaladobis riski mxolod erTi niSnis ar-

sebobis SemTxvevaSic ki aCvenos. magaliTad, sadisturi

fantaziebis arseboba maRali risk-faqtoria. agreTve ma-

Rali maCvenebeli aqvs Item H7-s (psychopathy). maRali sabo-

loo riskis arsebobisas aucilebeli moTxovnaa, Seiqmnas

riskis menejmentis strategia, rac TanamSromelTa in-

formirebas, specialuri mkurnalobis programebSi mona-

wileobis valdebulebas gulisxmobs. Zaladobis saSualo

riskis SemTxvevaSi ki rekomendebulia, movlenaTa samo-

mavlo ganviTareba regularulad gakontroldes indivi-

dualuri, Zaladobisgan damcavi programebis farglebSi.

sapirispirod, miuxedavad Zaladobis maRali potenciali-

sa, fizikuri daavadebis gamo faqtobrivi Zaladobis riski

SeiZleba, dabali iyos.

H-is maCvenebeli, maqsimum, SeiZleba, 20 qula iyos, C-s

maCvenebeli - 10, xolo R-is maCvenebeli - aseve 10 qula. Se-

sabamisad, maqsimaluri Sefaseba 40 qulas Seesabameba. Tu

saboloo maCvenebeli 20-ze metia, saxezea maRali riski.

Tu ar arsebobs informacia konkretul SemTxvevaSi niSnis

arsebobis Sesaxeb, maSin iwereba 9, igive X.

HCR-20-is dros saxeze ar aris standartizebuli prog-

nozis instrumenti, igi mxolod e.w. „Checkliste“-ia.

20 qulaze maRali maCvenebeli maRal risks warmoadgens.

es niSnebia (Items):

HCR 20(Webster, Douglas, Eaves & Hart, 1997)

Historical 10 Items pastClinical 5 Items presentRisk 5 Items future

Coding: 0= no1= maybe/partly2= yes

1. statistikuri, istoriuli niSnebi

(anamnezi - warsuli)

H1 Zaladobis adreuli gamoyeneba (Previous Violence);

H2 pirveli Zaladobrivi qmedebis dros damnaSavis asaki

(Young Age at First Violance Incident);H3 partniorTan urTierTobis stabiluroba (Relationship

Instability);

H4 samuSao urTierTobebis stabiluroba (Employment Problems);

H5 alkoholisa da narkotikebis gamoyeneba (Substance Use Problems);

38 39

H6 fsiqologiuri aSliloba (Major Mentall Illnes);

H7 fsiqopaTia (Psychopathy);H8 adreuli araswori adaptacia – (Early Maladjustment);H9 pirovnuli aSliloba (Personality Disorder);H10 adreuli darRvevebi valdebulebebis Sesrulebisas

(Prior Superviosion Failure).

2. klinikuri niSnebi (awmyo)

C1 Secnobis nakleboba (Lack of Insight);C2 negatiuri energia (Negative Attitudes);

C3 aqtiuri simptomebi (Active Syndroms of Major Mental Ill-ness);

C4 impulsuroba (Impulsivity);

C5 arawarmatebuli mkurnaloba (Unresponsive to Treatment).

3. riskis niSnebi (momavali)

R1 gansaxorcielebeli gegmebis nakleboba (Plans Lack Feasibility);

R2 destabilizaciis gavlenebi (Exposure to Destabilizers);

R3 mxardaWeris, daxmarebis nakleboba (Lack of Personal Support);

R4 TviTkontrolis nakleboba (Noncompliance with Remedi-ation Attemps);

R5 stres-faqtorebi (Stress).

4.3.2. SVR-20

es sqema sqesobrivi danaSaulis Camdeni pirebisTvis

aris gankuTvnili da HCR-20 sistemis msgavsia. SVR-20 (Sex-ual Violence Risk) 1997 wels kanadelma mecnierebma Hart-ma

da Webster-ma Seqmnes. kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli niSnebi (Items)

warmoadgens empiriulad damtkicebul risk-faqtorebs

seqsualuri xasiaTis ZaladobiTi danaSaulebisTvis.

rogorc saxelidan Cans, SVR-20 Sedgeba 20 niSnis-

gan, romlebic 3 jgufad daiyofa. pirveli kategoria

fsiqo-socialur inegracias exeba da 11 faqtorisgan

Sedgeba; Semdegi 7 faqtori seqsualuri kriminalobis

winare istorias moicavs da nawilobriv aqtualur, sax-

eze arsebul punqtebsac iTvaliswinebs. mesame jgufis

farglebSi ki 2 faqtori ganixileba, romlebic kvlevis

monawilis samomavlo gegmebs exeba. aqac 3-punqtiani ska-

la moqmedebs. swored am skaliT gazomvis dros unda gad-

awydes, arsebobs Tu ara romelime konkretuli niSani.

Item-is dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi ki unda ganisazRvros,

ra xarisxiT aris igi mocemuli. sisruleze pretenzia Aarc

am sqemas gaaCnia, sqemis gamoyenebis dros pasuxi unda gae-

ces damatebiT risk-faqtorebsac, rogoric aris: qmedebis

saxe, sixSire, simZime da impulsuroba. saboloo Sefaseba

saSiSroebis prognozs iZleva, romelic SeiZleba dabali,

saSualo an maRali iyos.

saSualo riskis qveS igulisxmeba amaRlebuli, ga-

Zlierebuli riski. saSualo riskis safexuria 20 qula.

Pprognozis am instrumentis mixedviTac, Tu maCvenebe-

li 20 qulaze maRalia, saxezea maRali riski. igi 3 nawilad

iyofa: fsiqo-socialuri integracia, seqsualuri krimi-

naloba da samomavlo gegmebi. am meTodis dros mowmdeba

Semdegi niSnebis arseboba:

1) fsiqosocialuri integracia (Psychosocial Adjustment)1. seqsualuri deviacia (sexual deviance);2. bavSvTa Nseqsualuri xasiaTis qmedeba (victim of child

abuse);

40 41

3. fsiqopaTia (psychopathy);4. sulieri aSliloba (Major mental illness);

5. narkotikuli saSualebebis gamoyeneba (Substance use problems);

6. suiciduri azrebi (Suicidal/homicidal ideation);

7. partnioruli urTierTobebis problemebi (Relation-ship problems);

8. dasaqmebis problemebi (Employment problems);

9. araseqsualuri xasiaTis Zaladobrivi wina dana-

Saulebi (Past nonsexual violent offences);

10. araZaladobrivi wina deliqtebi (Past nonviolent offences)

11. adre saproceso valdebulebebis Sesrulebis dar-

Rvevebi (Past supervision failure).

2) sqesobrivi danaSaulebis Cadenis istoria (History of Sexual Offenses)12. deliqtTa didi raodenoba (High density);

13. sqesobrivi danaSaulebis mravali forma (Multiple types);

14. msxverplis fizikuri dazianeba (Physical harm);

15. iaraRis gamoyeneba / msxverplis mimarT sicocxlisT-

vis saSiSi muqara (Weapons/threats);

16. deliqtebis raodenobis an simZimis zrda (Escalation in frequency or severity);

17. deliqtebis eqstremalurad gaufasureba an tyuili

(Extreme minimization/denial);18. deliqtis xelSemwyobi mosazrebebi (Attitudes that sup-

port or condone).

3) samomavlo gegmebi (Future Plans)19. realuri gegmebis nakleboba (Lacks realistic plans);20. sxva intervenciebis uaryofa (Negative attitude toward

intervention).

4.3.3. ფსიქოპათიაSVR-20, iseve rogorc HCR-20, e.w. Hares-s Psychopathy-s

Teorias efuZneba, romelic samomavlo Zaladobriv qmede-

bebs damoukideblad gansazRvravs. Psychopathy ar unda

iqnes gagebuli, rogorc pirovnulobis anomalia. amer-

ikuli gagebiT Psychopathy pirovnulobisa da qcevis iseT

sayuradRebo Tvisebebs gulisxmobs, romlebic e.w. Psychop-athy Checklist (PCL)-Sia mocemuli. amosavali wertilia is,

rom Psychopathy-is sindromebis dros disocialuri, krim-

inaluri da Zaladobrivi qmedebebis ricxvi matulobs.

Psychopathy-ia am gagebiT emociebis gadamuSavebis biolo-

giurad ganpirobebuli deficitiT aixsneba, romlis dro-

sac ar arsebobs myari urTierTobebis Seqmnis da agreTve,

negatiuri gamocdilebebiT (mag. sasjeliT) swavlis unari.

pirvelad 1980 wels Robert Hare-ma Psychopathy-s Sesamow-

meblad 22 niSani (Items) Seqmna, romlis modificirebulma

versiam Psychopathy Checklist Revised(PCL-R) sayovelTao gam-

oyeneba hpova. yovel pacientTan interviusTvis, minimum,

3 saaTi ixarjeboda da Semdeg aqtebis Seswavla iyo saWiro

– es procesi ganviTarebasa da daxvewas moiTxovda. Psychop-athy gansazRvruli niSnebis saSualebiT operacionalu-

rad definirdeba, romlis drosac yoveli kriteriumis da

misTvis gankuTvnili Manual-is dawvrilebiT aRwera xdeba.

iseve rogorc wina ori meTodis dros, Psychopathy-is dro-

sac es niSnebi sakvlevi piris Tvisebebs unda Seedaros da

42 43

3-quliani skalis mixedviT Sefasdes. qula 2 niSnavs imas,

rom niSani (Item) Seesabameba pirs, qula 1 nawilobriv Tanx-

vedras gulisxmobs, xolo 0 - niSnis ararsebobas.

raSis (Rush (1812)) mixedviT, fsiqopaTia moicavs moral-

uri normebis uaryofas, pasuxismgeblobis arqonas, agre-

siulobas da (sxvaTa mimarT) windauxedaobas. fsiqopaTi-

ur pirovnebad moiazreba adamiani, romelic aris antiso-

cialuri qcevis, araadekvaturad motivirebuli, naklebi

emociuri kavSirebiT, sinanulis grZnobis armqone, nakle-

bi empaTiis da maRali egoizmis mqone.

fsiqopaTia mWirdo kavSirSia kriminalur qmedebasTan.

am simptomebis mqone adamianebSi recidivis Cadenis riski

ufro maRalia, vidre sxva damnaSaveebSi. qvemoT CamoTvli-

li niSnebidan rac ufro metia saxeze, miT ufro izrdeba

recidivis albaToba. SemdgomSi Camoyalibda e.w. Screening Version (PCL:SV) kriteriumebi. am kriteriumebis swori gam-

oyenebisTvis aucilebelia treningi:

