Plant Growth and Plant Growth and AdaptationsAdaptations

Chandelier Tree - Chandelier Tree - CaliforniaCalifornia

Venus Fly TrapVenus Fly Trap

Soil and MineralsSoil and Minerals

Soil contains a Soil contains a number of number of important important nutrients needed nutrients needed by plants.by plants.

Plants absorb Plants absorb minerals from the minerals from the soil (in water) and soil (in water) and distribute them to distribute them to all cells.all cells.

Soil LayersSoil Layers

Plants adapt to Plants adapt to different soil types.different soil types.

Plants grow in the Plants grow in the top 3 layers:top 3 layers:

O = HumusO = Humus A = TopsoilA = Topsoil B = SubsoilB = Subsoil C = BedrockC = Bedrock Legumes use Legumes use

“Nitrogen Fixation” “Nitrogen Fixation” to absorb Nitrogen to absorb Nitrogen directlydirectly

Minerals - The Big Minerals - The Big ThreeThree

In organic Fertilizers In organic Fertilizers contain:contain:-Nitrogen (N): Promotes -Nitrogen (N): Promotes green growthgreen growth-Phosphorus (P): roots & -Phosphorus (P): roots & flowersflowers-Potassium (K): -Potassium (K): hardiness (overwinter)hardiness (overwinter)

The 3 numbers The 3 numbers represent the % of the represent the % of the three elements in order three elements in order (N, P, K)(N, P, K)

Organic Vs. InorganicOrganic Vs. Inorganic

Read Page 560Read Page 560 Write down a Write down a

definition for: definition for: -Organic Fertilizer-Organic Fertilizer-Inorganic Fertilizer-Inorganic Fertilizer

What is the What is the advantage of using advantage of using organic fertilizers?organic fertilizers?

Release Nutrients Release Nutrients slowly; nutrients slowly; nutrients won’t get washed won’t get washed away easilyaway easily

Which Fertilizer?Which Fertilizer?

With a partner complete the With a partner complete the “Discovering Biology” activity on “Discovering Biology” activity on P.560P.560

High Veggie Yield = 12-12-12High Veggie Yield = 12-12-12 Winter lawn = 10-4-14Winter lawn = 10-4-14 Lush green lawn = 25-3-5Lush green lawn = 25-3-5 New lawn from seed =20-27-5New lawn from seed =20-27-5 Many Flowers = 10-20-10Many Flowers = 10-20-10

It all starts with a It all starts with a seed…seed… Most seeds go Most seeds go

through a period through a period of of dormancydormancy..

When conditions When conditions are favourable, are favourable, the seed will the seed will germinategerminate..

Geotropism Lab SetupGeotropism Lab Setup

Setup your petri dishes with radish Setup your petri dishes with radish seeds and watch them grow!!seeds and watch them grow!!

Seed AnatomySeed Anatomy

Seed coatSeed coat: :

-Protection from damage and drying out.-Protection from damage and drying out. CotyledonCotyledon: :

-stored food for growing embryo during germination.-stored food for growing embryo during germination. EmbryoEmbryo::

-Baby plant that remains dormant until germination.-Baby plant that remains dormant until germination. RadicleRadicle: The primary shoot out of the seed : The primary shoot out of the seed GerminationGermination: :

-The process that occurs between the time the seed -The process that occurs between the time the seed coat cracks open until the first leaves appear.coat cracks open until the first leaves appear.

GerminationGermination

1. Seed ends its dormancy1. Seed ends its dormancy

2. The embryo releases the 2. The embryo releases the hormone Gibberellin (this starts hormone Gibberellin (this starts the release of digestive enzymes the release of digestive enzymes which convert the stored which convert the stored starches in cotyledon into starches in cotyledon into sugars for anaerobic cellular sugars for anaerobic cellular respiration)respiration)

GerminationGermination

3. The seed absorbs water, swells, 3. The seed absorbs water, swells, seed coat cracksseed coat cracks

4. Oxygen can now be absorbed so 4. Oxygen can now be absorbed so aerobic respiration begins.aerobic respiration begins.

5. Rapid growth (mitosis) of radicle 5. Rapid growth (mitosis) of radicle occurs. occurs.

*Sketch diagram 17.12 on Page 563*Sketch diagram 17.12 on Page 563

Root Growth – The Root Growth – The ZonesZones Root Cap: Strong tip for protectionRoot Cap: Strong tip for protection Zone of Growth (Apical Meristem): Zone of Growth (Apical Meristem):

Initial Growth/DivisionInitial Growth/Division Zone of Elongation: Cells lengthen Zone of Elongation: Cells lengthen

and elongateand elongate Zone of Maturation: Cells mature Zone of Maturation: Cells mature

and specializeand specialize

Roots – Up close!Roots – Up close!

Complete the microviewer Complete the microviewer activity!activity!

AdaptationsAdaptations

Using your text (P. 563), identify Using your text (P. 563), identify two plant adaptations to the two plant adaptations to the following environments:following environments:

-Desert-Desert -Cold Climate-Cold Climate

-Wet-Wet -Fire-Fire

-Nutrient-Poor Soil-Nutrient-Poor Soil -Shade-Shade

DesertDesert

Waxy cuticle Waxy cuticle (cactus)(cactus)

Small or no leavesSmall or no leaves Extensive Root Extensive Root

systemssystems Quick Germination Quick Germination

and Rapid Growth and Rapid Growth Hardy seedsHardy seeds

Wet EnvironmentsWet Environments

Floating leavesFloating leaves Specialized rootsSpecialized roots Hollow stems for Hollow stems for

oxygen transportoxygen transport Stoma on top of Stoma on top of

leafleaf

Fire AdaptationsFire Adaptations

Seeds need to be Seeds need to be singed to singed to germinategerminate

Fireweed – quick Fireweed – quick growth after firegrowth after fire

Ash environment Ash environment ideal for young ideal for young seedlingsseedlings

Fireweed!

Cold ClimatesCold Climates

Flowers act as Flowers act as solar collectorssolar collectors

Leafs drop offLeafs drop off Dormant periodDormant period

Nutrient-Poor SoilNutrient-Poor Soil

Carnivorous Carnivorous plants – capture plants – capture insects for insects for nutritionnutrition

Parasitic plants Parasitic plants (vines)(vines)

Mistletoe!

Shade AdaptationsShade Adaptations

Smaller plants Smaller plants bloom early bloom early (before maples!)(before maples!)

Rapid growthRapid growth

Plant HormonesPlant Hormones

Complete the Complete the worksheet using worksheet using P. 568 as a P. 568 as a referencereference

Farmer for a day!Farmer for a day!

Pretend you are a commercial Pretend you are a commercial

farmer and want to maximize farmer and want to maximize

your long term profit. your long term profit. Each group will pick a plant hormone Each group will pick a plant hormone

and explain (in a creative way!): and explain (in a creative way!):

a)a) The benefits of using it on your crops The benefits of using it on your crops

b)b) The risks of using it on your cropsThe risks of using it on your crops