_______________________________________________________

111 Kyle Kushman

58 full melt dry sift with bubbleman

10 “Main-Lining” with Nugbuckets

47 activating Cannabinoids, terpenoids, & flavonoids

105 storing cannabis seeds

Nugbuckets

Koma Trichome

Rare Dankness

Greenman Organic Seeds

bubbleman

Plant the Land

44 the herbalizer

85 Cannabis indica

Greenman

organic seeds

10 pack of your

choice!

Cannabis

cultivation

by: mel thomas 4

http://www.instagram.com/komagrows

_______________________________________

A Note from the editor:

Welcome to Plant the Land; A publication for connoisseurs.

Each month you can expect stunning photography, discover unique and traditional

horticultural techniques, and read interviews and contributions from various

individuals including seed breeders, growers, & hash-masters.

You can look forward to our publication on the 1st of each month, found on

http://www.PlanttheLand.com.

Content:

Cultivation

Techniques

Plant Science

Education

Concentrate

production

Edible Recipes

Clinical & Pre-

Clinical Research

Interviews

Reader Interaction

HD Photography

Monthly Give-A-

Ways

Featured: Activists,

Quotes, Music, Art,

Tattoos, Products,

Studies, Books, &

Documentaries.

"......it's just Jedi shit man!......"

In the Spring of 2010 my health began to mysteriously deteriorate. Up until then, I was a

strong and vibrant man in my mid-thirties living a clean and honest lifestyle deep in the woods

of the Upper Mid-West. I awoke one rainy Spring morning suddenly unable to walk, balance

gone, searing pain on the left side of my head above my ear. Soon after came full-body muscle

spasms and partial paralysis of my right arm, my left foot dropping lifelessly. My body,

twitching and trembling with weakness was engulfed in pain. Spirit shaken, mind overcome

with fear. My first thought was brain tumor.......and so the testing began. Countless doctors,

tests, and pain-filled sleepless nights became my reality. After 6 months of crippling pain and

anxiety my diagnoses was finally revealed - Stage 3 Disseminated Lyme Disease. My Life

forever changed.

Fast forward 12 months, sparing the details of the most challenging and painful days of this

journey to date....... I was virtually lifeless, utterly broken I found myself standing at a

crossroads. One path the proverbial "End", the other dimly lit by a distant light......

Faith.......Faith revealed......The Cannabis Plant. She was my beacon, the answer to my

suffering. Through her, my new life was about to begin.

Thrust into the reality of being a very ill patient whom has never grown Cannabis indoors

under artificial light, I took the first logical steps. I emptied a closet, hung a salvaged 400 watt

HPS unit, punched some 4 inch vents through the wall, added a few small fans, and sprouted

some seeds in organic potting soil. My healing journey began, and the simple act of growing

Cannabis quickly became my medicine! However within just a few weeks into my virgin

grow, I watched in HORROR as my plants happily grew out of control into my lights, I was

faced with the reality of learning some serious LST (low stress training), bonsai, or bondage

techniques, and fast! Or risk starting over, which i was determined to avoid.

I learned a hell of a lot from that first grow, and if memory serves, harvested 4 lids of some

very high quality medicine. In retrospect, the knowledge I gained having to severely bond,

torture, and control my poor little plants was of even greater value. For one, I aquired a huge

amount of respect and appreciation for what the Cannabis plant was capable of enduring in the

way of training. Secondly, though I didn't know it then, I started off on what would ultimately

become a SERIOUS obsession......the Art of maximizing efficiency and the quest for the

perfect canopy. It was the perfect project for my O.C.D, or what i like to call it,

"O.C.A.....Obsessive Compulsive Advantage!"

Mainlining was born!

Mainlining Definition: a training and canopy management method for growing Cannabis

that builds a "hub" originating from a single node, thus creating a symmetrical manifold for

equal energy distribution from the root mass to the growing tops. The root mass

indiscriminately distributing energy allowing the plant as a whole to operate in an extremely

efficient manner.

Mainlining Cannabis is simple.....hell, growing Cannabis is simple. The Cannabis growing

industry has run amuck with dis-information via corporate profit motive. Confusion and

intimidation the name of the game. We can get into the industry "dynamics" another

time.....(sigh)..... It is a plant after all, a very efficient plant that has evolved without human

companionship for 30 million years, a plant with SIMPLE needs. Little in the way of

equipment, Organic soil and nutrients, clean water and some common sense is all that is

needed to grow your own high quality medication.

As any newbie patient grower I was faced with a steep learning curve from the beginning.

Becoming efficient at the process while establishing my communication skills (with the

plant) were my priorities. Utilizing the K.I.S.S theory to help strip away all that does not

work or complicate the process in any way. Elementally breaking down the fundamentals,

testing theory, making tweaks. Repeat....Ever watching, feeling, and listening from within

to what the Cannabis Plant was gently prodding me to absorb.....using Logic as a tool, but

ultimately learning how to grow from the Heart.

"when growing Cannabis, less is best.....and less than less is better..."

So, how does Mainlining work?

Increasing output and quality by increasing efficiency within a given space is what it all

boils down to. Mainlining is about growing BIG colas. Consistent in size, shape,

density, and overall quality. In order to do this, FIRST we must focus on the Stems, with

emphasis on "big" and "consistent".

Personally, this is where I think Mainlining really shines. Because the energy from the root

mass is delivered in such an equal and efficient manner, and the terminal colas are all at the

same height gathering equal light, the cola stems become much thicker and stiffer overall.

