PLANETARY HAZARDS

BYVenkata ramana 14281A0115S. Shivani 14281A0116Sai Ram 14281A0117Chakradhar 14281A0118P. Raju 14281A0119Charanjeet singh 14281A0120M. Prathyusha 14281A0121

CONTENTS• What is a hazard?• Classification of environmental hazards• Planetary hazards• Endogenous hazards- Earthquakes• Exogenous hazards

Atmospheric hazards- Hailstorms

Hydrospheric hazards- TsunamiLithospheric hazards- Erosion

• Biotic or Biological Hazards

HAZARD: A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment.

Environmental hazards may be defined as those extreme events which exceed the tolerable magnitude resulting catastrophic losses of property, income and lives.

What is a hazard?

CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDSHAZARDS

NATURAL MAN INDUCED

PLANETARY EXTRA PLANETARY

EXOGENOUSENDOGENOUS

BIOLOGICAL

NUCLEAR CHEMICAL

ACCIDENTAL

PLANETARY HAZARDS1. Endogenous HazardsHazards which originate inside the surface of the earth are termed as endogenic hazards.E.g. Volcanoes, Earthquake

2. Exogenous HazardsHazards which originate above the surface of the earth (in the atmosphere) are called exogenic hazards. E.g. Drought, Rainfall, Snowfall, Winds, Hailstorm

3. Biological HazardsAlso known as biohazards or biotic hazards, refer to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans. E.g. Diseases

ENDOGENOUS HAZARDSEarthquakes

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

CAUSES: Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake.

EFFECTS: Earthquake causes dismantling of buildings, bridge and other structures at or near epicentre. Many men and animals are killed or buried under collapsed houses

DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PRECAUTIONS

BEFORE: All the building in seismic zones need be designed so that they can withstand major tremors. An emergency communication plan should be made available. Disaster management supplies (like flashlights, first aid box etc.) should be available on hand.

DURING:  Take shelter under a table and stay there till the shaking stops. Stay away from tall and heavy objects that may fall on you. Find a clear spot, away from buildings, trees, bridges and overhead power lines.

AFTER: Stay calm for a while. Expect aftershocks. Beware of possible tsunami, if you live in coastal area.

INCIDENTS WORLDWIDE

01. Valdivia, ChileMagnitude- 9.5, Date- May 22, 196002. 1964 Great Alaska EarthquakeMagnitude- 9.2, Date- March 28, 196403. Sumatra, IndonesiaMagnitude- 9.1, Date- December 26, 200404. Sendai, JapanMagnitude- 9.0, Date- March 11, 2011

EXOGENOUS HAZARDSAtmospheric Hazards - Hailstorms

Hail is a form of solid precipitation. It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailstone.

CAUSES: Hailstones develop when frozen water particles (called "embryos") are suspended in a part of the cloud in a region of rapidly ascending air in a thunderstorm (called an "updraft) at a level where there is a mixture of super cooled water and ice.

EFFECTS: Hail can cause serious damage, notably to automobiles, aircraft, skylights, glass-roofed structures, livestock, and most commonly, farmers‘ crops, roofs.

Prepare your family for the hazards and inconveniences of a hailstorm by creating a disaster preparedness plan, including a disaster survival kit and an emergency evacuation plan.

As a storm approaches, put vehicles in the garage. If you are outdoors, go indoors immediately. Roof damage is a common consequence of hailstorms. Following a strong storm, you should evaluate the condition of your roof to identify any damage and prevent further deterioration.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PRECAUTIONS

INCIDENTS WORLDWIDE

1. Canada- $552 million damage in 2012

2. Dallas USA- $900 million- June 2012

3. Missouri -$1.6 billion- April 2012

4. Canada- $400 million- July 2010

5. Sydney- $1.7 billion- April 1999

Hydrospheric Hazards - Tsunami

Tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.

CAUSES: These waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries.

EFFECTS: The effects of the tsunami on the country during this period range from destruction and damage, death, injury, millions of dollars in financial loss, and long lasting psychological problems for the inhabitants of the region.

When in coastal areas, stay alert for tsunami warnings.

Plan an evacuation route that leads to higher ground.

Know the warning signs of a tsunami: rapidly rising or falling coastal waters and rumblings of an offshore earthquake.

Never stay near shore to watch a tsunami come in.

A tsunami is a series of waves. Do not return to an affected coastal area until authorities say it is safe.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PRECAUTIONS

INCIDENTS WORLDWIDE

Apr 01, 2014: Iquique, Chile

Feb 06, 2013: Lata, Solomon Islands

Oct 25, 2010: Sumatra, Indonesia

July 17, 2006: Island of Java, Indonesia

11 March 2011: Tōhoku , Japan

Lithospheric Hazards - Erosion

Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, then transport it away to another location.

CAUSES: Deforestation, faulty cultivation methods, shifting cultivation, over-grazing, diversion in natural drainage channels by railway embankments and roads, lack of proper surface drainage.

EFFECTS: Loss of soil, harmful effects on organic matter and soil structure, decline in soil capacity, deposition of sand and gravel on agricultural lands, flooding of streams.

Soil erosion pattern in India

BIOTIC OR BIOLOGICAL HAZARDSBiological hazards, also known as biohazards or biotic hazards, refer to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.

CAUSES:Human bodily matter including blood, tissues, vomit, urine, faeces, saliva and breast milk etc., that may contain viral or bacterial diseases Biohazard waste, sewerage and rubbish.Exposure to plants, algae, moulds or fungi.

EFFECTS:bacterial diseases, such as tuberculosis, fungal diseases, viral diseases, such as mumps, hepatitis

PROTECTIVE MEASURES and DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Protective clothing (gloves, masks, protective clothing, and safety goggles);

• Practise good personal hygiene.• Ensure that any equipment that might harbour bio-

hazards(e.g. fans, ventilation systems) is regularly maintained, cleaned and sterilized.

• Handle and dispose of all bio-hazardous waste materials safely. Blood and any other bodily fluids should always be handled as if they could be infectious. In the event of an injury or bleeding, every individual should be handled in a way that minimizes exposure to blood and body fluids.

THANK YOU