PLANTAGENET

1. GEOFFREY PLANTAGENET (nicknamed le Bel), Count of Anjou and Maine, Knt., son and heir of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, Countess of Maine, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine, born 24 Nov. 1113. He married at Le Mans, Maine 17 June 1128 MAUD OF ENGLAND, Empress of Almain, sometimes styled “Lady of the English” (rarely “Queen of the English”), widow of Henry V, Emperor of Almain (died 23 May 1125), and daughter and heiress of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy, by his 1st wife, Maud, daughter of Malcolm III (Canmore), King of Scotland. She was born at London 7 Feb. 1102. They had three sons (see below). By an unknown mistress (or mistresses), Geoffrey also had one son, Hamelin [5th Earl of Surrey], and two daughters, Emme and Mary (nun) [Abbess of Shaftesbury]. Maud was declared heir presumptive to her father in 1126. On her father, King Henry I’s death in 1135, she at once entered Normandy to claim her inheritance. The border districts submitted to her, but England chose her cousin, Stephen, for its king, and Normandy soon followed suit. The following year, Geoffrey gave Ambrières, Gorron, and Châtilon-sur-Colmont to Juhel de Mayenne, on condition that he help obtain the inheritance of Geoffrey’s wife, Maud. In 1139 Maud landed in England with 140 knights, where she was besieged at Arundel Castle by King Stephen. In the civil war which ensued, Stephen was captured at Lincoln in Feb. 1141 and imprisoned at Bristol. A legatine council of the English church held at Winchester in April 1141 declared Stephen deposed and proclaimed Maud “Lady of the English.” Stephen was subsequently released from prison and had himself recrowned on the anniversary of his first coronation. During 1142 and 1143, Geoffrey secured all of Normandy west and south of the Seine, and, on 14 Jan. 1144, he crossed the Seine and entered Rouen. He assumed the title of Duke of Normandy in summer 1144. In 1144 he founded an Augustine priory at Château-l’Ermitage in Anjou. Geoffrey held the duchy until 1149, when he and Maud conjointly ceded it to their son, Henry, which cession was formally ratified by King Louis VII of France the following year. GEOFFREY, Count of Anjou and Maine, died at Château-du-Loir 7 Sept. 1151, and was buried in St. Julien’s, Le Mans, Maine. In 1153 the Treaty of Westminster allowed Stephen should remain King of England for life and that Maud’s son, Henry, should succeed him. MAUD, late Empress of Almain, died at Rouen, Normandy 10 Sept. 1167, and was buried at Bec Abbey. At her death, her wealth was distributed to the poor, and to various hospitals, churches, and monasteries.