They attain a larger diameter, thus increasing the vascular cambium surface area critical to

growing very large, dense flowers. It is this paper thin membrane (cambium layer) beneath

the bark, or the "inner bark" if you will, that is responsible for moving water and nutrients

to the hungry, growing plant cells. The more surface area the better, and the more efficient

the plant will become at moving nutrients from the root mass to the growing tops. Because

most of the plants energy is devoted to growing multiple "meristems" and not secondary

axial growth within the understory, (see "Mainlining Refined") a Mainlined plant grows

much more rigid and stronger overall. Almost as if the stems had bamboo built within their

structure. This is helpful when growing delicate stemmed genetics, or particular plants that

are prone to "bud-flop".

This can also be beneficial for outdoor plants that are exposed to harsh conditions such

as high winds or heavy rains. The Mainlined plant needs much less in the way of

external support, even with the added mass of the larger/denser colas.

NEXT In order to maximize potential, we need to put the tops (colas) in the "hot-zone", the

area below the lights where the light is the brightest, most consistent, and ideal for growing

big flowers. And the best way to achieve this is by creating a flat canopy! Ideally we want all

the colas at the same height absorbing light evenly and also each one given the same area

(within the footprint) to grow. When building a foundation of 4, 8, 16, or even 32 colas, all

the growing tops on the Mainlined plant originate from the same lateral plane, a flat even

canopy is the result. A flat canopy can also be advantageous in properly filling a SCROG or

when growing larger plants under the Sun that ultimately require a screen for supplemental

support.

Other Advantages (and Disadvantages) of Mainlining

Yield, overall quality and bud density increases along with plant efficiency and

potential, but this is only the beginning. The amount of "larfy" or "popcorn" bud drops

considerably. I have heard Ed Rosenthal say "fluff is for pillows", and I whole-heartedly

agree. Less larf means more top shelf weight overall. Time invested into manicuring

buds at harvest can be cut nearly in half, keeping bud trimmers happy and productive!

Because energy is distributed evenly to multiple tops, Mainlined plants are generally

shorter and more stout overall than their traditionally grown counterparts. This feature

is bonus for those utilizing grow spaces with height restrictions (8 ft. ceilings or

lower), or for those who prefer smaller more manageable "patio" plants. Smaller

statured plants can be valuable to growers confined to wheelchairs or with other

disabilities that require the use of raised beds thus limiting ceiling height even further.

"Guerilla" gardeners may benefit from shorter/stouter plants with a stronger overall

structure better suited for the elements. They can also offer a less conspicuous profile

lending the plant to blending into the surrounding landscape.

By removing the original "Main" or meristem and building a manifold that spreads out

the vertical growth, the center of the plant is opened up thus facilitating increased air

flow. For outdoor gardeners who grow in areas of high humidity and heavy dew, this

can be crucial to success by helping prevent mold and mildew. Extra ventilation within

the center of the plant can be appreciated by indoor gardener as well.

In my opinion, the advantages to Mainlining greatly out weight the disadvantages, but

there are a few worth mentioning. This method may not be suited to growers who prefer

using their "larfy" material to make hash and oil as Mainlined plants produce so little,

turning the hash or oil aficionado back towards traditional methods.

One of the biggest drawbacks (for some) to Mainlining is it can take an average of 5-20

days of additional "veg" time to properly build a manifold, so it may not be desirable for

gardeners who prefer to keep their veg times as short as possible. However, most

growers I know are operating a perpetual cycled system, therefore the time investment

happens at the beginning of the cycle and once the added time is allotted for and

integrated into the grow, it simply becomes part of the system as a whole. In other

words, I look at it as a one-time investment front-loaded into the beginning of the

perpetual cycle. Please note: The more the Mainlining method is practiced and

mastered, the more "extra" time can be shaved off the process. I have built proper

manifolds and had plants ready to flower in the same amount of time as its traditionally

grown "topped" siblings. Much of this has to do with a deeper understanding of when

and how to prune, and this can only be garnered by experience and a willingness to

listen to the plant tell you when she is ready to be pruned and bonded.

There are also some strains that do not respond to Mainlining as well as others. Strains

that possess substantial hybrid vigor and those that exhibit "single-cola dominant

structure" characteristics perform the best. Often these are Indica leaning hybrid

crosses, but not always. I have had enormous success Mainlining certain Sativa

dominant plants, one must try the method on each individual strain or phenotype to see

for themselves.

The last possible disadvantage, especially for outdoor growers, is the susceptibility of

the main "hub" to split along its vertical axis if the plant is left to grow too tall and

heavy and left unsupported. I have found that a simple Canopy Ring (see "Mainlining

Refined") built from a heavy tomato or peony cage, heavy stakes or a hoop of

galvanized wire fencing can provide the necessary support to avoid this potential

problem.

The Method

I get asked all the time to write a detailed description of the process including what day

to do "this" and what day to do "that". The reason it has never happened is very simple.

All strains and even different phenotypes of the same strain can react differently to the

process. Couple this with a multitude of differing growing environments and styles or

even things such as light intensity, nutrient delivery, and even temperature and it

quickly becomes clear why such an effort would be futile. I believe the use of poignant

images coupled with an explanation of how I choose to do it is the most efficient way

to teach the Mainlining concept, but we will have to leave the dates and times to

Mother Nature. Understand that in order to experience all that Mainlining has to offer,

one must possess a fair understanding of basic Cannabis physiology and growth

patterns. The best Mainliners are simple to spot, they are the ones with the green

thumbs, he-he.... That being said, it is a simple process that anyone can do. So without

further ado, here is how it is done.

I plant seed directly into rapid rooters, and bury them in a quart sized pot of organic

base soil. I will grow the seedling under constant light until it begins to work on

growing it's 6th or 7th true node. At that time I flip to 12/12 for up to 8 days until the

sex is revealed (not necessary) as I prefer to know what I am working with. At that

time she is about 10 inches tall or so. I top the main, and remove everything but 2

nodes with 4 large corresponding

fan leaves. She is pruned for TWO!