1. zedapiruli (ar aqvs grZnobebis realurad gancdis

unari, msaxiobobs, moCvenebiTia);

2. grandiozuli (gadaWarbebuli warmodgena sakuTar

Tavze, baqia);

3. TaRliTuri (manipulaciuri qmedeba sxvebis Secdoma-

Si Seyvanis mizniT, xSiri tyuili);

4. mounaniebloba (sakuTari araswori qmedebis Sedege-

bis mimarT naklebi TanagrZnoba, qmedebis Sedegebis

mimarT gulgriloba);

5. empaTiis arqona (sxvebis grZnobebis upativcemuloba,

cinizmi, egoizmi);

6. moumzadebloba pasuxismgeblobis sakuTar Tavze

asaRebad (daskvnebis gamotanisTvis saTanado momza-

debis arqona);

7. impulsuroba (refleqsuri qmedeba);

8. qcevis kontrolis nakleboba (advilad gasaRizianebe-

li, agresiis gadalaxvis dabali zRvari);

9. ararealuri cxovrebiseuli miznebi (cxovrobs dRe-

vandeli dRiT, cvalebadi, ararealuri gegmebi);

10. upasuxismgeblo qceva (araloialuroba, ar asrulebs

dapirebebs, saSiSroebas warmoadgens sxvebisTvis);

11. antisocialuri qceva gardatexis asakis dros (mZime

disociaciuri qceva 18 wlis Sesrulebamde);

12. antisocialuri qceva mozardobis asakis dros (Semd-

gom periodSi mZime disociaciuri qceva).

4.3.4. Rasch-isa da Nedopil-is Teoriebi

pirvelad germanulenovan sivrceSi 80-ian wlebSi

gamoCnda kriteriumebis katalogi, romelic klinikurad

damuSavebul risk-faqtorebs da Sefasebis sxvadasxva sa-

xeebs moicavda. es mecnieruli kvleva Schorsch-s ekuTvnoda.

mas SemdgomSi sxva mecnierTa naSromebi mohyva, romlebic

praqtikaSi imdenad gavrcelda, rom ukve aRiarebulia

maTi sizuste. erT-erTi maTgania Rasch-is kvleva, romelic

kriminaluri qcevis prognozs 4 jgufad hyofs: 1) winare

istoria, 2) aqtualuri situacia, 3) uaxlesi ganviTareba

da 4) samomavlo perspeqtiva.

pirveli jgufis farglebSi saqme exeba damnaSavis kri-

minalur istorias, qmedebis gamomwvev mizezebs da situa-

ciur garemoebebs, romlis drosac msxverplisa da damna-

Savis urTierToba, recidivistis pirovneba, fsiqikuri

aSlilobebi da sxva faqtorebi unda gairkves.

44 45

meore etapze mecnieri ikvlevs damnaSavis aqtualur,

amJamindel fsiqikur mdgomareobas.

uaxlesi ganviTarebis etaps ki miekuTvneba is axali mov-

lenebi, mag. sasjelis moxdisas gamovlenili garemobebi,

romlebic aqamde ar iyo cnobili.

xolo bolo, meoTxe etapze unda gairkves piris gaTa-

visuflebis SemTxvevaSi misi mimRebi socialuri garemos

mdgomareoba.

am oTxi sferos dros saqme exeba ara e.w. Checklist-ebs,

aramed Tematur sferoebs, romlebic yovel konkretul

SemTxvevaSi

gamokvleuli unda iqnes da ara - martivad Semoxazuli.

Nedopil-ma, daaxloebiT, msgavsi struqturis mqone si-

stema SeimuSava, romlis drosac erTmaneTisgan gansxvav-

deba Semdegi etapebi: deliqti, predeliqturi pirovnu-

loba, predeliqturi pirovnulobis ganviTareba da mimRe-

bi socialuri garemo. isic miuTiTebs, rom am SemTxvevaSi

saxezea ara kriteriumebis sia, aramed Sinaarsobrivi sa-

kiTxebi.

Nedopil-is risk-faqtorebis integrirebuli CamonaTvali:

I. deliqti1. recidivis statistikuri albaToba;2. deliqtisTvis situaciuri faqtorebis mniSvneloba;3. gardamavali avadmyofobis gavlena;4. pirovnebis fsiqikur aSlilobasTan kavSiri;5. motivaciuri kavSirebis aRqma;

II. anamnezuri monacemebi (winare istoria)1. Zaladobis adreuli gamoyeneba; 2. asaki pirveli Zaladobrivi qmedebis dros; 3. partnioruli urTierTobebis stabiluroba;4. samuSao urTierTobebis stabiluroba;5. alkoholis / narkotikebis gamoyeneba;6. fsiqikuri aSliloba;7. adaptaciis adreuli aSliloba; 8. pirovnebis fsiqikuri aSliloba; 9. saproceso valdebulebebis adreuli darRveva.

III. pirovnebis postdeliqturi ganviTareba (klinikuri monaceme-bi)

1. avadmyofobasTan damokidebuleba da Terapiisadmi motivacia;2. aqamde arsebul kriminalurobasTan TviTkritikuli damokidebuleba;3. fsiqopaTologiuri suraTis gaumjobeseba;4. pro/antisocialuri damokidebuleba cxovrebisadmi;5. emociuri stabiluroba;6. Coping (gamklavebis) unarebis ganviTareba; 7. institucionalizebis Sedegad gamowveuli zianis mimarT winaaRmdegoba.

IV. mimRebi socialuri garemo (riskis monacemebi)1. samuSao;2. sacxovrebeli adgili;3. socialuri urTierTobebi kontrolis funqciiT;4. kontrolis oficialuri SesaZleblobebi;5. msxverplTan kontaqti;6. riskebTan Semxebloba (destabilizaciis xelmSemwyobi gavlenebi);7. Compliance (Terapiul RonisZiebebSi monawileobisTvis mzadyofna);8. stresfaqtorebi (stresis gamomwvevi SesaZlo garemoebebi).

V. PCL-R (Psychopathy-Checklist-Revised) maCvenebeli

46 47

4.3.5. Dittmann-is kriteriumebi

germanulenovan qveynebSi didi yuradReba miipyro

Ditmann-is gansakuTrebiT saSiSi damnaSaveebis recidivis

riskis kriteriumebma (ix. danarTi). am kriteriumebis Se-

saxeb Tavad avtori sisruleze pretenziis gareSe wers,

rom kriteriumebi Seicavs niSnebs, romlebic profesiul

literaturasa da praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba da damtkicebu-

lia. formularSi Sefasebis 12 punqtia, romlebic xelsay-

reli da araxelsayreli prognozis kriteriumebad aris

dasaxelebuli. kriteriumebis gamoyenebis instruqciaSi

ki miTiTebulia, rom aucilebelia, miRweul iqnes indivi-

dualuri prognozi, romelic deliqtsa da pirovnebazea

orientirebuli. Sesabamisad, qvemoT mocemuli kriteri-

umebi yvela SemTxvevaSi ar unda iqnes gamoyenebuli. kri-

teriumebi wminda maTematikurad ar unda daangariSdes,

radganac TiToeul maTgans prognozisTvis gansxvavebu-

li, aragansazRvruli wona aqvs.

specialur komisias xSirad uwevs damnaSaveTa sazo-

gadoebrivi saSiSroebis gansazRvra. profesorma Volker Ditmann-ma Crdilo-dasavleT da centraluri Sveicariis

sasjelaRsrulebiTi konkordatis komisiisTvis samuSao

instrumenti Seqmna, romelic gansakuTrebiT saSiS damna-

SaveTa recidivis risks gansazRvravs. sia Sedgeba Tormeti

kriteriumisgan, saxeldobr:

(1) qmedebisadmi kritikuli analizis unari;

(2) kriminalurobis aqamde arsebuli ganviTareba;

(3) pirovneba, arsebuli fsiqikuri daavadebebi;

(4) damnaSavis damokidebuleba Tavisi daavadebisa Tu

fsiqikuri aSlilobis mimarT;

(5) socialuri kompetencia;

(6) specifikuri konfliqturi qceva;

(7) qmedebis kritikulad Sefasebis unari;

(8) zogadi Terapiis SesaZleblobebi;

(9) Terapiis realuri SesaZleblobebi;

(10) TerapiisTvis mzadyofna;

(11) gaTavisuflebis, sapatimro Svebulebis an sasje-

lis Semsubuqebis SemTxvevaSi damnaSavis mimRebi so-

cialuri sfero;

(12) qmedebis Semdgomi ganviTareba.

es informacia damnaSavis Sesaxeb arsebuli Semdegi wy-

aroebidan unda iqnes Seswavlili: damnaSavis piradi saqme;

arsebuli bio-fsiqo-socialuri daskvnebi; gamoZiebisa da

sasamarTlo procebis oqmebi; ganaCenebi; Terapiis Sesaxeb

moxsenebebi; socialuri dawesebulebebis dokumentebi

da a.S., magram arsebobs kriteriumebi, rodesac profe-

sionalTan konsultaciaa saWiro. Esenia: (3) damnaSavis pi-

rovneba, arsebuli fsiqologiuri aSlilobebi; (8) Tera-

piis zogadi SesaZleblobebi; (9) Terapiis realuri SesaZ-

leblobebi da (10) TerapiisTvis mzadyofna. am kriteri-

umebis gansazRvrisas forenzuli fsiqiatris codna unda

iyos gamoyenebuli.

48 49

mexuTe Tavi

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis kriteriumebi

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis kriteriumebis, risk-

faqtorebis kriminologiuri analizisTvis aucilebelia,

davadginoT, konkretulad romel risk-faqtorebs iTva-

liswinebs saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba pirobiT vadamde

gaTavisuflebis msurveli msjavrdebulebisTvis.

5.1. sakanonmdeblo regulireba

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis 2003 wlis reko-

mendaciiT „pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb“,6 pi-

robiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis kriteriumebi naTeli da

konkretuli unda iyos. Aaseve, isini unda iyos realisturi

da iTvaliswinebdes patimris pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs,

socialur da ekonomikur garemoebebs [rogorc qveynis,

aseve Tavad patimris].

„saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iu-

ridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros adgilobrivi

sabWoebis raodenobis, teritoriuli gansjadobis da ad-

gilobrivi sabWos tipuri debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“

saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiu-

li daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris 2010 wlis 28 oqtombris

#151-e brZanebis me-11 da me-12 muxlebis Tanaxmad, adgilo-

brivi sabWo msjavrdebulis pirobiT vadamde gaTavisu-

flebis dros xelmZRvanelobs dadgenili Sefasebis kri-

teriumebiT. kerZod, Sefasebis kriteriumebia:

6 miRebulia ministrTa komitetis mier 2003 wlis 24 seqtembers ministrTa moadgileebis 853-e Sexvedraze.

a) danaSaulis xasiaTi – aRniSnuli kriteriumis Sefa-

sebisas yuradReba unda mieqces msjavrdebulis mier

Cadenili danaSaulis simZimes, ra garemoebaSi da ra

viTarebaSi Caidina danaSauli da a.S.;

b) msjavrdebulis qceva sasjelis moxdis periodSi (ga-

moyenebuli disciplinuri, administraciuli da wa-

xalisebis RonisZiebebi) – aRniSnuli kriteriumis

Sefasebisas yuradReba unda mieqces sasjelis moxdis

periodSi msjavrdebulis mimarT ramdeni da ra saxis

disciplinuri, administraciuli da wamaxalisebeli

RonisZiebebi iqna gamoyenebuli, agreTve konkretu-

lad ra saxis qmedebis gamo iqna aseTi gadawyvetileba

miRebuli;

g) msjavrdebulis mier warsulSi danaSaulis Cadenis

faqtebi, nasamarTloba – aRniSnuli kriteriumis

Sefasebisas yuradReba unda mieqces, Tu ra saxis, ra

simZimis danaSaulebisTvis da ramdenjer iyo war-

sulSi nasamarTlevi msjavrdebuli;

d) ojaxuri pirobebi – aRniSnuli kriteriumis Sefa-

sebisas yuradReba unda mieqces msjavrdebulis da-

mokidebulebas ojaxis wevrebTan, hyavs Tu ara mci-

rewlovani Svilebi, ojaxis sxva Sromisuunaro wevre-

bi, axlo naTesavebis materialuri mdgomareoba da

sxv.;

e) msjavrdebulis pirovneba – aRniSnuli kriteriumis

Sefasebisas yuradReba unda mieqces msjavrdebulis

damokidebulebas Cadenil danaSaulTan, msjavrde-

bulis damokidebulebas patimrobis/Tavisuflebis

aRkveTis dawesebulebis (SemdgomSi – dawesebuleba)

administraciasTan da sxva msjavrdebulebTan, agre-

siuloba da sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi, rac pirov-

nebis Sefasebis SesaZleblobas iZleva.

50 51

5.2. calkeuli kriteriumebis kriminologiuri analizi

„pirovnebis fsiqologia adamians, mTel mis mravalfe-

rovnebas da ganumeoreblobas moicavs da adamianis qcevis

did sirTules aRiarebs, iseve rogorc imas, rom adamiane-

bi bevri ramiT hgvanan erTmaneTs da, amasTanave, gansxvav-

debian erTmaneTisgan. am rTul labirinTSi, zogjer qaos-

Si, pirovnebis mkvlevarebi da Teoretikosebi kanonzomie-

rebebisa da gasagebi kavSirebis dadgenas cdiloben“.7

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis kriteriumebi Sesa-

Zlebelia, swored logikuri kanonzomierebisa da kavSire-

bis saSualebiT Camoyalibdes. ganvlili cxovrebis msga-

vsebis miuxedavad, adamianTa qceva sxvadasxvagvaria, ami-

tom kanonzomierebis Zieba metad rTulia.

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis risk-faqtorebis

kriminologiuri analizi imis dadgenas emsaxureba, sazo-

gadoeba ramdenad aris ganmeorebiTi danaSaulis Cadenis

riskis qveS im konkretuli damnaSavisgan, romelic piro-

biT vadamde gaTavisufldeba.

5.2.1. danaSaulis xasiaTi

saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuri-

diuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris 2010 wlis 28 oqtom-

bris #151-e brZanebis Tanaxmad, danaSaulis xasiaTis dros

yuradReba unda gamaxvildes: a) Cadenili danaSaulis sim-

Zimeze; b) garemoebebsa da viTarebaze, romlis drosac da-

naSauli iqna Cadenili.

• Cadenili danaSaulis simZime

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12 muxli danaSaulis

kategoriebis simZimes Tavisuflebis aRkveTis maqsimal-

7 baliaSvili, m., 2012. gv. 7.

uri vadis mixedviT adgens. am muxlis Tanaxmad, “danaSau-

li sami kategoriisaa: a) naklebad mZime danaSauli; b) mZime

danaSauli; g) gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli. naklebad

mZimea iseTi ganzraxi an gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSauli,

romlis CadenisTvis am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli maq-

simaluri sasjeli ar aRemateba xuTi wliT Tavisuflebis

aRkveTas. mZimea iseTi ganzraxi danaSauli, romlis Ca-

denisTvis am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli maqsimaluri

sasjeli ar aRemateba aTi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas,

agreTve gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSauli, romlis Cad-

enisTvis am kodeqsiT sasjelis saxiT gaTvaliswinebulia

Tavisuflebis aRkveTa xuT welze meti vadiT. gansakuTre-

biT mZimea iseTi ganzraxi danaSauli, romlis CadenisTvis

am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia sasjelis saxiT Tavisu-

flebis aRkveTa aT welze meti vadiT an uvado Tavisu-

flebis aRkveTa”.sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12 muxli - Tavisu-

flebis aRkveTis maqsimaluri vadis saSualebiT danaSau-

lis simZimis Sefaseba - kriminologiuri TvalsazrisiT

ver akmayofilebs Cadenili danaSaulis simZimis dadgenas.

sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis konkretuli muxlis sanqcia maRalia, Tumca

qmedebis kriminaluri xasiaTi ar aris saSiSroebis matare-

beli. magaliTad, arasrulwlovanis mier jgufurad qur-

dobis Cadena iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 4-dan

7 wlamde da mZime danaSaulis kategorias ganekuTvneba.

am SemTxvevaSi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi damamZimebel

faqtorad miiCnevs danaSaulis jgufurad Cadenas, ris

gamoc mZimdeba danaSaulis xasiaTi. Tumca, oficialuri

statistikuri monacemebiT, mozardebis mier danaSaulTa

52 53

45-50% Cadenilia swored jgufurad, vinaidan maT saku-

Tari megobrebis winaSe, maT TvalSi surT aRiarebis mop-

oveba. maT surT, rom samegobro wreSi vinmem mohyves “maTi

saqmeni sagmironia”. amitom isini danaSauls, ZiriTadad,

jgufurad Cadian. jgufuroba SesaZlebelia, danaSaulis

simZimes Zaladobrivi xasiaTis danaSaulis dros ganap-

irobebdes (yaCaRoba, gaupatiureba, sxeulis dazianeba da

a.S.).

daskvnis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom Cadenili danaSaulis

simZimis gansazRvra sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12

muxliT, ar Seesabameba danaSaulis kriminologiurad,

sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebiT dadgenil simZimes. Sesabami-

sad, mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12 muxliT Se-

faseba danaSaulis simZimeze naTel suraTs ver mogvcems;

• danaSaulis Cadenis garemoeba da viTareba

danaSaulis Cadenis garemoebis, viTarebis da pirobebis

Seswavla mniSvnelovania imis dasadgenad, Tu ra kriminal-

uri energiis matarebelia damnaSave. Tu damnaSavem dana-

Sauli winaswar dagegma, danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRi moipo-

va, maSin misi kriminaluri energia ufro maRalia, vidre im

adamianisa, romelmac danaSauli spontanurad an social-

ur-ekonomikuri problemebidan gamomdinare Caidina.

danaSaulis Cadena miwisZvris, wyaldidobis, stiqiuri

ubedurebis SemTxvevis gamoyenebiT unda CaiTvalos mZime

garemoebad.

am kriteriumis Sefasebisas aseve mniSvnelovania imis

dadgena, Tu rogori urTierToba hqonda damnaSave pirs

danaSaulis Cadenis dros dazaralebulTan. sainteresoa

im sakiTxis garkveva, miayena Tu ara damnaSavem dazara-

lebuls imaze meti tkivili, vidre aucilebeli iyo dana-

Saulis sisruleSi mosayvanad. mniSvnelovania aseve imis

garkveva, danaSaulis Cadenis dros msxverplis mxridan

damnaSavis provocirebas xom ar hqonda adgili. viqtimo-

logia (abdel fatahis tipologia) icnobs damnaSavis msx-

verplis mier provocirebis sam-oTx saxes: damnaSavis aq-

tiuri provokacia; damnaSavis pasiuri provokacia; Tanx-

mobis mqone msxverpli; Tanxmobis armqone msxverpli. msx-

verplis mier damnaSavis provocirebis sakiTxis garkve-

vam xeli unda Seuwyos damnaSavis kriminaluri energiis

srulyofilad Sefasebas.

aseve mniSvnelovania imis garkveva, xom ar iyo damnaSave

danaSaulis Cadenis dros alkoholis an narkotikis zemo-

qmedebis qveS. adamianis mier Zaladobrivi xasiaTis dana-

Saulis Cadenas xSirad ganapirobebs alkoholuri Troba.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqme ara gvaqvs qronikul alkohol-

izmTan, SesaZlebelia, Zaladobrivi xasiaTis danaSaulis

alkoholis zemoqmedebis qveS Cadena mZime garemoebad ar

iqnes miCneuli.

5.2.2. msjavrdebulis qceva sasjelis moxdis periodSi

mocemuli kriteriumis ganxilvisas yuradReba unda mi-

eqces msjavrdebulis qcevas sasjelaRsrulebiT dawese-

bulebaSi, mis mimarT gamoyenebul disciplinur, adminis-

traciul da wamaxalisebel RonisZiebebs.

msjavrdebulis mimarT gamoyenebuli disciplinuri,

administraciuli da wamaxalisebeli RonisZiebebi gaT-

valiswinebulia saqarTvelos kanoniT “patimrobis kodeq-

si” da pedagogiuri mizniT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.