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 34–37. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 6 (1730): 3–21 (sub Anjou). W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 20 (Robert, Earl of Gloucester, styled “my brother” [fratre meo] by Empress Maud). F. Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104–108 (Maud, Abbess of Montivilliers, styled “sister” [soror] of Empress Maud). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). W. Stubbs Hist. Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London 1 (Rolls Ser. 68) (1876): 293 (sub 1150: “Dum Gaufridus Plantegenest comes Andegavorum rediret Parisius a curia regis Francorum, concessit in fata apud Castrum Lidii, sepultus est autem Cenomannis in ecclesia Sancti Juliani.”). C. de Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 96–135. R.W. Eyton Court, Household and Itinerary of Henry II (1878): 75n, 85n, 182, 244, 319, Index, sub tit. ‘Anjou, Comtes of.’ G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 4 (equestrian seal of Geoffrey Plantagenet). L. Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 2. A. Luchaire Études sur les Actes de Louis VII (1885): 138. B. de Broussillon Sigillographie des Seigneurs de Laval 1095–1605 (1888). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 108, 125–128, 180. Genealogist n.s. 13 (1896): 1–10. J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 32–34 (charter names Geoffrey’s brother, Hélie), 518, 539. E. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30–31, 45–47, 55–61, 97, 161–162. L. Froger Inventaire des Titres de l’Abbaye de Beaulieu du Mans: 1124–1413 (1907): 4. C. Urseau Cartulaire Noir de la Cathédrale d’Angers (1908): 225–228, 286–288, 311–314, 352–354. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 135–144. D.N.B. 13 (1909): 54–58 (biog. of Empress Maud: “… In (her) later years the harsh and violent temper which had marred one period of her career seems to have been completely mastered by the real nobleness of character… Germans, Normans, and English are agreed as to her beauty”); 15 (1909): 1284–1285 (“… Inveterate usage has attached the surname Plantagenet to the great house which occupied the English throne from 1154 to 1485, but the family did not assume the surname until the middle of the fifteenth century”). English Hist. Rev. 27 (1912): 417–444; 42 (1927): 569–572; 76 (1961): 649–654. C.P.R. 1266–1272 (1913): 206–207 (example of usage of title “Empress of Almain” for Maud). A. Angot Généalogies Féodales Mayennaises du XI au XIII Siècle e e (1942): 567. C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 353–354. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). H.W.C. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066–1154 3 (1968): 43, 156–157, 223–224, 233–235, 258, 331. G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 82 (sub Anjou) (erroneously identifies Emme, wife of Guy [V] “Sire de Laval as a legitimate daughter of Geoffrey, Count of Anjou). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 35. Fam. Hist. 14 (1987): 69–79. H.M.W. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800–1400) (1987): XII.9, XIII.15, XIII.992–994, XIV.23. Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 5th Ser. 38 (1988): 107–130. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 53. F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999). N. Vincent “William Marshal, King Henry II and the Honour of Chateauroux” Archives: Jour. of the British Rec. Assoc. 25 (2000) footnotes 64, 69 [corrects R.W. Eyton Court, Household and Itinerary of Henry II (1878): 85n, 319, and 17th Century genealogy of Chauvigny family (Bibliothèque Nationale Ms. Français 16789 f.37), both of which allege Raoul de Déols (died 1176), seigneur of Chateauroux in Barry, married a sister of King Henry II; see also C.P. 4 (1916): 313–314 (sub Devon) for evidence proving that Raoul de Déols married Agnes, daughter of Ebbes V, seigneur of Charenton, by whom he left a daughter and heiress, Denise (wife successively of Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, André de Chauvigny, and William, Count of Sancerre)].

Children of Geoffrey Plantagenet, by Maud of England:

i. HENRY II OF ENGLAND [see next].

ii. GEOFFREY, Knt., Count of Anjou and Nantes, held the castles of Chinon (Indre-et-Loire), Loudon (Vienne), and Mirebeau (Vienne) in France as his appanage, 2nd son, born at Rouen, Normandy about 1 June 1134. He died without issue 26 July 1158. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 37. E. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 46–47, 96–97, 161–162. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 370. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). J. Le Patourel Feudal Empires: Norman and Plantagenet 9 (1984): 1–17. F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999). M. Chibnall Piety, Power and History in Medieval England and Normandy (2000): XIV 111.

iii. WILLIAM LONGESPÉE (otherwise WILLIAM FITZ EMPRESS), Vicomte of Dieppe, of Throwley, Kent, North Luffenham, Rutland, and Acton and Oulton, Suffolk, 3rd son, born at Argentan 21 July 1136. In 1158 he gave the nuns of St. Mary of Mortain 40 shillings of Anjou annually from his manor of Ste. Mère Eglise [Manche]. In the period, 1159–63, he sought to marry Isabel de Warenne, Countess of Surrey [see WARENNE 2], widow of his cousin, William, Count of Boulogne and Mortain (son of King Stephen of England). The marriage was opposed by Archbishop Becket on grounds of affinity (he and her former husband being related in the 3rd degree of kindred). WILLIAM LONGESPÉE died at Rouen, Normandy 30 Jan. 1163/4, and was buried there in the Cathedral. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 37. A. Deville Tombeaux de la Cathédral de Rouen (1881): 164–165, 210. J.H. Round Cal. of Documents Preserved in France 1 (1899): 285. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 487–490. Rotuli de Dominabus et Pueris et Puellis de XII Comitatibus [1185] (Pipe Roll Soc. 35) (1913): 60. F.M. Stenton Early Charters from Northamptonshire Colls. (1930): 24–26. Early Yorkshire Charters 8 (1949): 13–14. C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 299–300. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Genealogists’ Mag. 14 (1964): 365. E. Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters 1100–1268 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 104. Coat of Arms n.s. 5 (1983): 153–156. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 100–102. J.C. Holt Acta of Henry II and Richard I (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 21) (1986): 152–153. D. Williams England in the 12 Cent. th (1990): 3 (William’s seal displays shield bearing a lion rampant). F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999).