(the two main leads originating

from the 'hub", and two clones on

the lower node).

At this time the plant is up-potted into a 2 gallon container, and the ENTIRE mainlining

process (manifold for EIGHT or SIXTEEN) will be built in this pot. After she recovers

from the transplant, the 4 leads (2 on the "hub, and 2 clones) will begin to grow and

stretch. The two lower leads (from the lower node) will be grown until they are ideal

clone length and removed when they are perfectly ready. The upper node is the main

"hub" and I let the two leaders stretch until they reach the desired length. She is pruned

for FOUR and the clones are often removed simultaneously. The two mains are lightly

bonded at this time.

I prefer to place the cuts in a rapid rooter (dipped in Clonex), buried in base soil in a

quart deli cup with a matching dome because this method offers almost 100% success

rate. Also note: the main reason why i choose to take such early clones is because they

are still in a symmetrical branching pattern (please see "Mainlining Refined") and can

be treated exactly like young plants from seed to continue the Mainlining process!

How cool is THAT?

The length I let the two leads stretch may vary depending on the desired overall size of

the manifold (ex: I may want a wider overall framework for a larger plant). Often, I

may want them longer and may need them to grow out a few more "node-lengths" (to

be removed when she is pruned for FOUR!). Note the longer width of the hub on the

larger plant.

As you can see, coated 14 gauge

electrical wire is used for simple

bondage utilizing holes drilled or

poked around the rim of the pot. (I

will cover super-cropping and basic

plant bending strategy in "Mainlining

Refined"). The process is repeated

until she is pruned for EIGHT and

sometimes SIXTEEN depending on

how many colas I want her to finish

with. Notice how she is still in a

symmetrical growth pattern, this is

not always the case especially

working with clones (see "Mainlining

Refined").

Examples of SIXTEEN headed Mainlines about 5-7 days after being pruned for 16,

freshly bonded.

Examples of SIXTEEN headed Mainlines recovered (usually 1-2 days after bondage)

Once the plant is pruned for the desired number of mains (usually 8 or 16) it can be

gently transplanted into her final flower pot. It is FULL THROTTLE from here on out!

These plants are ready to rip! Pretty simple stuff huh?!

When to Flip? The Canopy Ring and Managing the Stretch!

A common question from new growers is "how do you know when to flip?" When is the

optimum time to switch from a vegetative cycle to the flowering cycle?...the answer is

simple, and it pertains to all Cannabis plants regardless if they are Mainlined or

not....when the roots are ready! "Big roots make for big fruits" as the saying goes. After

transplanting the newly Mainlined plant into her final flowering pot, she will use her

existing foliage to convert light energy into growing a healthy root mass suitable for

growing large flowers, and with any freshly transplanted plant this will take a little time.

During this period, the above ground growth will be slowed a bit while the plant focuses

on filling her new pot with feeder roots. When up-potting from a 2 gal to say a 5 or 7

gallon pot for flowering, I usually give her about 14 days or so to "hit her stride" but the

actual time is irrelevant. If you watch the plant closely, you will notice the DAY she

decides her root mass is sufficient in her new home, and she will explode with new foliar

growth. I usually let her "get her freak on" for about 3 days, and then flip her to 12/12.

At this time I will add what I consider to be a game changer to the equation, the Canopy

Ring!

The Canopy ring, as I like to call it is simply a

heavy duty galvanized modified tomato or

peony cage. By modified I mean everything

but the legs and top hoop are clipped out with

a bolt cutters, and short "feet" are bent on the

legs to prevent it from poking through the pot

or pulling out of the soil. Although my hoops

average about 16 inches in diameter, and 24

inches tall depending on the strain I am

growing. I do have some taller ones kicking

around for those long legged gals! The Canopy

Ring is invaluable to the Mainline grower and

offers much more than simple lateral canopy support. It is a means of opening up and

spreading the plant out giving each cola the perfect amount of ventilation and space to

reach its full potential. As an added bonus, coupled with soft plant ties, the grower can

quickly and effortlessly modify the plants footprint by simply sliding the stem(s) along the

perimeter of the ring changing the shape of the plant! This can prove extremely valuable

when "puzzle piecing" plants into a defined space! You have a square space to fill? Make

a square! Triangle? Make one! That pesky diamond space in the middle of the room?

BOOM! Done!

When managing the "stretch" on a Mainlined plant, the object is to keep the vertical

growth as even as possible, and we do this with the help of a couple little tricks. Using

the canopy ring, there will be a few colas that occupy the center of the ring, and the rest

are tied around the perimeter with soft ties. As the leaders are stretching, simply guide

the taller ones to the outside of the ring, and the shorter ones to the inside. This

technique coupled with a little super-cropping here and there, and you will be staring at

a perfectly level canopy 21 days (avg) after flipping to 12/12!....Easy!

The colas occupying the center of the ring may need a stick or two of bamboo to hold

them steady as they get crazy phat! But other than that, Mainlined plants need very little

in the way of external support, and now that they are done stretching, it is "set it and

forget it" the rest of the way! Roll a well deserved spliff, sit back, and watch those

Mainlined colas pack on the mass!

Mainlining FTMFW!

Mainlining Refined

Mainlining Clones

If Mainlining could be described using one word, that word would be Symmetry. After

all, symmetry is essential when building the manifold, and we use the symmetrical

growth pattern of the seedling and young plant to build it properly. So what do we do

when working with clones or a plant that decides to go into an asymmetrical branching

pattern before the manifold is complete? Again the answer is a simple

one.....Suppression. When the plant is pruned while asymmetrical, there will be a

dominant and subordinate leader. A simple pinch and bend (super-cropping) is all it

takes to sway the balance of dominance, and it usually only takes one round to equalize

the two.