54 55

• disciplinuri RonisZiebebi da administraciuli

patimroba

patimrobis kodeqsis me-80 muxli Seicavs konkretulad

im qmedebebis CamonaTvals, romelTa gamoc SesaZlebelia,

msjavrdebuls disciplinuri RonisZiebebi daekisros. aR-

niSnuli CamonaTvali amomwuravad aris mocemuli, magram

misi bolo punqti sxva qmedebebis gaTvaliswinebis SesaZ-

leblobas iZleva.

msjavrdebulis mimarT administraciuli patimrobis

gamoyenebis sakiTxi regulirdeba “patimrobis kodeqsis”

me-15 TavSi. patimrobis kodeqsis 90-e muxlis mixedviT,

Tu msjavrdebulma Caidina am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli

disciplinuri darRveva, mas SesaZlebelia, daekisros ad-

ministraciuli patimroba araumetes 60 dRe-Ramis vadiT.8

rogorc disciplinuri saxdeli, ise administraciuli

patimroba gamoiyeneba disciplinuri darRvevis SemTx-

vevaSi. amitom am kriteriumis dros mniSvnelovania yur-

adRebis gamaxvileba swored disciplinur gadacdomebze.

patimrobis kodeqsis me-80 muxlis zogierTi qvepunqti

Seicavs cixis pirobebisTvis Tanmdev aspeqtebs, msjavr-

debulTa qcevis wesebs, romlebic normalurad unda CaiT-

valos da disciplinur darRvevad konkretuli qmedebis

srulyofilad Seswavlis Semdeg unda iyos miCneuli. maga-

liTad, msjavrdebulis mier erTi saknidan meore sakanSi

informaciis miwodeba. informaciis gadacemis es meTodi

normaluria im mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelSic

msjavrdebulebi imyofebian da aprobirebulia msoflios

da evropis yvela cixeSi. disciplinurad unda isjebodes

8 patimrobis kodeqsis 92-e muxlis mixedviT, administraciuli patimrobis Sefardebis dros gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes qmedebis marTlsawinaaRmdegobis da piris braleulobis sakiTxic.

ara informaciis miwodeba, aramed safrTxis Semcveli in-

formaciis miwodeba. iseTi informaciis miwodeba, rome-

lic safrTxes ar Seicavs, darRvevad SesaZlebelia, Ramis

saaTebSi CaiTvalos.

vfiqrobT, problemuria me-80 muxlis m) qvepunqtis

Canaweri. aRniSnuli normis mixedviT, disciplinur dar-

Rvevad miiCneva: “dawesebulebis debulebis, dawesebule-

baSi dadgenili dRis ganrigisa da saqarTvelos kanonmde-

blobiT dadgenili sxva normebis darRveva“.

aRniSnuli norma Zalian farTod aris Camoyalibebuli,

interpretaciis saSualebas da cixis personalis mxri-

dan qmedebis disciplinur darRvevad Sefasebis da dis-

ciplinuri saxdelis dakisrebis borotad gamoyenebis

SesaZleblobas iZleva. mocemuli norma disciplinur

pasuxismgeblobas unda iTvaliswinebdes dawesebulebis

debulebis, dawesebulebaSi dadgenili dRis ganrigisa da

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili sxva normebis

uxeSi an araerTjeradi darRvevisTvis.

patimrobis kodeqsis 82-e muxlis pirveli nawili Sei-

cavs disciplinuri saxdelebis CamonaTvals. disciplin-

uri saxdelebia: a) gafrTxileba; b) sayveduri; g) muSaobis

uflebis SezRudva araumetes 6 Tvis vadiT; d) nebadarTu-

li nivTebiT sargeblobis uflebis SezRudva araumetes

6 Tvis vadiT; e) amanaTisa da gzavnilis miRebis SezRud-

va araumetes 6 Tvis vadiT; v) saknis tipis sacxovrebel

sadgomSi gadayvana 6 Tvemde vadiT; z) samartoo sakanSi

moTavseba 20 dRemde vadiT.

aRniSnuli CamonaTvali gakeTebulia saxdelis simkac-

ris mixedviT.

kanonmdebeli am kriteriumis ganxilvis dros yuradRe-

56 57

bas amaxvilebs or aspeqtze - msjavrdebulis mimarT gamoy-

enebul RonisZiebaTa raodenobasa da saxeze.

vfiqrobT, disciplinuri saxdelis SemTxvevaSi gaTval-

iswinebuli unda iyos ara saxdelebis raodenoba an simk-

acre, aramed qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba. Sesa-

Zlebelia, ori an sami gafrTxilebis mqone msjavrdebuli

ar iyos sazogadoebisTvis iseTi safrTxis Semcveli, ro-

gorc mkacri disciplinuri saxdeldadebuli, adminis-

traciuli patimrobamisjili piri, an piriqiT. Aaqac, upir-

veles yovlisa, gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes Cadenili ga-

dacdomis xasiaTi, cixis zogadi usafrTxoebis darRvevis

saSiSroeba, damrRvevis motivi, wamqezebel pirTa arsebo-

ba, msjavrdebulis urTierToba im konkretul zedamxed-

velTan, romelmac disciplinuri RonisZiebis gamoyeneba

iTxova da a.S.

• waxalisebis RonisZiebebi

waxalisebis RonisZiebebis CamonaTvali da gamoyenebis

wesi, ZiriTadad, mocemulia “patimrobis kodeqsis” 63 da

66 muxlebSi.

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis mxridan waxalise-

bis RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba miCneul unda iqnes msjavr-

debulis gamosworebis erT-erT, magram ara erTaderT

winapirobad. Tu msjavrdebuli sistematurad emorCileba

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis SinaganawesiT dadge-

nili normebs, iRebs waxalisebis RonisZibebs, unda vivar-

audoT, rom didi albaTobiT, igi pirobiT vadamde gaTa-

visuflebis SemTxvevaSi aseve daemorCileba cixis gareT

damkvidrebul qcevis kanonier wesebs.

problemuria sakiTxi, roca msjavrdebulis mimarT

Tanabrad an zogadad gamoyenebuli iyo rogorc disci-

plinuri, ise waxalisebis RonisZiebebi. aseT dros yur-

adReba unda mieqces msjavrdebulis mimarT gamoyenebu-

li RonisZiebebis TariRs (ganmsazRvrelia, Tu romeli

RonisZieba da ramdenjer iqna gamoyenebuli msjavrdebu-

lis pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis ganxilvis moment-

Tan axlo drois monakveTSi) da disciplinuri qmedebis

simZimes.

5.2.3. msjavrdebulis mier warsulSi danaSaulis Cadena

/ nasamarTloba

mocemuli kriteriumebis farglebSi unda gairkves,

msjavrdebuli warsulSi ra saxis, ra simZimis danaSaule-

bisTvis da ramdenjer iyo nasamarTlevi.

msjavrdebulis mier warsulSi danaSaulis Cadenis pi-

robiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis konteqstSi Sefaseba me-

tad rTuli sakiTxia. pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba

msjavrdebulis momavlisken aris mimarTuli, xolo war-

sulSi danaSaulis Cadena warsulia, risTvisac msjavrde-

bulma konkretuli sasjeli ukve moixada. am kriteriumis

ganxilvis dros mxolod iseT SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli

warsulSi danaSaulis Cadenis uaryofiTad Sefaseba, Tu

warsulis danaSaulma kidev SeiZleba iqonios gavlena ms-

javrdebulis qcevaze. Tu damnaSavem sasjeli moixada, da-

zaralebuls Seurigda, sakuTar ukanono qmedebas mixvda,

warsulis danaSaulma msjavrdebulze uaryofiTi gavlena

ar unda iqonios.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, nasamarTloba

garkveuli vadis gasvlis Semdeg qarwyldeba da amis Sem-

deg aRar miiReba mxedvelobaSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-

58 59

suxismgeblobis, danaSaulis kvalifikaciisa da sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZiebis gadawyvetisas.

gaqarwylebis garda, kanonmdebeli xmarobs aseve termins

- nasamarTlobis moxsna. moxsna ufro aqtiur moqmedebas

gulisxmobs da ar aris dakavSirebuli drois gasvlasTan.

imisTvis, rom msjavrdebuls nasamarTloba moexsnas, uf-

lebamosilma organom amis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba vadam-

de unda miiRos. miuxedavad imisa, nasamarTloba gaqarwyl-

deba Tu moixsneba, zemoT miTiTebuli Sedegi orive SemTx-

vevaSi erTnairia _ nasamarTloba sisxlissamarTlebrivi

mniSvnelobiT mxedvelobaSi aRar miiReba. saqarTvelos

uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2002 wlis #202 ganCinebis Tanaxmad,

„წინანდელი ნასამართლობა არ არის მსჯავრდებულის პირობით ვადამდე გათავისუფლების შემზღუდავი გარემოება“.

Tumca konkretuli sakiTxis gadawyvetis, nasamarT-

lobis, rogorc risk-faqtoris Sefasebis dros saqme ara

gvaqvs sisxlissamarTlebrivi sakiTxis gadawyvetasTan, es

ufro kriminologiur-sociologiuri sakiTxia, romlis

mizania sazogadoebis dacva danaSaulisgan.

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos es ganCineba nasa-

marTlobis wminda sisxlissamarTlebriv analizs axdens.

Tumca nasamarTlobis kriminologiuri analizi da mniSv-

neloba ufro farToa. nasamarTlobis kriminologiur ana-

lizs ainteresebs, Tu ramdenad SeiZleba, warsulis dana-

Saulebriv qmedebas sazogadoebrivi wesrigis darRvevaSi

garkveuli zemoqmedeba gaaCndes. amitom pirobiT vadamde

gaTavisuflebis dros nasamarTlobis sakiTxis ganxilva

mniSvnelovania piris kriminaluri energiis dasadgenad.

mxolod warsulis danaSaulis an nasamarTlobis gamo

msjavrdebulisTvis pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebaze

uaris Tqmam SesaZlebelia, misi stigmatizacia gamoiwvios.

stigmatizaciis SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebulis sazogadoeba-

Si resocializaciis Sansebi sagrZnoblad mcirdeba. „stig-

ma aris fizikuri an socialuri Tviseba, niSani, romelic

axdens aqtoris an jgufis socialuri identobis devalva-

cias da diskreditacias. stigma SeiZleba, iseTi socialu-

ri maxasiaTebeli iyos, rogoricaa individis kriminaluri

reputacia“.9 nasamarTlevad stigmatizirebul msjavrde-

buls sazogadoebaSi dabruneba da resocializacia uWirs.

mocemuli kriteriumis ganxilvisas ganmxilvel pirebs

sifrTxile marTebT, raTa adre nasamarTlevi msjavrde-

bulis damnaSaved da, Sesabamisad, sazogadoebisTvis saSi-

Sad stigmatizacia ar moaxdinon. adre Cadenili danaSau-

lebrivi qmedebis/nasamarTlobis gaTvaliswineba SeiZle-

ba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dasturdeba, rom msjavrde-

bulis pirovneba da mis mier warsulSi Cadenili qmedeba

momavalSi sazogadoebriv saSiSroebaze gavlenas iqoniebs.

