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| Date post: | 19-Feb-2017 |
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Education |
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It is not wise to carry out any task without planning. If you carry out a task without planning you are bound to fail.
Teaching in the classroom requires careful planning of not only what to teach, but also how to teach.
Scheme of work may be defined as a long term plan by the teacher.
It shows the content to be taught at a particular time, and the teaching and learning activities for each lesson to be taught.
1. It breaks the syllabus into units easy to teach
2. Rearranges the content so that closely related topics are put together and arranged in a logical manner
3. Shows in advance what will be taught and when and will help you to arrange the necessary teaching resources.
1. The syllabus2. The intellectual level of the learners3. Availability of learning resources4. Public holidays5. weather
In Kenya the syllabus is written by the Kenya Institute of Education.
It contains the:1. National goals of education2. Objectives of education3. Aims, broad and specific objectives of teaching
each subject4. Content to be taught in class for every subject5. Approximate time required for each area to be
covered.N/B: The syllabus unifies the content taught
in the schools in the country
If the children not very quick in learning, then the scheme of work should have simple learning activities. If the children are bright, the learning activities will be challenging to reflect this
The activities and teaching aids for younger children in lower levels will be simpler than those for older children in upper levels
Teaching resources are essential in the teaching and learning process. It is important therefore to consider what teaching resources are available when writing a scheme of work.
This enables you to choose the appropriate activities for the lesson on the basis of what is available.
The foundation of Christianity is Jesus Christ and His injunction is to “love one another as I have loved you.” In the Gospel of Matthew, a Pharisee tests Jesus with a question: “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?” Jesus replies, “ ‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ This is the first and greatest commandment.
And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.” Love is the foundational virtue in Christians’ relationships with God and with other Christians and non-Christians alike.
When writing a scheme of work, consider how many public holidays fall on school days. It is wise not to scheme for these days.
For unforeseen holidays it is advisable that you allow about 10% of the time allocated in the timetable.
For some subjects, such as science, some teaching resources are only available during certain seasons. So when scheming, it is wise to plan to teach certain topics at times when the necessary resources will be easily available. For example, particular flowers are only available at certain times and not others.
A scheme of work has seven components i.e.
1.Time 2.Topic 3.Objectives4.Resources 5. teaching activities 6.Learning activities 7.Remarks
This is the time when the content planned is to be taught. It appears in the first column of the scheme of work specifically as week, lesson and date.
This is the week when the lesson when the lesson will be taught, this is indicated whether it is the first, second, third or fourth lesson in the subject in the week, and the specific date. For example, week 3, lesson 2 to be taught on 13/10/2015
Topic is the broad content, while sub-topic is the specific content to be discussed in the lesson, for example, place value.
They appear in the second column and will help you formulate your instructional objectives.
These are the objectives of the lesson. That is, what the learner should be able to do by the end of the lesson.
Instructional objectives appear in the third column of the scheme of work. These help you plan the learning activities.
Stop and think reflectively! Why objectives?
Objectives tell us “where we want to go” without which we might never get there.
The aids and reference materials you use in class are the teaching and learning resources. The resources should be well thought out to cater for the learners’ needs.
In the 5th column you list down, in chronological order, the activities that you, the teacher, will carry out during the lesson. These are your activities, which should stimulate, challenge and encourage the learners so that they carry out the planned learning activities during the lesson.
The 6th column of the scheme of work contains the activities which the children will be expected to do during the lesson.
They are listed in chronological order and corresponds to teaching activities.
The importance of listing the teaching and the learning activities in the scheme of work is for you to anticipate the flow of your lesson well in advance
The 7th and final column of the scheme of work is the evaluation remarks in regard to the lesson.
You indicate in this column whether the lesson was taught or not, and if taught whether it was successful or not.
It is important to justify your opinion i.e. explain why you think your lesson was a success or not and what you intend to do in future, about it.
A lesson plan may be defined as a set of learning/teaching activities for the pupils, to be carried out within a defined time.
A lesson plan usually covers a single, or double lesson, or a day for ECDE and the learning activities are arranged in a chronological pattern and defined by steps.
• Lesson objectives• Teaching/learning resources and
teaching aids• Methodology (teaching methods and
skills)• The teaching/learning activities
presentation• Lesson assessment and evaluation
You need to choose appropriate teaching method to use in delivery of the plan.
One can choose from the following methods:
• Discovery or activity method• Demonstration method• Discussion method• Group project method• Lecture method• Question and answer method• Excursion method
Whichever teaching method you may use it involves one or more of the following skills.
These skills are the vehicles, or means by which you implement your teaching method:
• Use of examples• Repetition • Divergent questions• Probing questions• Higher order questions• Reinforcement• Non-verbal cuing• Set induction (or introduction)• Stimulus variation• Closure or conclusion