Super-Cropping

Super-cropping is often used in Mainlining to temporarily suppress the growth of a

"main" that has grown taller than the rest. It is simple. Use your thumb nail to pinch

the inside of the bend 3 or 4 times using moderate pressure to enable the area to

withstand the severe bend. It is very important to get a good pinch on the stem before

bending to prevent it from snapping. It is alright if the outside of the bend splits a little

longitudinally, what we want to avoid is a perpendicular break. If that happens,

simply tape it up and let it heal.

Pruning the Understory

Whether Mainlining or utilizing other methods of training, do yourself a favor and

prune out the secondary growth (understory) not receiving sufficient light. If it is not

in the "hot-zone" get rid of it. This material will rob energy away from growing colas.

I prune heavily, leaving about 12-20 inches of finish cola stem to pack on mass.

"Get yourself a slow masticating juicer, and juice ALL your trimmings!.....Here's to

your health!...Cheers!"

Timing of Pruning

Please be sure the plant has a substantial root system established before embarking on

the Mainlining process to avoid stunting the poor plant! I have seen beginners (and self-

anointed professionals) severely prune back plants that have recently been transplanted.

Or even worse newly rooted clones hacked back and expected to thrive. FAIL! Use

common sense!

Important X-tras

Don't be afraid to aggressively manipulate or bond your plants. The Cannabis plant is

extremely tenacious and fast healing. I tweak my girls often. A little super-crop here, or

twist and snap or bondage over there. Esp. through the first 21 days of flower.

Sometimes it takes an aggressive approach to reach the desired results when creating a

flat canopy. Learning how to achieve this in a gentle but assertive way is essential.

Approach your plants with Love, and they will not only be forgiving, but heal and

respond very quickly.

And finally, anytime you prune, be sure to leave a big healthy fan leaf below the axial

growth you want to promote. The corresponding fan leaf is the solar panel for the axial

sprout directly above it, so we want it big and healthy to promote fast and vigorous

growth!

Conclusion

It has been 4 years this Spring since my first symptoms of Chronic Lyme Disease. Since

then I have been working symbiotically with the Cannabis Plant to perfect the

Mainlining process so I can offer it to the community, healing my body, mind and Spirit

every step of the way. But this body of work has so little to do with me personally. This

is simply one of the many gifts from the Cannabis plant selflessly given to a suffering

Man. I can honestly say that if not for the grace and generosity of this Life giving plant,

I would not be alive to share this knowledge. But I believe the biggest lesson of all this

great Being has to teach us is unconditional, non-judgmental, selfless LOVE. All things

are possible with Love.

Please take this lesson from the Cannabis plant into your heart and integrate

Compassion and Love into your reality. Please take time to help someone less fortunate

than yourself. If you are a grower, give freely a portion of your harvest to someone

unable to afford it. There is simply not enough Cannabis medicine available for the sick

and less fortunate. She has selflessly given us so much, it is up to all of us as a

community to return the favor. Only through Love and Compassion will we see

significant positive Change in this reality. Then and only then will the Cannabis Plant

and Man symbiotically reach their full potential......Together.

Live/Love,

http://www.freshheadies.com

herbalizer, the volcano killer

,

° C (250-450° F) rather than a flame,

to release cannabinoids and other

compounds found in cannabis into a

pure, healthy and flavorful vapor that

can be inhaled. The resulting vapor

contain no tars, hydrocarbons,

benzene, carbon monoxide, or other

toxic pyrolytic gases and by products

of combustion. In other words, you

obtain all “beneficials” without

compromise. This fact alone may be

What is all the hype about the Herbalizer? Why is this particular device being called the

Volcano Killer? Read on and discover why this is our choice for an elite vaporizer. We will

also cover Cannabinoids, Terpenoids, and Flavonoids. What key roles do these compounds play

in our experience with cannabis? What method is best to achieve activation and why is this all

important? The significance is incredible and understanding this concept will change the

connoisseur’s relationship with the cannabis plant.

The Herbalizer is the next-generation vaporizer, which is a “smokeless” delivery system that

can be used for cannabis inhalation. Vaporization uses a flow of hot air ranging from 121 -232

appealing to the health-conscious individual but the following information can transform the way

we all look at medicating with cannabis. Many of the compounds in cannabis are in fact free

radical scavengers. Studies show that many; if not all of the negative effects resulting from the

combustion of cannabis are countered by the plant’s medicinal properties. This is why there are

so many people that smoke cannabis but there remains to be no documented cancer cases solely

from cannabis inhalation. So why vaporize when it appears there are only relatively minor &

infrequent reports of negative health effects? Well if it isn’t convincing enough knowing

vaporized cannabis contains none of the unwanted by-products of combustion, the authors of a

study at the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics stated that “the immediate

herbalizer, the volcano killer

concentrations of cannabinoids were found to be measurably higher in vaporized cannabis

compared to smoked cannabis when given the same quantity.” Surely, an intriguing discovery.

Furthermore, you can even “customize your high” when using a vaporizer that’s precise and

consistent. Because all of the plant’s compounds have different activation points, you can

vaporize the same cannabis at two different temperatures and experience two, noticeably

different highs.

-Here’s how it works:

By controlling the temperature perfectly, you can command exactly what you extract

from the cannabis because each cannabinoid had a different volitization temperature. For

example, THC and CBD vaporize at different temperatures (found on page 19) and each

one affects you differently. Moreover, cannabis has 114 cannabinoids, some make you

feel stoned, some make you feel energized, some help you sleep, some make you full of

conversation, some reduce pain, and so on.

Now, for the first time ever, using the Hebalizer, we can now pick our favorite cannabis

compounds and tailor our high. This is truly revolutionary.