5.2.4. msjavrdebulis ojaxuri pirobebi

msjavrdebulis ojaxuri pirobebis Sefasebis dros ka-

nonmdebeli miiCnevs, rom yuradReba aucileblad unda

gamaxvildes sam aspeqtze: 1) msjavrdebulis damokidebu-

leba ojaxis wevrebTan; 2) hyavs Tu ara mas mcirewlovani

Svilebi an ojaxis sxva Sromisuunaro wevrebi; da 3) rogo-

ria misi axlo naTesavebis materialuri mdgomareoba. aR-

niSnuli CamonaTvali sruli ar aris da SesaZlebelia, pi-

robiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis dros mxedvelobaSi iqnes

miRebuli sxva garemoebebic, romlebic dadebiT an uaryo-

fiT gavlenas moaxdens gadawyvetilebis miRebaze. ganvixi-

loT TiToeuli maTgani.

9 kodua, e. (red.), 2004. gv. 290-291.

60 61

• msjavrdebulis damokidebuleba ojaxis wevrebTan

imisaTvis, rom ojaxis wevrebTan msjavrdebulis damo-

kidebulebis mniSvnelobaze visaubroT, pirvel rigSi, au-

cilebelia, gavigoT, ra socialuri movlenaa Tavad ojaxi?

ojaxi, rogorc cnobierad organizebuli stabiluri

socialuri jgufi, mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs indi-

vidis Camoyalibebasa da misi qcevis kontrolSi. ojaxis

instituti SesaZlebelia, Seswavlil iqnes, rogorc ped-

agogiur-aRmzrdelobiTi da socialur-higienuri, aseve

samarTlebriv-kriminologiuri kuTxiT. swored es uka-

nasknelia Cveni Seswavlis uSualo sagani. Aadamiani ojaxSi

unda swavlobdes samarTlebriv (zneobriv) normebs, ramac

Tavidan unda agvacilos danaSauli.

ojaxis wevrebTan msjavrdebulis damokidebulebis

Sesaxeb sainteresoa hirSis kontrolis Teoria. hirSis

Tanaxmad, adamianis sxva adamianebTan (arakriminalebTan)

emociuri kavSiri misi gakriminalebisgan dacvis Tvalsaz-

risiT erTgvar saSualebas warmoadgens. amitom msjavrde-

bulis ojaxis Seswavlis dros mniSvnelovania, yuradReba

mieqces ori sakiTxis garkvevas: 1) rogoria msjavrdebu-

lis mWidro emociuri urTierToba ojaxis wevrebTan da 2)

rogori warsulis (kriminaluri Tu arakriminaluri) mqo-

neni arian Tavad ojaxis is wevrebi, romelTanac msjavrde-

buli momavalSi apirebs urTierTobas.

msjavrdebulis ojaxis wevrebTan damokidebulebis

dros gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes erTi momenti. stati-

stikuri monacemebis mixedviT, msjavrdebulTa 95% mama-

kacia. bolo wlebis kriminologiuri kvlevebi adasturebs

mamebis mniSvnelovan rols mozardis arakriminalad Ca-

moyalibebis sakiTxSi. damnaSave arasrulwlovani biWebis

didi umravlesoba arasrulyofili ojaxebidan aris: amg-

var ojaxebSi xSirad mamebi garkveuli mizezebis gamo ar

monawileoben biWebis aRzrdis procesSi. umamod gazrda

kanondarRvevisken bavSvebis midrekilebas aZlierebs da

maT Zaladobis kidev ufro mZafr survils uviTarebs.

sociologi entoni gidensi miiCnevs, rom mamis yola au-

cilebelia, Tundac cudis: „sjobs, gyavdes mama, romelic

cudi samsaxuridan Sin dabrundeba da televizoris win

luds dalevs, vidre saerTod ar gyavdes igi“.10 sazogado-

ebebSi, sadac bavSvebi dedebis garemocvaSi izrdebian an

mamebi SvilebTan nakleb dros atareben, Svilebi (vaJebi,

mamakacebi) mogvianebiT xSirad mimarTaven fizikur Za-

ladobas, vidre sazogadoebebSi, sadac mamebi bavSvebTan

met dros atareben. aRniSnuli, savaraudod, gamowveulia

umamobis an mamis arasakmarisi monawileobis gamo Tavda-

jerebulobis naklebobiT. swored amitom cdiloben isini,

zedmetad mamakacurad moiqcnen, rasac maTi mxridan Zala-

dobis xSiri gamoyeneba mosdevs.

msjavrdebuli mamebis pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufle-

bis dros gasaTvaliswinebeli unda iyos misi, rogorc ma-

mis, socialuri roli. igi SesaZloa, kargi mama ar iyos, ma-

gram Tavisi SvilisTvis mainc mniSvnelovani rolis Sesru-

leba SeuZlia.

• mcirewlovani Svilebis an Sromisuunaro ojaxis

wevrebis yola

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis dros yuradReba unda

mieqces msjavrdebulis ojaxSi mcirewlovnebis da Sromi-

suunaro adamianebis arsebobas. mocemuli piroba pirdapir

kavSirSia ojaxis ekonomikur-socialuri mdgomareobis ga-

TvaliswinebasTan. kanonmdebeli pirdapir miuTiTebs mxo-10 gidensi e., 2011. gv. 196.

62 63

lod mcirewlovan an Sromisuunaro ojaxis wevrebze. samo-

qalaqo kodeqsis 12 muxlis Tanaxmad, mcirewlovan pireb-

Si igulisxmebian 7 wlamde asakis bavSvebi, Sromisuunaro

ojaxis wevrebSi ki adamianebi, romelTac sxeulis fiziku-

ri Tu fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gamo muSaoba ar SeuZliaT.

sakiTxavia, rogor unda gadawydes im msjavrdebulebis

sakiTxi, romlebsac 7-18 wlamde asakis bavSvebi hyavT. pi-

robiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas ar

SeiZleba, komisia mcirewlovnebis an Sromisuunarobis

cnebebiT Semoifarglos da aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebul

iqnes ojaxis ekonomikur-socialuri mdgomareoba da msja-

vrdebulis roli ojaxis ekonomikur-socialuri mdgoma-

reobis gaumjobesebaSi.

msjavrdebuli deda, romelmac pirobiT vadamde gaTavi-

suflebisTvis gankuTvnili sasjeli moixada da romelsac

mcirewlovani Svil(eb)i hyavs, avtomaturad unda gaTavi-

sufldes. dedis da Svilis biologiuri, emociuri mijaW-

vuloba da kavSiri moiTxovs, rom maTi erTmaneTisgan da-

cilebis drois monakveTi rac SeiZleba mokle iyos, raTa

misma mcirewlovanma Svilma mZime fsiqikuri tramva ar ga-

nicados.

• axlo naTesavebis materialuri mdgomareoba

oficialuri statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad, msja-

vrdebulTa 75-80% danaSaulis Cadenis dros umuSevaria.

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi msjavrde-

buls SesaZloa, umuSevroba elodes, rac mis materialur

mdgomareobas amZimebs. amitom axlo naTesavis myar ekono-

mikur mdgomareobas SeiZleba, is upiratesoba hqondes, rom

axlo naTesavi msjavrdebuls pirobiT vadamde gaTavisu-

flebis Semdeg ekonomikuri xasiaTis problemebis mogva-

rebaSi daexmaros. es aris axlo naTesavis mxridan erTgvari

Tavdebobis msgavsi mdgomareoba, roca igi (axlo naTesavi)

msjavrdebuls ekonomikuri xasiaTis daxmarebis (muSaobis

dawyebis) Tavdebad dudgeba.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mesame muxlis

mixedviT, “axlo naTesavi aris mSobeli, Svilad amyvani,

Svili, Svilobili, papa, bebia, SviliSvili, da, Zma, meuRle

(maT Soris, ganqorwinebuli)”. pirobiT vadamde gaTavisu-

flebis kanonmdebloba, Tavisi miznidan11 gamomdinare, vfi-

qrobT, “axlo naTesavis” cnebis qveS axlo naTesavTa far-

To wres moiazrebs. axlo naTesavis ZiriTadi datvirTva,

kanonmdeblis TvalsazrisiT, msjavrdebulis daxmarebaze

modis. kanonmdebeli ar zRudavs daxmarebas, Tundac So-

reuli axlo naTesavis mxridan.

axlo naTesavis materialuri mdgomareobis erT-erTi

aspeqti SeiZleba, ojaxis wevris ekonomikuri Semosavali

iyos. Tu msjavrdebulis ojaxis wevrs myari ekonomikuri

Semosavali aqvs, unda vivaraudoT, rom msjavrdebuls pi-

robiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis pirvel etapze ar Seeqmneba

ekonomikuri xasiaTis problemebi.

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis 2003 wlis rekomen-

daciebi „pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb“, iseT

SemTxvevebSi, rodesac patimars materialurad SeZlebuli

axlo naTesavebi ara hyavs, saxelmwifos miuTiTebs sakuTar

valdebulebaze, izrunos Tavis moqalaqeze. mag. Tu msja-

vrdebuls ara aqvs mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili, es ar

SeiZleba, pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebaze uaris Tqmis

an gadavadebis safuZveli gaxdes. saxelmwifo valdebulia,

aseTi patimari droebiTi sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyos.11 pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis kanonmdeblobis mizania, daicvas sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoeba da xeli Seuwyos msjavrdebulis resocializacias.

64 65

5.2.5. msjavrdebulis pirovneba

aRniSnuli kriteriumi pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufle-

bis dros metad mniSvnelovania. yvela zemoT aRwerili da

gaanalizebuli kriteriumi arapirdapir kavSirSia msja-

vrdebulTan da misi sociumis an saqcielis Sefasebas exe-

ba. msjavrdebulis pirovnebis dros ki saubaria msjavr-

debulis pirad damokidebulebaze, rogorc danaSaulTan,

aseve cixis administraciasTan, msjavrdebulebTan, mis

agresiulobis doneze da a.S. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maT-

gani cal-calke.

• msjavrdebulis damokidebuleba danaSaulTan

msjavrdebulis danaSaulisadmi damokidebulebiT unda

gairkves, Tu rogor afasebs msjavrdebuli sazogadoe-

bisTvis saSiS Tavis saqciels. Tu igi Cadenil danaSauls

gulwrfelad inaniebs da mzad aris, amaze moraluri pasu-

xismgebloba (mag. dazaralebulisTvis bodiSis moxda we-

rilobiT an zepirad) aiRos, maSin arsebobs imis albaToba,

rom man sazogadoebrivi wesrigi aRar daarRvios.

msjavrdebulis danaSaulisadmi damokidebulebis erT

-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqtia damokidebuleba dazarale-

bulTan. ras da rogor fiqrobs damnaSave dazaralebulis

Sesaxeb? Tu damnaSave fiqrobs, rom danaSaulis Cadena da-

zaralebulis mizeziT, “braleulobiT” moxda, maSin unda

vivaraudoT, rom igi Cadenil danaSauls Sinagani rwmeniT

ar inaniebs da misi mizani mxolod pirobiT vadamde gaTavi-

suflebis komisiis SecdomaSi Seyvanaa.

