Planning for Community Fire Protection

Class #4Chapters 18,19,20,21, and 22

Fire Prevention

Most States have offices oversee certain phases of fire prevention.

The organization of the state fire marshals officer differ from state to state.

Ill. tbl.18.1 pg 308 tbl.18.2 pg 310

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Training is a challenge for nearly every organization, including fire and emergency services. It is a sigh of commitment of that organization to provide quality service and to ensure the health and safety of their employees.

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Effective training achieves Services that meet professional

benchmarks and standards Efficient performance Effective use of technology Safe operations Quality customer service

NFPA 1500 requires training

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Training vs. Education

Training is the process by which vocational skills and knowledge are delivered. Explains what to do Is anchored in past experience Encompasses job skills

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Encompasses practical skills Involves application Results in specific outcomes Is know

Education is the process by which academic subjects are delivered

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Explain what to do Is geared to the future Encompasses life skills Encompasses cognitive skills Involves theory Results in general outcomes Is unknown

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Training programs Pre-employment Recruit In service

Reasons to conduct in service training 1. meets mandatory requirements 2. helps ensure good customer service

Training Fire and Emergency Services

3. prevents skills degradation 4. introduces new technology 5. introduces new skills 6. expands service 7. introduces policy changes 8. develops teamwork skills 9. ensures operability of equipment

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Ongoing training should be carefully planned, evaluated and revised as needed.

Areas to address when planning training 1. Dept. goals and objectives 2. mandated training requirements

Training Fire and Emergency Services

3. continuing edu for certifications 4. infrequently used KSAs 5. procedures with high consequences 6. experience from incidents critiqued 7. scheduling 8. Learning & learning methodologies 9. Available inside and outside resources 10. labor management issues

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Staff development training. Many fire officials say a lack of staff

development is a big problem, is it?

Training programs should attempt to broaden the base knowledge and experiences of aspiring officer and current officers

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Issues in staff development training Dept goals and objectives Quality customer service Applicability and accessibility of training Prerequisites Access to learning resources Finance and Resource sharing Certifications and equivalency

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Mentoring programs can be helpful in staff development

Some FDs require officer candidates to have earned higher education degrees before being eligible for promotion

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Special operations training Training for these infrequent and highly

technical events can be very challenging and expensive to a training program.

Post incident analysis in training is a useful tool if done right.

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Designing effective post incident analysis

Dept goals and objectives Defined roles of participants Nonthreatening environment Adequate time and resources Defined time frame

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Site visit if possible Record of session and recommendations Follow-through to develop training and

modify behavior Follow-through to develop and modify

policies and procedures

Training record importance

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Training resources Training centers (more next chapter) Staff; the most valuable and expensive

resources for any project are the personnel who do the work. It takes special people with a special level of expertise and education (motivation and a desire for excellence) to plan, direct, and deliver quality training.

Training Fire and Emergency Services

State training resources Federal training Fire service organizations

IAFC IAFF IFSTA ISFSI NFPA NVFC

Private sector organizations

Training Fire and Emergency Services

Successful training takes Planning Safety

Training Standards, Testing and Certification; local state federal NFPA

“training in context” to your situation

FD Facilities

Fire stations One of the most important elements of a

firehouse is whether it represents a safe and efficient place for people to use.

It is very important when designing a FH that a clear understanding between designers and the FD be established in the conceptual design phase.

FD Facilities

Site selection Driven by response (time) goals Response Analysis a must Should be preemptive to growth May consider secondary route location if

main travel route locations are not practical or too expensive

FD Facilities

Planning for building functions Proximity of personnel to apparatus is

important (get out time) No pole if possible stairs are better The structure should be framed and built

stronger than regular buildings ensuring the building will not fail or become un-operable.

FD Facilities Typical station spaces

Apparatus floor Sleeping area Personal accommodations, washroom,

showers, personal space, men 7 women Watch room Kitchen Living areas Decon area

FD Facilities EMS supply room Laundry Training area Offices Shop area Hose cleaning and drying And plenty of storage

FD Training Facilities

One of the most complex operations in the construction field.

Design team members must have a training background because the architects and engineers may not be familiar with training needs.

FD Training Facilities

Facility design Site selection

Clear conceptualization Space required Access Environment Public perception/support

Design consideration Layout of various components

FD Training Facilities General building considerations

100 students in classroom and 100 students outside training takes about a 15 acres of space

Main structures Classrooms Training tower Live fire areas Simulators

FD Training Facilities Auto extrication Crash fire rescue Drafting and pump test area Driver training Storage Rehab area Special Rescue areas

All should have safety design features built in, enough area, and support

FD Communications

No two communities are exactly alike. It is important to conduct evaluation of needs (in new or existing systems. NFPA 1221 should always apply.