I’ve also discovered something else new, the flavor rainbow. Each time I bump the

temperature up by just 15°F, instantly a new flavor and aroma is produced, and it not just

fascinating but really important. Growers, pay attention – this concept allows for the

discovery of an entirely new spectrum of flavors, aromas, and effects about the cannabis

you grow. Your herb will never be the same predictable product. If it was phenomenal

before, this perspective will expose its true potential.

If you are like me and search for only the best cannabis, then you too want the best

delivery option.

Product profile: The Herbalizer is made in the US and is designed by two individuals who

developed the highest performing supercomputer for NASA satellite control. Yes,

seriously. I guess these guys had higher aspirations than designing for space. This “desktop

vaporizer” has digital controls and a full-color LCD and a 32-MHz 16-bit processor, an in-

air temperature sensor, and a 300W quartz halogen heater to deliver heat at the speed of

light. So no matter how fast the air is drawn, the precise temperature ensures the activation

of cannabis’ specific compounds that are ultimately released into your vapor. Using the

Herbalizer, you have versatility; you can choose between the option of the whip with

assisted delivery, the balloon, or just “freestyle” directly into the environment.

The Herbalizer’s attributes are endless but a few as mentioned above, are why I personally

recommend this great product.

-------------------------------------

Beginning on page 50 , is a detailed table which displays each compound’s activation

point and specific medical value.

I hope you all are as thrilled as I first was to participate in this relatively new &

fascinating approach. It’s just another benefit we can embrace while medicating with our

favorite plant, cannabis.

Cannabinoid, Terpenoid, & Flavonoid

Activation

c a n n a b i n o i d s: Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds

that act on cannabinoid receptors on cells that repress neurotransmitter release in the

brain. These cannabinoids are unique to only the cannabis plant. The most notable

cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid (phyto meaning found in the plant) ∆9 -

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound of cannabis.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is another major constituent of the plant. At this moment, other than

THC and CBD, there are at least 83 different cannabinoids isolated from cannabis

including Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabigerol (CBG), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV),

Cannabidivarin (CBDV), & Cannabichromene (CBC).

These phyto-cannabinoids, in association with the plants terpenes and flavonoids, are

responsible for the relaxation and medicinal benefits resulting from cannabis

consumption.

T e r p e n e s : The name "terpene" is derived from the word "turpentine". Found

in many plants and even some insects, terpenes or terpenoids are organic chemicals

responsible for the aromatic experience we welcome with pleasure when in the company

of cannabis and many other plants. Terpenes can be found in pine trees, citris,

peppermint, rosemary, black pepper, & lavender among countless other plants that offer

distinctive, strong smells. Around 200 terpenes to date have been found in the cannabis

plant, some much more prevalent than others. Because of specific measurements, it may

now be possible, with a cannabinoid and terpenoid analysis, to accurately verify the

genetic lineage of various strains.

Cannabinoid, Terpenoid, & Flavonoid

Activation (continued)

As mentioned above, cannabis possesses many of the same terpenes as other plants we

cherish because of their desirable fragrances. So we can now understand why we sense

the familiar smell of blueberries in DJ Short’s Blueberry or berries in Apothecary

Genetic’s Ape Berry. Here is a list of a few common terpenes found in the cannabis

plant: Alpha/Beta Pinene (Pine), Myrcene (mangos, tropical fruits, hops), Limonene

(fruit peels, rosemary, peppermint), Beta-Caryophyllene (black pepper, Oregeno, cloves),

& Linalool (Lavendar).

F l a v o n o i d s: The word “flavonoid” derives from the Latin word “flavus”

meaning yellow, their color in nature. Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants,

fulfilling numerous functions. Flavonoids are the most important plant pigments for

flower coloration, giving the color designed to primarily attract animals for pollination.

About 20 are found in cannabis, as “free flavonoids and conjugated glycosides”.

Apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, orientin, and quercetin exist in many plants; other

flavonoids are unique to cannabis, such as “cannflavins”.

Flavonoids are polyphenols and have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and

antiviral properties.

P h y t o c a n n a b i n o i d s

Structure Concentration

(% dry weight)

Boiling

Point °C/F

Properties

∆-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

0.1-25%

157°C

314.6°F

Euphoriant, Anti-cancer,

Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory,

Antioxidant, Antiemetic

Cannabidiol (CBD)

0.1-2.89%

160-180°C

320-356°F

Anti-cancer, Anxiolytic, Analgesic,

Antipsychotic, Anti-inflammatory,

Antioxidant, Antispasmodic

Cannabinol (CBN)

0.0-1.6%

185°C

365°F

Oxidation breakdown product,

Sedative, Antibiotic

Cannabichromene (CBC)

0.0-0.65%

220°C

428°F

Anti-inflammatory, Antibiotic,

Antifungal

Cannabigerol (CBG)

0.03-1.15%

MP

52°C 125.6°F

Anti-inflammatory, Antibiotic,

Antifungal

Δ-8-tetrahydrocannabinol

(Δ-8-THC)

0.0-0.1%

175-178°C

347-352.4°F

Resembles

Δ-9-THC,

Less psychoactive,

More stable,

Antiemetic

Tetrahydrocannabivarin

(THCV)

0.0-1.36%

< 220°C

<428°F

Analgesic,

Euphoriant

T e r p e n o i d s

Cannabis Constituent Structure*

Concentration†

%

Boiling Point

°C/°F

Properties

β-myrcene 0.47% 166-168°C

330.8-334.4°F

Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory,

Antibiotic, Anti-mutagenic

β-caryophyllene

0.05%

119°C

246.2°F

Anti-inflammatory,

Cytoprotective (gastric

mucosa), Antimalarial

d-limonene

0.14%

177°C

350.6°F

Cannabinoid agonist, Immune

potentiator, Antidepressant,

Antimutagenic

Linalool

0.002%

198°C

388.4°F

Sedative, Antidepressant,

Anxiolytic, Immune

potentiator

Pulegone 0.001% 224°C

435.2°F

Memory booster, AChE

inhibitor, Sedative, Antipyretic

1,8-cineole (eucalyptol)