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis dros mniSvnelova-

nia damnaSavis da dazaralebulis urTierTobis garkveva.

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebiT xeli ar unda Seewyos

SurisZiebis niadagze axali danaSaulis Cadenas. amitom

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebamde aucilebelia damna-

Savesa da dazaralebuls Soris arsebuli daZabuli ur-

TierTobis gaanalizeba da mxolod amis Semdeg unda iqnes

miRebuli gadawyvetileba pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufle-

bis Sesaxeb.

• msjavrdebulis damokidebuleba dawesebulebis

administraciasTan

msjavrdebulis damokidebuleba dawesebulebis admi-

nistraciasTan axlos dgas zemoT ganxilul, disciplinu-

ri da waxalisebis RonisZiebebis sakiTxTan. Tu msjavrde-

buli dawesebulebis administraciasTan TanamSromlobs,

dawesebulebis normebs emorCileba, maSin mis mier zogad-

samarTlebrivi normebis dacvis albaToba pirobiT vadam-

de gaTavisuflebis dros izrdeba. xolo Tu msjavrdebu-

li dawesebulebis administracias, rogorc mowinaaRmde-

ge mxares, ise uyurebs, didia imis albaToba, rom man cixis

pirobebSi resocializacia ver SeZlos.

• msjavrdebulis damokidebuleba sxva

msjavrdebulebTan

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis dros sainteresoa

aseve imis garkveva, Tu ra urTierToba hqonda patimars

TanamesakneebTan da vin iyvnen misi megobrebi cixeSi. sxva

msjavrdebulebTan urTierTobis garkveviT SesaZlebelia

imis dadgena, Tu rogori socialuri urTierTobebis kom-

petenciebi gaaCnia msjavrdebuls. rac Seexeba imis garkve-

vas, Tu vin iyvnen misi megobrebi, amiT SesaZlebelia imis

dadgena, Tu rogoria misi kriminaluri energiis done. Tu

mas urTierToba aqvs maRali kriminaluri energiis mqone

sxva msjavrdebulebTan da maTi zegavlenis qveS eqceva, an

cixis kriminalur subkulturas ekuTvnis, an sxva patimre-

66 67

bs Cagravs, maSin, vfiqrobT, ganmeorebiTi danaSaulis

riski izrdeba.

• msjavrdebulis agresiuloba

cixes, rogorc totalur institucias, msjavrdebulis-

Tvis garkveuli problemebi da stresi yovelTvis Tan axla-

vs. amas emateba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT

gaTvaliswinebul sasjelTa metad mkacri da xisti siste-

ma, ris gamoc msjavrdebulTa, daaxloebiT, 60 procents

misjili aqvs Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 5 welze meti vadiT.

kriminologiuri TvalsazrisiT, maRali zomis Tavisu-

flebis aRkveTa msjavrdebulis resocializaciis momta-

ni ar aris. gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebidan moyolebuli,

ganviTarebuli evropuli saxelmwifoebis kriminolo-

gia aRiarebs, rom msubuqi xasiaTis sasjels ufro Seu-

Zlia pirovnebis qcevis gaumjobeseba, vidre mkacri saxis

sasjelebs, vinaidan grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa

SeiZleba, msjavrdebulSi frustraciis gamomwvev mizezad

mogvevlinos, rac xels uSlis mis (sazogadoebaSi) reso-

cializacias.

frustracia da momavlisadmi imedgacrueba imis gamo,

rom SeiZleba, cxovrebis saukeTeso wlebi cixeSi gaata-

ros, msjavrdebuls agresias hgvris (frustracia - agre-

siis Teoria), rac arTulebs mis urTierTobas cixis per-

sonalTan da/an sxva msjavrdebulebTan.

msjavrdebulSi agresiulobis arseboba kulturaSi

aRiarebuli urTierTobebis farglebSi unda Sefasdes.

agresiuli qcevis kontrolis erT-erT saSualebas an-

ti-agresiuulobis treningi warmoadgens, romlis cixis

pirobebSi ganxorcieleba xels Seuwyobs msjavrdebulSi

agresiuli qcevis kontrols.

• msjavrdebulis pirovnebis sxva mniSvnelovani

sakiTxebi

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis dros gaTvaliswine-

buli unda iqnes msjavrdebulis pirovnebis sxva iseTi

sakiTxebi, romlebsac SeiZleba, mniSvnelovani roli hqon-

deT sazogadoebis usafrTxoebisa da patimrisadmi huma-

nurad mopyrobisTvis. aseTi sakiTxebia/kriteriumebia:

profesiuli unar-Cvevebis qona, sqesi, asaki, sareabilita-

cio programebSi monawileoba, moklevadiani Tavisufle-

bis aRkveTa.

profesiuli unar-Cvevebis qona

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis dros gaTvaliswine-

buli unda iqnes msjavrdebulis profesiuli unar-Cve-

vebis sakiTxi. Tu msjavrdebuls cixemde gaaCnda an cixe-

Si iswavla garkveuli profesia, romliTac igi samuSaos

dawyebas SeZlebs, misi pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis

sakiTxi SesaZlebelia, dadebiTad gadawydes.

msjavrdebulis sqesi

qali msjavrdebulebis pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba

ramdenime mniSvnelovani faqtoriT aris ganpirobebuli:

1) kavalerobis principi;

2) dedis roli.

kavalerobis principi gulisxmobs, rom qalbatone-

bi rac SeiZleba moklevadian sasjels unda ixdidnen da

ufro male tovebdnen cixes. sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebu-

lia azri, rom qalebi naklebad arian kriminalurebi, Sesa-

bamisad mamakacebi cixeSi moxvedril qalebs, “kavalero-

bis principidan” gamomdinare, ufro adre aTavisufleben.

isini qalSi xedaven pativsacem, sust da ususur obieqts,

68 69

dedas, das, romelic ar SeiZleba, cixis mkacr pirobebSi

didi xniT gaCerdes.

saxalxo damcvelis 2008 wlis meore naxevris sapar-

lamento moxsenebis mixedviT, „pirobiT vadamde gaTavi-

suflebis mudmivmoqmedi komisiis 2008 wlis 17 martis

sxdomis oqmis Tanaxmad, ar dakmayofilda qalTa da aras-

rulwlovanTa #5 saerTo da sapyrobilis reJimis dawesebu-

lebis msjavrdebulis, warsulSi nasamarTlobis armqonis,

1969 wels dabadebulis, qmarSviliani – 5 Svilis dedis,

xaTuna s.–s Suamdgomloba pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufle-

bis Taobaze, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas administracia axa-

siaTebda dadebiTad da Cadenili hqonda naklebad mZime

danaSauli.“ vfiqrobT, qali msjavrdebulebis mimarT ase-

Ti saxis arahumanuri midgomebi warsuls unda Cabardes da

damokidebuleba ufro humanuri da adamianis momavalze

orientirebuli gaxdes.

msjavrdebulis asaki

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas

aseve aucilebelia msjavrdebulis asakis gaTvaliswineba.

msjavrdebulebi SesaZlebelia, asakis mixedviT sam jgu-

fad davyoT: 1) arasrulwlovnebi da axalgazrda msjavr-

debulebi (14-24 wlebi); 2) axalgazrda da Suaxnis mamaka-

cebi (25-65 wlebi) da 3) moxuci msjavrdebulebi. pirveli

da meore asakis jgufis mamakacebis mimarT swored asakis

gamo SesaZlebelia, pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis saki-

Txi dadebiTad gadawydes, radgan: a) arasrulwlovnebi da

axalgazrda msjavrdebulebi sakuTari pirovnebis Camoya-

libebis procesSi arian da rac ufro adre gawyveten kon-

taqts kriminaluri energiis matarebel msjavrdebuleb-

Tan, miT ufro didia maTi resocializaciis Sansi; b) moxuc

msjavrdebulebs esaWiroebaT higienis gansakuTrebuli

pirobebi, rac cixis pirobebSi xSirad Zneli uzrunvel-

sayofia. amitom moxuci msjavrdebulebis janmrTelobis

problemebis Tavidan asacileblad umjobesia maTi piro-

biT vadamde gaTavisufleba.

saxalxo damcvelis 2008 wlis meore naxevris saparla-

mento moxsenebaSi vkiTxulobT: „mudmivmoqmedi komisiis

sxdomis oqmebis Seswavlisas aRmoCnda agreTve, rom mu-

dmivmoqmedi komisiis mier 2006 wlis 28 seqtembris sx-

domaze ar iqna dakmayofilebuli 1936 wels dabadebuli

(70 wlis) #7 mkacri reJimis dawesebulebis msjavrdebulis

Suamdgomloba pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Taobaze,

miuxedavad imisa, rom mas moxdili hqonda sasjelis 3/4.

misi Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Ziri-

Tadi motivi iyo warsulSi nasamarTloba.“

sareabilitacio programebSi monawileoba

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilvis

dros yuradReba unda mieqces cixis pirobebSi msjavrde-

bulis aqtiurobas da sareabilitacio programebSi mo-

nawileobas sakuTari Tavisufali nebiT. aseTi programe-

bi SeiZleba narkomaniis, alkoholis an agresiuli qcevis

kontrols exebodes.

moklevadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilvis

dros yuradReba unda mieqces aseve Tavisuflebis aRkve-

Tis vadas. moklevadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis pirobeb-

Si msjavrdebulze jer kidev ara aqvs an naklebi zegavlena

70 71

aqvs cixis kriminaluri cxovrebis wesebs. maRali zomis

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis pirobebSi arsebobs saSiSroeba,

rom cixis kriminaluri cxovrebis wesebma msjavrdebulze

zegavleba iqonios da igi am wesebiT ise moixiblos, rom ga-

Tavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi kriminaluri cxovrebis mimde-

vrad darCes da kriminalur wesebs icavdes.

