Planning and Designing Streets as Public Spaces for Sustainable, Inclusive & Prosperous Cities Gora Mboup, Ph.D., President & CEO, Global Observatory linking Research to Action [email protected]www.gora4people.org 12 th International Conference & Exhibition on Emerging Trends in Sustainable Habitat and Integrated Cities Section CS 01A – Progressive and Working Cities Municipalika – Builidng Vibrant Cities Ahmedabad Chennai, India, 13 November 2014
Transcript
Planning and Designing Streets as Public Spaces for Sustainable, Inclusive & Prosperous Cities
Gora Mboup, Ph.D., President & CEO, Global Observatory linking Research to Action
Events and Milestones since 2000• 2000, the Millennium Development Slum Target• 2010, The MDGs Slum Target has been reached• 2012, Introduction of the notion of prosperity – The City Prosperity Index
• 2013, Publication of Streets as Public Spaces and Drivers of Urban Prosperity
• 2014 – Holistic approach of sustainability, social inclusion and prosperity of Cities
19th Century: the Rural Century with 98% living in villages at the beginning and 90% at the end of the century
Urbanization in the World: from a rural century to a urban century
20th Century: the Urban Transition Century with only 10% living in cities and towns at the beginning and 47% at the end of the century
21th Century: the Urban Century with half of the world living in cities at the beginning and 70% by 2050
Urban context of sustainability, Inclusiveness and Prosperity
1990 2000 2010 2015 —
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000 Mega and Meta Cities in India with a population more than 10 million or more in 2015, Delhi
Mumbai
Kolkata
1990 2000 2010 2015 —
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000 Indian Cities with a population size near 10 million or more in 2015
AhmadabadBangaloreChennai (Madras)Hyderabad
Endless growth of cities in the periphery Low density settlements Reduction of land allocated to streets and public spaces Growing inequalities between rich and poor Grave damage to the environment
Urbanization and rapid land expansion
Urbanization and slum expansion
33% of urban population live in slums
864 million of urban population in developing countries live in slums
Global responses- The Millennium Development GoalsOne of the latest global agenda is the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), endorsed in the year 2000, where – member states agreed on eight global goals and eighteen global targets for the next fifteen years.
One of the global targets was the slum target (as part of Goal 7, originally named Target 11 and lately renamed target 7D), which was to achieve “ a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020”.
Slum Target has been reached - Celebration and disappointment in 2010 Urbanization continues to outpace improvements in slum conditions
1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2010 20120
100200300400500600700800900
1000
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
46.2 42.939.4
35.634.3 32.6 32.7
Population living in slums and proportion of urban popu-lation living in slums, developing regions, 1990-2012
Urban Slum population(millions) Proportion of urban population living in slums
Proportion of urban pop-ulation in slums (Percent-age)
Urban slum population (mil-lions)
Improvement of 200+ million slum dwellers: more access to improved water, to improved sanitation, durable housing, sufficient living area
Voices from SlumsWe are one billion people living without access to basic services, without the right to security of tenure, and without public spaces. Our situation manifests at three levels: People level as expressed by our lack of basic services;
Place level by living in unplanned, informal settlement with high risk exposure to disaster; and
Policy level without secure tenure and high exposure to eviction.
Our three Ps must guide any future development agenda such as the post 2015 development agenda as well as the third Habitat conference in 2016 to become an agenda by the people for the people.
Slums – People, Places and Peoples
Urban Planning, Basic infrastructure, Policies
Places – start with planning and Designing of streets for a sustainable City Foundation
Urban Planning – streets as public spacesA sustainable city foundation must have a well connected street network with sufficient land allocated to streets that reduce travel time and encourage walking, cycling and social interactions. Well planned streets enhance infrastructure development, environment sustainability, economic development, social development, and social inclusion. They make cities resilient and prepared to overcome natural disasters.