> 0.001%

176°C

348.8°F

AChE inhibitor, Increases

cerebral blood flow, Stimulant,

Antibiotic, Antiviral, Anti-

inflammatory, Antinociceptive

α-pinene

0.04%

156°C

312.8°F

Anti-inflammatory

Bronchodilator Stimulant

Antibiotic Antineoplastic AChE

inhibitor

α-terpineol

0.02%

217-218°C

422.6-424.4°F

Sedative, Antibiotic, AChE

inhibitor, Antioxidant,

Antimalarial

Terpineol-4-ol 0.0004% 209°C

408.2°F

AChE inhibitor, Antibiotic

p-cymene

0.0004% 177°C

350.6°F

Antibiotic, Anticandidal, AChE inhibitor

Borneol 0.008% 210°C

410°F

Antibiotic

∆-3-carene

0.004% 168°C

338.4°F

Anti-inflammatory

F l a v o n o i d s

Cannabis Constituent Structure*

Concentration†

%

Boiling Point °C/°F

Properties

Apigenin

> 0.1%

178°C

352.4°F

Anxiolytic, Anti-inflammatory,

Estrogenic

Quercetin

> 0.1%

250°C

482°F

Antioxidant, Antimutagenic,

Antiviral, Antineoplastic

Cannflavin A

0.02%

182°C

359.6°F

COX inhibitor,

LO inhibitor

β-sitosterol

?

134°C

273.2°F

Anti-inflammatory, 5-a-reductase

inhibitor

“Full Melt Dry Sift” By Bubblebags Founder: Bubbleman

“Today I'm going to take you through extracting and cleaning your dry sift. I will take

you through three separate screens and the process that will help you clean your farmer’s

grade hash, which is generally 75% contaminant, sometimes even higher.

The first shot is a simple product shot of the box.

Don’t think you need the box to do this, just the screens. The three screens the box uses

are a 140u, a 107u, and a 70u. Three screens will give us just the control we need to

produce the full-melt dry sift that is in my opinion, the holy grail of Hash.”

So let's open up our bubblebox and get this show starred. If you don't have a bubblebox

you can get one at Freshheadies.com and if you’re not as committed to having the top

quality tools you can buy just the screens inside for less than half the price of the box.

The box is built to last with birds eye maple and double strength hinges The screens

come with a wood cover on top and a set of keys to lock it when you’re done using it .

You can also get these screens stretched over frames for you at your local silk screener.

So originally I sold this box for people who didn't smoke much hash or make any hash

for that matter. I figured they could break up their joints over the screens and collect the

resin this way. But really what I was doing was teaching them unwittingly how to make

great dry sift. Our top screen on the bubble box is a 140u so the perfect size heads can

fall thru. Sure, some strains may have larger heads but generally a 140 is a safe top

screen size. Breaking up your nugget into powder is ideal for dry sifting and joint rolling

so double bonus, this top screen will keep the majority of the cannabis on the top of the

screen while allowing smaller things to fall through. Because we don't have the help of

water keeping everything afloat (like with bubblebags) a lot of contaminant will fall thru

but that's ok. This is why we use more than one screen.

So because I don't actually smoke joints in gonna card this herb gently over the screen.

Making sure to get as much of the resin to fall thru as possible. Remember when you do

this you also get a lot of contaminant which will make for even longer cleaning process.

So let's lift the top screen (140u) and see what's fallen through. Remember I just did a

super quick run here so my main point here isn't to make a ton, it's to show you how to

clean what you’ve extracted and you will quickly learn the more gently you extract he

initial batch he easier it will be to clean up drysift. The second screen is a 107 micron. I

also put the screen sizes in LPI which stands for lines per inch.

So here is the material that was carded for a little under 3 minutes and produced a single

screen Dry sift. Which to the naked eye looks great. However with the help of my macro

lens i am going to LIFE THE VEIL of why most dry sift does NOT MELT.

A little closer on the dry sift and you can see a lot of capitate stalks and cystolith hairs.

Ie those long white things. They are non-glandular and non-medicinal. This is a farmers

grade sift that desperately needs to be cleaned over some second and third screens, what

we can do is place this 140u micron screened hash on top of our secondary 100u micron

screen and gently card the material through. I used my ski pass card but any ridged card

will do. You must be gentle while doing this.

So now I will place the first screened dry sift on top of my secondary screen 107u is the

screen size. What we do now is GENTLY card the resin Back and Forth. This screen

may allow everything through which is fine. What it's doing is breaking up the powder

to ready it for further cleaning:

So this is basically what you want to do with your single screened drysift. Place it on top

of the 107u screen and gently card back and forth. Don't be surprised it all goes through.

This is ok. Next screen will clean everything we don't want.

Well I carded it for about 5 minutes and this was what was under my second screen

sitting on top of my third 70u screen. Now pretty much everything came through but it

made it smoother and more broken down which will make the next steps easier:

I spent 10 minutes on the third screen; 107u micron, gently back and forth pushing all

non-glandular material through the screen leaving us with a much cleaner process. I will

clean for an additional 5 minutes each time to show you how clean it's getting. This is

patient work cleaning your dry sift. Next up a shot of this up close:

After 10 minutes of carding to the trained eye it's cleaner. However. Not clean enough.

I'd say easy over 50% contaminant still. Let's get back to work. Did I mention this is an

artform and to get a pure product takes PATIENCE and is completely counter intuitive to

what you THINK you will need to do. Which is extract hard and heavy (get tons of

contaminant) and then clean too much at once which never works).