Illegitimate children of Geoffrey Plantagenet, by an unknown mistress (or mistresses), _____:

i. HAMELIN, 5th Earl of Surrey, married ISABEL DE WARENNE [see WARENNE 2].1

ii. EMME, married in summer 1174 DAFYDD AB OWAIN, Prince (or King) of North Wales, younger son of Owain Gwynedd, by Christina, daughter of Gronw ab Owain ab Edwin. They had two sons, Owain and Einion, and two daughters, Gwenhwyfar (or Wennour) (wife of Meurig ap Roger Powys) and Gwenllian (wife of Gruffudd ap Cadwgon). In 1157 he took part in the ambush of Hawarden Woods. In 1170 he and his brother, Rhodri, attacked and killed their half-brother, Hywel ab Owain, in a battle near Pentraeth. In 1173 he attacked another half-brother, Maelgwn ab Owain, and drove him from Anglesey. In 1174 he ejected all his rivals, whereby he became ruler of the whole of Gwynedd. In 1175 he was attacked by his brother, Rhodri, and driven into the eastern half of Gweynedd. In 1177 King Henry II bestowed the manors of Ellesmere, Shropshire and Halesowen, Worcestershire on his sister, Emme. Dafydd subsequently settled in the Middle Country, where he resided in a castle at Rhuddlan, Caernarvonshire. In 1193 she restored the manor of Halesowen, Worcestershire to her nephew, King Richard I, in exchange for rents of other manors including Broom and Clent, Worcestershire. In 1194 Dafydd was defeated by his nephew, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth [see WALES 4], in a battle at Aberconwy, and, in 1197, was imprisoned by Llywelyn. He was released in 1198 by the intervention of Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, and spent the rest of his life in England. DAFYDD AB OWAIN, Prince (or King) of North Wales, died about May 1203, having won the esteem of both nations by “maintaining a just balance between Welsh and English.” His widow, Emme, was living in 1212, and presumably died c.1214, when her name last appears in the Pipe Rolls. Modern descendants (not traced in this book). F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 37. R. Llwyd Hist. of Wales (1832). R.W. Eyton Antiqs. of Shropshire 10 (1860): 234–236. W. Stubbs Hist. Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London 1 (Rolls Ser. 68) (1876): 397–398 (“Gaufridus Plantegenest comes Andegavensium, cum quadem Cenomannici generis consuetudinem habens non usquequaque licitam, filiam genuit Emmam, quam David Norwallensium princeps, regis Anglorum Henrici sororem intelligens, eam uxorem a fratre sibi dari summa precum instantia vix tandem obtinuit”). Pipe Roll Soc. 21 (1896): 9, 16, 94 (references in 1173/4 Pipe Rolls to “Sororis Reg[is] q[u]am Dauid fil[ius] Oeni duxit vxore[m]”); 25 (1904): 56–57; n.s. 1 (1925): 124; n.s. 2 (1926): 255; n.s. 3 (1927): 110; n.s. 5 (1928): 140; n.s. 6 (1929): 243; n.s. 7 (1930): 41; n.s. 8 (1931): 156; n.s. 9 (1932): xxxi–xxxii, 108; n.s. 10 (1933): 73; n.s. 12 (1934): 170; n.s. 14 (1936): 276–277; n.s. 15 (1937): 41; n.s. 16 (1938): 66; n.s. 18 (1940): 154; n.s. 19 (1941): 87; n.s. 20 (1942): 108; n.s. 22 (1944): 4; n.s. 24 (1946): 146; n.s. 30 (1954): 87; n.s. 35 (1959): 119. J.E. Lloyd Hist. of Wales 2 (1912): 616. VCH Worcester 3 (1913): 33, 51, 142–144. Dict. Welsh Biog. (1959): 98–99 (biog. of Dafydd ap Owain Gwynedd). Welsh Hist. Rev. 4 (1968): 3–20. W.L. Warren Henry II (1973): 167, note 3. P.C. Bartrum Welsh Gens. 300–1400 (1980) [Gruffudd ap Cynan 3]. U.