sameurneo samsaxurSi Caricxuli msjavrdebule-

bi

sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis dawesebulebis sa-

meurneo samsaxurSi msjavrdebulis Caricxva da mis mier

movaleobis keTilsindisierad Sesruleba unda iyos imis

winapiroba, rom msjavrdebuli pirobiT vadamde gaTavi-

sufldes. dawesebulebis ZiriTadi mizani msjavrdebulis

resocializaciaa, rac Sromisadmi msjavrdebulis damoki-

debulebiT mowmdeba .

daskvna

risk-faqtorebis gansazRvra sasjelaRsrulebiTi

dawesebulebebis yoveldRiur saqmianobas miekuTvneba.

amave dros, damnaSaveebis mimarT kriminaluri prognozis

kvlevaze uaris Tqma ar SeiZleba. Ees Tanamedrovea da aqtu-

aluri. misi gamouyenebloba dauSvebelia Tundac mxolod

imitom, rom kriminalur prognozs sisxlis samarTlis ka-

noni iTvaliswinebs. igi sasjelis zomis gansazRvrisas au-

cilebeli elementia da sasjelis individualizaciis wi-

napirobas warmoadgens. amave dros, kriminaluri progno-

zis mixedviT gadawyvetilebis mimRebi pirebi valdebulni

arian, gadawyvetilebis miRebisTvis saWiro faqtebi gadaa-

mowmon da gaaanalizon. es procesi ki mecnierebisa da pra-

qtikisTvis axali Teoriebis ganviTarebis da gamoyenebis

safuZvelia. patimrisTvis gasagebi unda iyos is kriteriu-

mebi, romlebic pirobiT vadamde mis gaTavisuflebas xels

Seuwyobs. samarTlebrivi usafrTxoebis idea mniSvnelova-

nia yvela moqalaqisTvis, miT ufro im pirisTvis, visac sa-

zogadoebisa da misi normebisadmi ndoba dakarguli aqvs.

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis 2003 wlis rekomen-

daciiT „pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb“, piro-

biT vadamde gaTavisuflebis dros patimari unda akmayo-

filebdes kanonmorCili moqalaqis minimalur moTxovne-

bs. Sesabamisi organoebi valdebulni arian, daamtkicon,

rom patimari am minimalur moTxovnebs ar akmayofilebs da

is sazogadoebas safrTxes Seuqmnis.

mniSvnelovania aseve qveyanaSi arsebuli sisxlis sa-

marTlis politika - danaSaulTan brZola kompleqsuri

RonisZiebaa. Sesabamisad, unda arsebobdes danaSaulTan

brZolis erTiani gegma, romelsac Seasruleben da ga-

72 73

naxorcieleben saxelmwifo struqturebi. mizanSewoni-

lia, Tu pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sabWo gaiTva-

liswinebs qveyanaSi arsebul kriminogenur mdgomareobas,

prevenciul RonisZiebebs, sisxlis samarTlis politikas

da ise miiRebs gadawyvetilebas piris vadaze adre gaTavi-

suflebis Sesaxeb.

dabolos, araviTar kriteriums ar SeuZlia imis prog-

nozireba, rom adamiani danaSauls Caidens. adamiani imde-

nad kompleqsuri arsebaa, rom SeuZlebelia imis progno-

zireba, Tu rogor moiqceva igi. yvelaferTan erTad, arse-

bobs situaciuri faqtorebi, romlebic moralur, fsiqi-

kurad gawonasworebul adamians moZaladed da damnaSaved

aqcevs (ix. zimbardos cixis eqsperimenti).

gamoyenebuli literatura

Bock, M.Kriminologie für Studium und Praxis, 3. Auflage, München 2007Calliess, R-P./Müller-Dietz, H.Straffollzugsgesetz. Kommentar. München 2000.Eisenberg, U.Kriminologie, 6. Auflage, München 2005Göppinger, H.Kriminologie, 6. Auflage. München 2008.Kaiser, G.Kiminologie, 3. Auflage, 1996 HeidelnergKaiser, G./Schöch, H.Kriminologie, Jugendstrafrech, Strafvollzug, 7. Auflage München 2010Kaiser, G./Schöch, H.Kriminologie, Jugendsrafrech, Srafvollzug, 7. Auflage München 2010Kröner, C.Rückfallprognosen in der forensischen Psychiatrie - Vergleich der prä-diktiven Validitäten der Prognoseinstrumente ILRV, HCR-20, PCL-R und VRAG - Dissertation zum Erwerb des Doktorgrades der Medizin an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu Mün-chen, 2005Meier, B-D.Kriminologie, 2. Auflage, München 2010Nygaard, D.Die prädiktive Validität des HCR 20/2, der PCL-R und der ILRV für die Vorhersage gewalttätiger krimineller Rückfälle. Eine Langzeituntersu-chung von 185 Gutachtenprobanden. Dissertation zum Erwerb des Dok-torgrades der Medizin an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maxi-milians-Universität zu München, 2006

74 75

Passow, D.Zur Qualität forensisch-psychiatrischer Sachverständigengutachten bei Sexualstraftätern mit angeordneter Sicherungsverwahrung Inauguraldis-sertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Medizin der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Rostock, 2009 Randermann, D.Prognose, Begutachtung und Legalbewährung – ein Vergleich von Se-xualstraftätern und anderen Gewaltstraftätern, Hamburg 2008 Disserta-tion zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Medizin der medizini-schen Fakultät der Universität HamburgSchneider, H.J.Kriminologie, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1987Schöch, H.In: Internationales Handbuch der Kriminologie, Band 1, Grundlagen der Kriminologie (Herausgegeben von Hans Joachim Schneider)Schwind, H-D.Kriminologie, 21. Auflage, Heidelberg 2011

m. baliaSvili

pirovnebis fsiqologiis safuZvlebi. Tbilisi 2012

r. gerigi/f. zimbardo,

fsiqologia da cxovreba. Tbilisi 2009.

e. gidensi

sociologia. Tbilisi 2011.

q. emberi / m. emberi / p. peregrini

anTropologia. Tbilisi 2009.

l. izoria

Tanamedrove saxelmwifo, Tanamedrove administracia.

Tbilisi 2009.

q. kalhuni / d. laiTi / s. keleri

sociologia. Tbilisi 2007.

e. kodua da sxv. (sared. jgufi)

socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni - cnobari.

Tbilisi 2004.

g. miqanaZe

patimris pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis ufleba – evro-

puli gamocdileba da saqarTvelos realoba. korkelia, k.

(red.), adamianis uflebaTa dacva: miRwevebi da gamowveve-

bi. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2012.

d. muzaSvili

Tsu-s iuridiuli fakultetis samagistro naSromi Tema-

ze: nasamarTloba qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi. Tbilisi

2012.

c. samsoniZe da sxv.

sasamarTlo fsiqiatria. Tbilisi 2006.

m. SalikaSvili

viqtimologia – mecniereba danaSaulis msxverplis Sesa-

xeb. Tbilisi 2011.

m. SalikaSvili

kriminologia. meore gadamuSavebuli da Sevsebuli gamo-

cema. Tbilisi 2011.

m. SalikaSvili

Zaladobis kriminologia. Tbilisi 2012.

k. WiWinaZe

agresia. agresiis eTologiuri, fsiqologiuri, fiziolo-

giuri gamovlinebebi da meqanizmebi. Tbilisi 2010.

76 77

danarTi:gansakuTrebiT saSiSi damnaSaveebis recidivis riskis Sefasebis kriteriumebi

Crdilo-dasavleTisa da centraluri Sveicariis sasje-laRsrulebiTi konkordatis profesiuli komisiis samu-Sao instrumenti

prof. doq. ditmani, forenzuli fsiqiatriis wamyvani eqimi, 1999 wlis dekemberi

kriteriumebiis siis gamoyenebis zogadi miTiTebebi

1. adamianuri qcevis zusti gansazRvra aqamde arsebuli meTode-biT SeuZlebelia. SesaZlebelia mxolod SemdgomSi konkretuli damnaSavis mier mniSvnelovani danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Cadenis albaTobis Sefaseba.

2. Sefasebis kriteriumebis sia emyareba arasrul prognozirebul niSnebs, romlebic profesiul literaturaSi (ix. danarTi 3) da aqamde arsebul praqtikaSi gamoyenebuli da damtkicebulia.

3. aucilebelia, miRweul iqnes individualuri prognozi, romelic amave dros deliqtsa da pirovnebaze unda iyos orientirebuli. yvela kriteriumis yvela SemTxvevaSi gamoyeneba ar aris saWiro da mizanSewonili.

4. prognozi unda gakeTdes mraval sxvadasxva informaciul wyaro-ze dayrdnobiT. aucilebelia nasamarTlobisa da ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis, aseve yvela fsiqiatriuli daskvnis da sasjelis mox-dis, Terapiis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb informaciis codna.

5. obieqtur wyaroebs upiratesoba aqvs subieqturi, aradamtkice-buli warmodgenebisa da azrebis mimarT.

6. yoveli prognozi moqmedebs SezRuduli, gansazRvruli droiTi monakveTis farglebSi da zustad gansazRvruli sasjelis mox-disa an Semsubuqebis pirobebSi.

7. unda ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisgan statikuri (Seucvleli) da di-namikuri faqtorebi. pirveli maTgani, ZiriTadad, winare istori-idan warmodgeba. statikuri faqtorebis xarisxis arseboba gan-sazRvravs, SesaZlebelia Tu ara qmedebis modifikacia. Ddinami-kuri faqtorebi ki Terapiisa da sxva RonisZiebebis farglebSi garkveulwilad icvleba.

8. kriteriumebis sia gagebul unda iqnes, rogorc samuSao instru-menti, romliTac SesaZlebelia SemTxvevis sistematuri analizi. TiToeuli niSandoblivi jgufis mimarT dasaxelebulia xelsay-reli da araxelsayreli faqtorebi. pozitiuri da negatiuri qulebis wminda maTematikuri gamoTvla aramecnieruli da ama-ve dros SeuZlebelia. aucilebelia zogadi warmodgenis Seqmna, radgan mag. mTlianobaSi xelsayreli niSnebis arsebobis miuxeda-vad, mciremniSvnelovanma araxelsayrelma erTma faqtorma an aseTi faqtorebis jgufma SesaZlebelia, recidivis riskis arse-boba gansazRvros.

9. yoveli kriteriumis Sesaxeb diskusia da maTi Sefaseba specia-listTa interdisciplinirebulad dakompleqtebul jgufSi, prognozis sandoobis xarisxs zrdis. amave dros, maT saSiSi dam-naSaveebis mimarT praqtikuli gamocdileba unda hqondeT.

10. mTliani individualuri riski mosalodneli danaSaulebis da recidivis albaTobis saxis da raodenobis produqtia.