Key findings for Sustainable & Inclusive Prosperity for Cities
Land allocated to streets in suburban areas is less than half its level in the core of the sity
Percentage of land allocated to streets in selected cities (City core & Sub-urban areas)
Key Findings
•Reduction of share of streets in city
• In most cities in developed countries, 25-35% of land are allocated to streets, with 10-15% in suburban areas
•In most cities in developing countries 10-15% or less are allocated to streets in the city core and less than 5% in suburban areas
Key Findings
Lack of street is obstacle to sustainable & inclusive prosperity for cities affecting:
- Infrastructure development - Economic development- Social development - Social inclusion- Environmental Sustainability - Resilience- Disaster Exposure - Peace & security
Citizens are Reclaiming Streets as Public Spaces
No city can claim to be sustainable, inclusive and prosperous when large segments of its population do not have access to streets.
Livable street puts people first and eases provision of amenities like seating, play areas, good sidewalks and trees – all these make all people, particularly children, women and the elderly feel safe and comfortable.
Well planned and designed streets as public spaces – key for Sustainable, Inclusive & Prosperous Cities
Sustainable, Inclusive & Prosperous CitiesFor a city to be sustainable, inclusive and prosperous, it must promotes a people-centered approach on various dimensions such as: city foundation, infrastructure, environment, economy development, social development, social inclusion, disaster exposure, resilience, peace & security, and institutions & laws
- HIGHER PROVISION OF STREETS AS PUBLIC SPACES - MORE COMPACT FORM- GREATER HETEROGENEITY AND FUNCTIONALITY- SAFEGUARDS AGAINST NEW RISKS- MORE ‘HUMAN SCALE’
GREEN CITY: THE CITY OF THE 21ST CENTURY 227092861
Observartory linking Research to Action (ORA) for Sustainable, Inclusive & Prosperous Cities
Observatories linking Research to Action for sustainable, inclusive and prosperous cities
" Better Information for better people centered polices” is the primary goal of GORA
Observatories are institutional homes for development of urban indicators with quantitative as well as qualitative sources, from classical sources of information (population and housing censuses and household surveys) as well as GIS, Big data. They serve monitoring, evaluation and result-based management. They promote an agenda by the people for the people. .
What Observatories Do?
• Develop, collect and analyze indicators at local level to monitor a range of local or national priority issues – e.g. urban planning, infrastructure, social inclusion, social development, economic development, environment, disaster exposure, resilience, peace & secure, institutions and laws.
• Establish permanent mechanisms for monitoring development agendas and disseminate information to strengthen transparency in planning process
• Translate data to knowledge and knowledge to planning and policy-making at local and national level
• Build awareness and improve the decision making mechanism for sustainable, inclusive and prosperous cities
Observatory linking Research toAction
CentralGovern-ment
Gen-der
Educ
Parlia-Ment-arians
Infra-struct-ure
NSO
Loc.Auth.
LandHous-ing
Aca-demia
Univ.
Train-ing
Res-earch
CivilSociety/Media
Press
Priv.Sect. NGOs
RadioTV
Youth
ExternalSupportAgencies
UN
Donors
Bilat-erals
INGOs
LocalAuthorit-ies
Munic-palities
Assoc-iations
Reg.Auth.
Sub-Reg
Voc.Tr.
Prof.Soc.
Wom-en’sGrps
Vul-Nerable-grps
Cont.Educ.
City-Citycoop
Para-statals
Observatory starts with Stakeholders consultation
From Research to Actions – Development of Policy/Action
The policy/action toolkit combines research analysis, impact assessment and learning practices and policies to assist for policy formulation and action plan development for a people agenda
Visualize, analyse and participate - Advocacy & Communication
Key findings must be taken to people and institutions through user friendly platform of advocacy and communication accessible to the people as well as to institutions. Observatories promote Open data through data visualization and revolution technology including social media, open portal, workshops and conferences.
Needs for training & capacity development in the development and use of indicators for policy formulation
A major weak link between research and action is in the difficulty of people, government employees and other stakeholders to use indicators for policy formulation. People and technicians as well as managers, and decision-makers, must be equipped with instruments on the development and use of indicators to empower themselves and inform policies and programmes.