1 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, Elizabeth Alsop, Samuel Argall, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Charles Barham,

Christopher Batt, Henry, Thomas & William Batte, Anne Baynton, Marmaduke Beckwith, Richard & William Bernard, John Bevan, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, Stephen Bull, Giles, George & Robert Brent, Nathaniel Browne, Obadiah Bruen, Stephen Bull, Nathaniel Burrough, Elizabeth Butler, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, Jeremy Clarke, Matthew Clarkson, James & Norton Claypoole, St. Leger Codd, Henry Corbin, Elizabeth Coytemore, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, William Farrar, John Fenwick, Henry Filmer, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Thomas Gerard, William Goddard, Muriel Gurdon, Mary Gye, Katherine Hamby, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Daniel & John Humphrey, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Richard, & Matthew Kempe, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Anne Lovelace, Henry, Nicholas and Jane Lowe, Percival Lowell, Gabriel, Roger & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Simon Lynde, Agnes Mackworth, Roger & Thomas Mallory, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Oliver Manwaring, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Ellen Newton, Joshua & Rebecca Owen, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Richard Palgrave, Richard Parker, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, Edward Raynsford, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Elizabeth Saint John, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Anthony Savage, William Skepper, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, John Throckmorton, Samuel & William Torrey, John & Lawrence Washington, Olive Welby, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt, George Yate.

Rees Cartulary of Haughmond Abbey (1985): 68–69, 137, 159–160, 216 (Emme styled “King Henry’s sister” in her charter dated 1186/94). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 51. [Note: Emme of Anjou is sometimes confused in print with Emme (living 1208), wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval. Emme de Laval is identified in a charter to Evron Abbey as “daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall,” which Reynold was an illegitimate son of Henry I, King of England. For particulars, see A. Angot Généalogies Féodales Mayennaises du XI au XIII Siècle

e

e (1942): 292–295; NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102; 120 (1966): 230].

iii. MARY, nun, became Abbess of Shaftesbury c.1181, died shortly before 5 Sept. 1216. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 2 (1819): 484 (Mary styled “my sister” [“sororis meæ Mariæ abbatissæ’] by King Henry II of England). VCH Dorset 2 (1908): 74, 79. English Hist. Rev. 25 (1910): 303–306; 26 (1911): 317–326; 80 (1965): 314–322 (Mary styled “my dearest aunt [karissima amita] by King John) (author suggests Mary had a uterine half-brother, Guy d’Outillé [or Ostelli], Knt., of Shaftesbury, Dorset, who occurs 1194–1208). Marie de France Lais (1947), ed. Alfred Ewart, Introduction: ix–x (believes Mary, abbess of Shaftesbury, is the “the most plausible identification” of Marie de France, the earliest known French poetess) [see also B.H. Wind “L’Idéologie Courtoise dans les Lais de Marie de France,” in M. Tyssens Mélanges de Linguistique Romane et de Philologie Médiévale Offerts á M. Maurice Delbouleville (1964); E.J. Mickel Marie de France (1974): 20–21].

2. HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1132/3. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, in 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ÉLÉONORE) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine (divorced 21 March 1152), and eldest daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Éléonore, daughter of Aumary I, Vicomte of Châtellerault. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey (clerk) [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan (clerk) [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud (nun). By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen’s heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the “Angevin empire” (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen’s reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. His reassertion of the king’s rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connaught, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king’s bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried at Fontevrault Abbey. [Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1 marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes)

st

2 and Alice of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France)3. [References: M. Bouquet Le Première Livraison des Monumens des Règnes de Saint Louis, de Philippe le Hardi, de Philippe le Bel, de Louis X, de Philippe V et de Charles IV (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20) (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1 , de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune er 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12) (1877): 228 (Extrait d’une Chronique de France, etc.); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 308 (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703, 708–709 (Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de

2 Ancestors of Barbara Aubrey, John Bevan, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary

Bourchier, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Stephen Bull, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, St. Leger Codd, Elizabeth Coytemore, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, John Fenwick, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Muriel Gurdon, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Agnes Mackworth, Oliver Manwaring, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, George Reade, William Rodney, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, William Skepper, Mary Johanna Somerset, Samuel & William Torrey, John West, Thomas Wingfield, Hawte Wyatt.