78 79

1. qmedebis analizi

xelsayreli araxelsayreli

calkeuli aqtis deliqti Za-ladobis zedmeti gamoyenebis gareSemsxverplisa da damnaSavis specifikuri urTierTobaTanaamsrulebloba jgufis zewolis pirobebSi

gansakuTrebiT sastiki danaSauli Zaladobis gadametebuli gamoyenebiT (overkill)deliqtebis seriamsxverplis SemTxveviTi SerCevarecidivis maRali statistikuri alba-Tobis mqone deliqti

2. kriminalurobis aqamde arsebuli ganviTareba


damnaSaveoba, rogorc cxovrebis raRac etapze cvlilebebis, bediT ganpi-robebuli konfliqtis an gansakuTrebuli, aqtualu-ri situaciis gamoxatuleba

damnaSaveoba, rogorc biografiaSi gamjdari qceva, kriminalobis dawy-eba bavSvobaSi an axalgazrdobaSi, disocialuri wreebidan warmomav-loba

manamde arsebuli Zaladobrivi de-liqtebi, gansakuTrebiT sastiki qmedebebi Zaladobis gadametebuli gamoyenebiT (overkill)

manamde arsebuli deliqtebis seria

Semamsubuqebeli RonisZiebebis sanacvlod aRebuli valdebule-bebis arSesruleba

3. pirovneba, arsebuli fsiqikuri aSlilobebi


xanmokle, gardamavali fsi-qikuri aSliloba, mag. raime cxovrebiseul situaciaze reaqcia, agreTve erTje-radi fsiqoturi epizodi, simptomebis swrafi vardna

fsiqotropuli nivTierebe-bis xanmokle gardamavali gavlena misdami damokide-bulebis gareSe

pirovnebis arasayuradRe-bo, araTvalSisacemi ganvi-Tareba

araTvalSisacemi testf-siqologia

kriminalobis xangrZlivi an qroni-kuli simptomebi, gangrZobadi sigiJe pirebisken mimarTuli, azrovnebis gangrZobadi aSliloba, gangrZobadi afeqturi da motivaciuri aSliloba

narkotikuli nivTierebebis regu-laruli gamoyeneba an fsiqotropul nivTierebebze damokidebulebis maRali potenciali kriminalur qmedebasTan kavSirSi

deliqtis xelSemwyobi azrebi da gan-wyoba

bavSvobidan an axalgazrdobidan arsebuli darCenili pirovnulobisa da qcevis aSliloba, mravali diso-ciaciuri niSani, rogoricaa kavSiris damyarebis SeuZlebloba, ugrZno-bloba, empaTiis uqonloba (disocia-ciurobisa da psychopathy-s kriteri-umebi, ix. danarTi 1)

seqsualuri qcevis qronikuli anomalia, rogoricaa fiqsirebuli parafilia, gansakuTrebiT progre-sirebuli mimdinareoba (spec. sqeso-brivi damnaSaveebis kriteriumebi ix, danarTi 2)

80 81

4. daavadebisa an fsiqiuri aSlilobisadmi damnaSavis damok-idebuleba


damnaSave acnobierebs da eTanxmeba Tavisi qcevis daa-vadebulobas, aSlilobasa da anomalias

sakuTari Tavis Ria warmo-Cineba, daxasiaTeba

damnaSave uaryofs, rom fsiqikurad avadaa, SeSlilia da misi qmedeba nor-masTan Seusabamoa

cdilobs, Tavi daicvas, Tavisi qmede-ba gaaufasuros da moityuos

5. socialuri kompetencia


kargi socialuri unarebi yvela sferoSi, stabiluri samuSao urTierTobebi

ainteresebs da CarTulia aqtivobebis farTo sferoSi

zogadad cxovrebiT kmayo-fili

TanagrZnobisa da toleran-tobis gancda

funqcirebadi ojaxuri da partnioruli urTierTo-bebi

stabiluri megobrebi

profesiuli da socialuri unarebis mniSvnelovani dazianeba, umetesad arastabiluri samuSao urTierTo-bebi

socialuri realurobis darRveuli aRqma, ararealuri molodinebi

cvalebadi situaciebSi adaptirebis uunaroba

komunikaciis darRveuli unari

socialurad dezintegrirebuli

stabiluri partnioruli urTierTo-bis aqamde arqona

amtanobis mcire unari

kriminogenuli cxovrebis stili (samuSao, megobrebis wre, urTierTo-bebi), kriminaluri identuroba

6. specifikuri konfliqturi qceva


qmedeba ganviTarda aqamde arsebuli erTjeradi spe-cifikuri konfliqturi situaciidan. winare isto-riidan Cans, rom damnaSaves SeeZlo msgavs situaciaSi sxvagvarad moqceva da moiq-ca kidec

sxva konfliqtur situa-ciebSi kargi amtanoba

winare istoriidan Cans, rom dam-naSave kvlav msgavs konfliqtur situaciaSi xvdeba, mas iwvevs da ste-reotipulad kriminaluri qceviT reagirebs

frustraciuli situaciis mimarT naklebi amtanoba, impulsuroba

7. qmedebis kritikuli analizis unari


damnaSave mzad aris, qmedeba kritikulad da intensi-urad gaaanalizos, gansa-kuTrebiT motivis da eTni-kuri normebis darRvevis mimarTulebiT. mzad aris, moinanios da wuxs danaSau-lis Cadenas

msxverplis mdgomareobis aRqma, zianis anazRaurebis mcdeloba, Tu saxeze ar aris taqtikuri svla

samarTlebrivad dadgenili faqtis - amsruleblobis uaryofa an qmede-bis gaufasureba, danaSaulis mouna-niebloba

sakuTari socialurad araadekvatu-ri qmedebis gadabraleba msxverplis an mesame pirisTvis; “sazogadoeba”, “garemoebebi”

8. Terapiis zogadi SesaZleblobebi


damnaSavis fsiqikuri aSli-lobisTvis arsebobs mkur-nalobis kargad moqmedi meTodi

amJamindeli mdgomareobiT fsiqia-triuli, sociopaTiuri Tu pedago-giuri procesebis saSualebiT damna-Savis fsiqikuri aSliloba rTulad an saerTod ver ikurneba

82 83

9. Terapiis realuri SesaZleblobebi

xelsayreliaraxelsayreli

arsebobs dawesebuleba, romelic flobs mkurnalo-bisTvis saWiro Terapiul koncefcias da Sesabamis Car-Coebs (mag. usafrTxoeba) da mzad aris, miiRos damnaSave

dawesebuleba, sadac damnaSavis mkur-naloba iqneboda SesaZlebeli, saWiro TerapiisTvis aucilebeli servisis deficitis an usafrTxoebis RonisZie-bebis ararsebobis gamo ver iRebs mas.

10. TerapiisTvis mzadyofna


Ria da kargi, sando damoki-debuleba Terapevtebisa da mkurnalobasTan dakavSire-buli sxva pirebis mimarT

damnaSave aqtiurad cdi-lobs, Terapia Caitaros. igi TanamSromlobisTvis da SesaZlo negatiuri movle-nebisTvis mzad aris

ar arsebobs mzadyofna, sakuTar fsi-qikur aSlilobasTan seriozulad midgomisTvis.

damnaSave uaryofs yovelgvar Tera-pias, mag. medikamentur mkurnalobas, Tavdacvis mdgomareobaSi imyofeba, Tavs aCvenebs Terapiisadmi mzadmyof adamianad, raTa amiT raime sargebeli miiRos.

11.sasjelis Semsubuqebis, sapatimro Svebulebis an gaTavisufle-bis SemTxvevaSi damnaSavis mimRebi socialuri wre

xelsayreliaraxelsayreli

ojaxSi, partniorul ur-TierTobebSi CarTuloba, myari sando kontaqtebi damxmare personalTan (aR-masrulebeli, dacvis per-sonali, meurve)

myari Semosavali, sacx-ovrebeli adgili etc

kontrolis kargi Sesa-Zlebloba

msxverplTan urTierTobis garTuleba specialuri gansakuTrebuli pirobebis gamo

mxardaWeris miReba

Tanazomieri molodiniT momavlis realuri dagegmva

socialuri kontaqtebisa da kavSire-bis nakleboba, aramyari partnioru-li urTierTobebi.

arakonkretuli, ararealuri gegmebi.

sacxovrebeli saxlis, samuSao adgi-lis, finansuri saxsrebis ararseboba.

kontrolis naklebi SesaZlebloba.

msxverplTan advili kontaqti.

mxardaWeris uaryofa, TanamSromlo-bisTvis mzadaryofna.

kriminogenul wreebSi dabruneba (mag. konfliqturi urTierTobe-bi, narkotikebi, prostitucia etc.), daugegmavi qceva Tavisufal dros.

xangrZlivi meTvalyureobis defi-citi

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12.qmedebis Semdgomi ganviTareba


arakriminaluroba, mi-uxedavad imisa, rom garega-ni pirobebis mixedviT, dam-naSaveoba iyo mosalodneli

deliqtis xelSemwyobi fsiqiatriuli simptomebis winaaRmdeg mkurnalobis gaumjobeseba

pirovnulobis momwifeba da gaZliereba

frustraciisadmi gamZleo-bis gazrda da amtanoba

adaptaciis kargi unari da sakmarisi socialuri kon-taqtebi dawesebulebaSi (da ara formaluri, moCven-ebiTi adaptacia deliq-tis specifikurobis sxva sferoSi, mag. sqesobrivi danaSaulebi)

konfliqtisa da problemis gadaWris strategiis Ses-wavla

kontrolis meqanizmebis ganviTareba

sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawe-sebulebidan warmatebuli xanmokle gasvla (sapatim-ro Svebuleba), sasjelis Semsubuqeba an movaleobis Sesruleba, Tu SesaZlebe-lia, Sefaseba

msgavsi, ganmeorebiT Cadenili an ufro mZime danaSaulebi.

kriminogenuli aSlilobis, qcev-is dispoziciis da pirovnulobis struqturis Zireuli cvla ar aris SesamCnevi.

xSiri konfliqtebi.

gadaWarbebuli adaptacia dawese-bulebaSi

xangrZlivi institucionalizaciis (sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebuleba-Si xangrZlivi yofniT) Sedegad ga-mowveuli damatebiTi zarali

warumatebloba TerapiaSi, kursis xSiri Sewyveta

Tavis arideba, narkotikuli sa-Sualebebis moxmareba

saboloo Sefaseba (Sesabamisi grafa, gTxovT, SemoxazoT)

Zalian xelsayreli

xelsayreli neitraluri ara-xelsayreliZalian

araxelsayreli

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