Well it's just now starting to look better to me at 15minutes of carding over the 70u

screen. Still plenty of contaminants but much less than where we started. I would say we

are around 35% non-glandular material in this dry sift , clearly we are not done yet. Back

to the bubblebox.

Here we have the same material now worked for 20 minutes and you can see its getting

cleaner. We are seeing less and less capitate stalks and cystolith hairs and more of a

concentration of Glandular trichome heads.

After 25 minutes of patient carding the dry sift is starting to get towards 80% plus pure

gland heads. This should now melt in a bowl.

Let’s see if it melts in a bowl... loading up with my Skillettool

Pre Melt Macro:

Well it’s melting but nowhere near Full-melting.

So we have more work to do. (gotta admit it tasted amazing)

After carding for 30 minutes, the hash is closer to a 90% purity than 80% . Still lots of

contaminant but I’m sure the melt will be a little more this time around.

Well it’s definitely still got some plant matter and contaminant in it but the melt factor

is higher and the taste was much more concentrated.

Here is a naked eye perspective of the 30 minute carded dry sift. You can see even with

the eye there are bits of things that don't belong. I guess we're still not done.

Ok so this is really what we have all been waiting for. The 95% plus pure heads.

Getting them cleaner and cleaner and although i can't make a kilo at a time yet.. i can

definitely get those heads into a near 99% purity in small amounts.. Here's what i got

after 35 minutes of carding gently

Another Macro:

Here's some poured out onto my bubblebox, still a little contaminant in there but damn

if it’s not mostly headies.

How about a PURE HEADS shot. That’s what we all want to see generally 100% pure

glandular trichome heads:

I also wanted to add to this what we cleaned out of all those headies and why dry sift is

such a small return. The 70u screen we used will still let gland heads fall through, but

they are smaller than 70u and generally not the best of the best. I know people who

enjoy their 45u bubble but i personally smoke mostly the 120µ-73µ bubble and that’s

where my enjoyment lies. So there will still be some active's under your final screen on

the catch plate but they will be best in my opinion for making edibles.

Here you see the high percentage of capitate stalks and cystolith hairs with some smaller

heads mixed in. This is why most peoples dry sift DOES NOT MELT.

-Another shot of the bottom catch plate. As you can see with multi-screen dry sifting,

you do not get the BEST at the bottom of the catch plate. That is reserved for the top of

our last screen 70µ.

So as to not leave you with a nasty shot like that for the end of an

informative photo essay, i will post one more shot of the bowl I’m about to

consume:

Volume 3

Author: St. Oner

Review:

“The title does not let us down as it covers the finest Indica strains

available with the most stunning photography we’ve seen yet. This edition

has the perfect balance of simplicity and significant detail. Once opened, I

could not set it down as I and many of my guests were astonished by its

unrivaled photography and well investigated strain-coverage. I’ve read a

couple books this month for this section of our release and this is one

worth publishing, definitely a must see and must read.

The strains covered range from the tasty Romulan to dozens of Kush

varieties; some newly created and some already wide-spread.

No one has covered my favorite sub-species as well as St. Oner. As a

grower and genetics collector, this book is of great value.

Cannabis Indica is one of the few that has a permanent spot on my table.”

–Plant the Land 2014

Plant the Land was pleased to sit down with TGA Genetics & bring

you an exclusive interview:

51

PTL: In your 10 years since TGA's creation, do you have a favorite plant of

the 37 varieties?

TGA: As with food, over time our tastes go back and forth. MzJill has always

been a huge fan of Space Bomb. Subcool always enjoyed smoking Space Bomb

as well, but recently his tastes have change to Dr Who in hash form. A couple

puffs of Jilly Bean always puts a smile on your face and a bounce in your step!

PTL: We love TGA's non-feminized & non-auto-flowering seed-making

standards, few breeders have that policy because of the demands in the

market. Why is this policy important to you?

TGA: Because we believe that feminized seeds are just a marketing ploy aimed

at people who don't understand how to do a simple male/female selection from

seed. Also feminized seeds can not be used to breed with, this assuring that the

companies that produce feminized seeds, can't be copied. As California growers

and protectors of the marijuana gene pool, we would not want this unadulterated

pollen flying around ruing our wonderful crops.

PTL: Subcool and Mz Jill: What were you doing before you started TGA

and what made you guys launch the company?

TGA: Subcool was involved with the construction industry when the economy

took a down turn. He had always been an amateur breeder and had a lot of

interest in it, so it seemed the most natural and logical course to follow. MzJill

was working as a teaching assistant and raising 3 children as a single mom,

while volunteering for people less fortunate. Jill was a medical grower, helping

supply medibles and clones to people in need... so the birth of TGA was a new

way to reach and help more people.

PTL: The School of Dank has been a

great success not only for education but

it also raises money for kids with

autism. How is TGA involved?

TGA: This is often quite misunderstood.

We did not create The School of Dank,

we do not handle the funding and we are

not a nonprofit. Subcool and Mz Jill had

enough notoriety and fan base to be the

featured speaker at the first School of

Dank. Subcool's name was originally

used due to the notoriety. The School of

Dank was founded and is managed by

Jinx Proof and Miss Rose, who got the

idea of helping families of autistic

children, as they have an Autistic son. Chernobyl – TGA Genetics

We are very proud to be an ongoing part of this amazing charity. We will be

doing our 3rd School of Dank June 24th and 25th, 2014. You can contact The

Dank Tank in Seattle Washington or The School of Dank on Face Book for

more details.

PTL: People commonly consider TGA as the best genetics in seed form

and are always anticipating your next move, have you been working on

any new projects lately?

TGA: We are currently working on several projects, too many too list!