Any communication system should have a center point for all functions

FD Communications Design considerations

Location, Seismic stability, Security, Emergency electric power NFPA 111, Wiring access, Lighting, AC for computers and people, AC backup, Work-station layout (OHSA, ADA, efficiency), Console arrangement, Acoustics, Restrooms, Kitchen, Interior design, Rest areas, Dormitories, Emergency rations and supplies, Alternate/backup location

FD Communications

Radio Systems Bands VHF, UHF; both have + & -’s Which band? Frequency availability, area

coverage, terrain, number of radio units, frequencies in use near-by, mutual aid, type of operation, and use of EMS radio systems

Radio System Operation pg 349, 350

FD Communications

Mobile Radios Should be able to 1. communicate to communication

center over an assigned channel(s) 2. communicate with other units on a

assigned tactical channel(s) NFPA 1221 requires 1 spare radio for

every 20 in use

FD Communications

Portable radios At least one on each vehicle One for each member of the company is

desirable for safety Portables should be checked at least

twice a 24hr shift (battery and function) Portable radios should allow for ease of

operation with gloved hands EMS communications see pg 352

FD Communications Communications personnel

No “system” is better than its operators Good training a must Should have complete understanding of all

agency operations and procedures NFPA 1061 Standard for professional

qualifications Consolidation of Comm. Centers

Joint powers (independent agency) Multi jurisdictional contracting

FD Communications Processing communications Data collection

incident related Operations related Reports

Receipt of alarm Recording and reproducing Running card Status keeping

FD Communications

Computer – Aided Dispatch Three types Class 1 most sophisticated tracts status

recommends dispatch Class 2 uses computer to support all

operation Class 3 uses desktop computer

technology to support the dispatcher

Apparatus and Equipment

NFPA 1901 deals with design, performance, functions and components of most types of fire apparatus NFPA minimums for pumper 750 gpm

and at least 300 gal tank Aerial ladders and elevated platforms

see page 360 Quints and special vehicles

Apparatus and Equipment

Apparatus engines, brakes, weight 35 mph in 25 seconds Maintain top speed of 50MPH 20MPH up 6% grade Stopping 20MPH to 0 in 35feet required

by NFPA and Federal code See pg 361 for weight info and important

definition on pg 362

Apparatus and Equipment

Apparatus must comply with government standards and should comply with NFPA in these areas Safety audible and visual warning

devices Steps and surfaces Mounting of equipment Cab ergonomics Pump panel layout

Apparatus and Equipment Other items to consider

Electrical power to apparatus Type and configuration of pump Hose carrying capability and access Water tank Doors and cabinetry Size of cabinets and compartments Ease of operation Etc.

Apparatus and Equipment

Aerial ladders Common sizes 75,85,100, 135 Height is measured plumb line from top

rung to ground fully extended max elevation

Min rated capacity 250lbs. 18 in wide at narrowest point Stable to 1 ½ times capacity at tip

Apparatus and Equipment Elevated Platforms

3 basic designs, page 367 Available in heights up to 200ft Two sets of controls platform & ground

Water Towers Designed to discharge a minimum of

1000 gpm @ 100 psi Heights of 50 to 75 feet

Apparatus and Equipment

Other types of apparatus Foam units CFR vehicles Communication and chief vehicles Specialty team Air and fan units Fire boats, grass trucks etc

Apparatus and Equipment

Required equipment NFPA apparatus standards include sections on recommended equipment and appliances.

Apparatus procurement pg 371

Apparatus and Equipment

Lease or buy outright? Should consider plus & minus of each

Maintenance Liability Repair costs Funding

Average front line life expectancy Engines 10-15 yrs extreme 7-9 yrs Trucks 12 -15 yrs extreme 9-11 yrs

Apparatus and Equipment

Maintenance NFPA 1915 PM and NFPA 1071 technician

qualifications are important to follow Service tests annually and after big

repair for all pumps NFPA 1911 Inspections of aerial apparatus NFPA

yearly inspection and specific nondestructive testing (welds, bolts, cracks etc) not exceeding 5 yr intervals

Apparatus and Equipment

Refurbishing apparatus Level I; new frame, cab, front axle,

steering and suspension components minimum all must comply with current NFPA 1901

Level II; not as extensive as Level I must comply only with standard in effect when vehicle was originally manufactured.

Apparatus and Equipment

Ground Ladders NFPA 1931 standard on design NFPA 1932 use, maintenance, testing Annual testing or as indicated

Hose and Nozzles NFPA has standards for each and should

be followed