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Plant Adaptations for Success on Land
• Vascular tissue• Evolution of the seed that provides food and
protection• Many methods of seed dispersal• Evolution of pollen
Flowering Plant (Angiosperm) Reproduction
?
What is the function of flowers?
• Reproduction– Attract Pollinators– Produce reproductive cells (pollen and ovules)– Form fruit and seeds once fertilized
Parts of a Flower
Parts of the Flower• Sepals= enclose flower bud
• Petals = attract pollinators
• Carpel= female reproductive organ– Stigma= receives pollen– Style= leads to ovary– Ovary= contains ovules (female
gametophyte)
Parts of a Flower (contd.)
• Stamen= male reproductive organ–Anther= produce pollen (male
gametophyte)–Filament= holds anther
•Pollen = each contains 2 cells- tube cell and a cell that makes two sperm
•formed by meiosis and contains 4 haploid cells•3 disintegrate•1 forms 7 cells by mitosis•1 becomes an ovum, and 1 becomes a cell with 2 nuclei (polar body)
Ovule Formation
Reproduction
1. Pollination2. Pollen tube carrying sperm grows toward ovule3. Double Fertilization
• Sperm + Egg= 2n cell (embryo and cotyledons)• Sperm + Polar body = 3n cell (endosperm)
4. Ovule becomes a seed5. Ovary becomes fruit
Reproduction Continued…
Seeds and Embryo Growth
•After fertilization cells divide and anchor embryo to parent
•Other cells divide to form the embryo
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/2fert.jpg`
Continued…• Endosperm and embryo
surrounded by seed coat (dormant until germination)– Requires correct temp and
water– Enzymes digest endosperm
(nutrients)• Cotyledons develop
• Store food• Embryonic shoot develops (will
be stem and leaves) • Epicotyl (above the cotyledon) • Hypocotyl (below the cotyledon)
• Embryonic root develops (radicle)
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72144&rendTypeId=35