However our work now is mainly shifting its focus to the high CBD strains

for their medicinal uses. We have pretty much nailed down the super potent

high THC strains that include nearly every flavor of the rainbow. Recently we

hit 19% CBD and 6% THC in our strain Pennywise. Subcool has just recently

created an exciting new cross, using the infamous Pinot Noir from Aficionado

Seeds in The Emerald Triangle & crossing it with our TGA Space Queen

male, carrying the name of a fine blend of wines -Cuvee. MzJill has a new

strain ready for release. It is a cross of Kyle Kushman's Strawberry Cough &

our TGA Space Queen male. This strain was made in honor of MzJill's

childhood friend who has ALS. This one’s for you Brian. Brian Berry Cough!

Storing Seeds:

A question often asked by new growers is how to store seeds and how

long do seeds in storage remain viable. Essentially the rules to follow

are to keep your seeds in a cool dark place using an air tight container.

Freezer

Some people believe that storing seeds in the freezer is the best way to

keep them viable , however the freezing process itself ruptures cells that

make up the seed which is why the recommendation is often

accompanied with the warning that some seeds will be lost through the

process. There are specially designed pieces of laboratory equipment

which slowly bring the cell tissue to a freezing temperature however

cost effectiveness and availability don't really make them a

consideration for most.

If you do wish to use your freezer , place the seeds into an air tight or

vacuum sealed container with a food grade desiccant satchel before

putting them into the freezer.

Refrigerator

A refrigerator is a suitable place to store your seeds though you have to

remain cautious about moisture build-up as failure to do so can lead to

the loss of your collection.

If you want to store your seeds in the fridge place the seeds into an air

tight or vacuum sealed container with a food grade desiccant satchel or

two before putting them into the fridge. This will help avoid the build up

of moisture in the container.

Seeds stored in the fridge should remain viable for quite a few years ,

many have reported success after over 8-10 years storage. Though they

will go off eventually and as time goes on you can expect the viability

and rate of germination to slow until an eventual failure.

Room Temperature

For storage lengths of a few years or less, room temperature storage in a

dark cool area like a cupboard is satisfactory.

If you want to store your seeds at room temperature, place your seeds

into an air tight or vacuum sealed container with a food grade desiccant

satchel or two before putting them into a cool , dark place. This will help

avoid the build up of moisture in the container.

Seeds stored at room temperature should remain viable for quite a few

years so long as you use an airtight container. Though they will go off

eventually and as time goes on you can expect the viability and rate of

germination to slow until an eventual failure.

Hope this has answered a few initial questions , of course everyone has

their own opinions on the topic so always look around for other peoples

opinions.

Plant the Land was also honored to sit down with Veganic’s

specialist:

Kyle Kushman

“Good afternoon Kyle, thank you for taking the time out

of your day to sit down with us. I know we appreciate

hearing from you and I’m sure our readers do as well.”

PTL: “How long have you been working with Strawberry Cough & what are

its origins?”

Kyle: “I’ve been growing Strawberry Cough since 2000. She was given to me

by a novice grower from Bridgeport Connecticut. It was the first time this

grower ever attempted to breed. When he crossed the fabled Strawberry Fields

with an intense Haze, the legend was born.”

PTL: “Over the years, the cannabis community has been grateful to see a lot of

Strawberry Cough and she’s become a favorite among connoisseurs, is she

your favorite plant as well, and if so, why?”

Kyle: “She has been since day one and still is my favorite. To me it’s the

perfect cannabinoid profile for daytime. I get equally focused as I do high. It’s

kind of like when using binoculars. You roll that little wheel back and forth to

get the focus just right. That’s what Strawberry Cough does for my attitude.”

PTL: “As growers ourselves, we’re excited to hear about your new nutrient

line; Vegamatrix. Those that are unfamiliar with Veganics, what are the

benefits of this clean, plant derived feeding program?”

Kyle: “Organic cultivation is wonderful. But Veganics is better. This is because

the nutrition is easier to metabolize. Veganic nutrition is extremely bio-

available without needing decomposition. After plants remove the nutrition

from animal excrement you’re left with residue that amounts to poop. When

you remove the nutrition from Veganic nutrients, all you’re left with is complex

carbohydrates. Which in turn stimulate your beneficial microbes. I like to say,

take the poop out your pot. I believe that ten years from now we will be buying

Veganic produce in the supermarket. It’s like Thanksgiving dinner vs. Sushi.

They’re both good for you. But after eating one, your body needs to relax and

produce loads of enzymes so your body can digest and metabolize. But sushi

gives you instant energy. Everything you put in is instantly available. Better

nutrition absolutely translates to the finished product. As the earth gets dirtier,

so does the excrement from animals. Residues of antibiotics, hormones, and

pesticides from the grasses and other foods they eat are ever increasing.

Veganic nutrients are consistent, clean and 100% free from pathogens and

contamination. Healthy plants, healthy people, healthy planet.”

PTL: “Among Jurassic Haze, Cherry Lopez, & the Strawberry Cough, you

have some great strains in your line-up, in the future, can we expect Kushman’s

Genetics in seed banks like the Attitude or will you remain exclusive to

dispensaries?”

Kyle: “I’m working with Aaron Justis and Tyler Wadleigh on bringing the best

of Kushman Genetics to the world.”

PTL: “I’m sure you have several projects planned for this year, what’s your

main focus for 2014 and what can we expect from Kyle Kushman?”

Kyle: “My primary focus right now is to educate the public on the benefits of

Veganic cultivation, specifically, why I created Vegamatrix. Kushman Genetics

should also be launching several strains by year’s end. I’m also working on a

Veganic Growumentary with legend Tommy Chong. It going to be an exciting

year. I’m also looking forward to more acceptance and further legalization of

cannabis. Please visit my websites www.KyleKushman.com and

Vegamatrix.net.”