3 Ancestors of William Bladen, Elizabeth Bosvile, Charles Calvert, St. Leger Codd, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Warham Horsmanden, John Nelson, Thomas Owsley, Katherine Saint Leger, Mary Johanna Somerset, Thomas Wingfield.

Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 336–337. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 91–105. B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003). For a list of the New World immigrants who descend from Marie and Alice of France, please see the descendancy footnotes 2 & 3].

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59–72. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 76–77. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7–10. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 81–82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled “kinsman” by Queen Eleanor). W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William, 4th Earl of Surrey [“Warenne”] , styled “kinsman” [cognate] by King Henry II). N.H. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1–4. W. Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled “kinsman”). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). C. de Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 137–146. L. Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). J. Bain Cal. of Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15–17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled “kinsman” (cognatus) of Queen Eleanor). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164–1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled kinswoman [“cognate”] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 108, 125–128, 180–181, 312, 470–471, 480–482, 519, 527, 567–568; 2 (1897): 18–19. Archives Historiques de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6–7 (charter of Eleanor). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78–93; 42 (1927): 569–572; 74 (1959): 193–213. D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593–596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452–463 (biog. of Henry II: “… his nature was full of passion… [he] was a great builder… Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign… probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day… genius for government”). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184–1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 (Isabel de Meulan, wife of Maurice de Craon, called “neptis Regis” [kinswoman of King Henry II]). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled “king’s kinsman”), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled “kinsman” by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled “kinswoman” of King Henry II; see Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie 47 (1936): 182–184 for charter naming Eustache’s mother as Isabel; R. Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XI –XIII Siècle) e e (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l’Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191–192 for charter naming Eustache as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol]. G.H. Pertz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 6 (1925) (Roberti de Monte Cronica): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled “aunt” [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled “kinsman” [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled “kinsman” [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled “kinsman” [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled “kinsman” on the part of King Henry II’s mother, Empress Maud; citation supplied by Stewart Baldwin), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled “kinsman” [cognate]; Earl Hugh’s wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Évreux “kinswoman” [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II’s father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled “kinsman” [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled “kinsman” [cognate]); 27 (1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled “kinswoman” by King Henry II). Speculum 30 (1955): 374–384. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). F.M. Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32–33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18–24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153–156. Genealogists’ Mag. 14 (1964): 361–368. H.W.C. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066–1154 3 (1968). W.L. Warren Henry II (1973). G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14–15. J.J. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420–1920) (1977): 188–189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). M. Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. B.R. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled “my uncle” [avunculo meo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). K.A. Hanna The Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89–90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321–336. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 52–55 (biog. of Henry II: “… a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined… well-grounded in law and history… undoubtedly a great king”), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). E. Amt The Accession of Henry II in England (1993). R. Mortimer Angevin England 1154–1258 (1994). N. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I 2 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67–69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled “king’s kinsman”). K.M. Broadhurst “Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine: Patrons of Literature in French?” in Viator 27 (1996): 53, et seq. F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999). B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003). Cornwall Record Office: Arundell of Lanherne and Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert, son of Earl of Gloucester, styled kinsman [cognatus]). Online resource: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/poitou/poitou1.html.

Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine:

i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153, died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about April 1156. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65–66. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England).

ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled “the Young King”), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile and León. They had one son, William, born 19 June 1177, died in a few days. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173–74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) Bela III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama, son of Geza II, King of Hungary. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following her husband Bela III’s death, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66–67. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens de Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: “Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo marito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit.”). A. Deville Tombeaux de la Cathédral de Rouen (1881): 161–162, 164–165, 210–211. J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591–594, 602. J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382–384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240–241. L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224–226. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he “used style rex Anglorum… hence called

by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III”). C.R. Cheney English Episcopal Acta II: Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110–111. P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 96–97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297–326 (“the sole associate king in English post-conquest history”).

iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH (or HENRY) (nicknamed the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [King of the Romans, Count of Poitou], and Wilhelm [Count of Lüneburg], and two daughters, Maud (wife of Geoffrey III, Count of Perche, and Enguerrand III, Count of Coucy) and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180 and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Brunswick. In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. Maud died at Brunswick 28 June 1189. Henry died 6 August 1195. They were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Brunswick Cathedral in Brunswick, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69–70. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). H.G. Ströhl Deutsche Wappenrolle (1897): 72 (not seen). L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 21 (1925): 115–116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children); 27 (1925): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled “kinsman” [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). R. Foreville L’Église et la Royauté en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154–1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniæ 10 Pt. 1 (1975): 18–19, 231–233, 347–349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled “our kinsman” [“cognate nostro”/“cognate nostri”] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259–260, 332–335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled “our nephew” [“nepotem nostrum”/“nepos noster”] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364–365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled “our kinsman” [“consanguineum nostrum”] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379–393. B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003).

iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Coeur-de-Lion or Lionheart), Knt., Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and León. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother’s inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173–4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175–77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry’s death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father’s orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard’s marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry’s death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BÉRENGÈRE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho VI el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard’s journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, who he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. Upon his return, Richard turned his formidable military talent to wage war against the French king. In 1199, during a minor siege at Châlus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. In 1204 his widow, Bérengère, ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thorée in Maine. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l’Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l’Épau Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73–80. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 11–12. N.H. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 15–17. J.-D. Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21 (1855): 604 (Chronicle of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): “… Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi”). J.B.A.T. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Chartes 2 (1866): 181–182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled “aunt” [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). C. Lalore Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Boulancourt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: “23 Dec.—solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d’Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne”). M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1er, de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] “Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de filia Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus.” T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1er, de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12) (1877): 228 (Extrait d’une Chronique de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708–709 (Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). C. de Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147–159. L. Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. P. Meyer L’Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338–340, esp. lines 9392–9432 (André de Chauvigny styled “king’s kinsman”). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 179–180. E. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 80–81. D.N.B. 16 (1909): 1022–1031 (biog. of Richard I: “… He was a stern ruler… where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault… In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree… He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher… a man of many accomplishments”). C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. I.J.

Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. F.M. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18–24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: “A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale”). E.L.G. Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174–1328 (1965): 9–11 (William the Lion, King of Scotland, styled “kinsman”). G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185–198; 23 (1997): 351–365. Bull. Institute Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157–173. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36–37. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 55–56, 65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37–53; 43 (1999): 79–89. A. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart’s Queen (1999): 183 (Queen Bérengère styled “kinswoman” by King Louis IX of France). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 97, 105. Online resources: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/iberia/iberia7.html#BS6; http://www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm.

Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, _____:

a. PHILIP FITZ ROY. He married AMÉLIE OF COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father’s death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464–465. “Comptes d’Alphonse de Poitiers” Archives Historiques du Poitou 4 (1875): 21–22 (not seen). A. Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330 (not seen). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 (“Philippo f[ilius] R. Richardi”). P. Martin-Civat Les Seigneuries de Cognac, Jarnac et Merpins dans l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XII et XIII Siècle e e (Congrès des Sociétés Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956) (not seen). Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274–275 (not seen). NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126–127, 179. A. Debord La Société Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente X –XII Siècle e e (1984): 486–488. E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 37. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 769 (sub Limoges).

v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 by dispensation (they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY, daughter and heiress of Conan IV le Petit, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland. She was born about 1161. They had three children (see below). In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Nôtre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH III, Earl of Chester, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, which marriage was annulled in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. They had no issue. She married (3rd) before Oct. 1199 (as his 1st wife) Guy de Thouars, in right of his 1st wife, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars. They had two daughters, Alice (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond) and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was eventually buried at Villeneuve. Guy de Thouars served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) Eustache de Mauléon, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d’Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre [seigneur of Chemillé, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas. In Oct. 1203 Guy was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. He died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was eventually buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) Renaud de Maulèvrier. She was living in 1244. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67–68. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 445–461 (sub Bretagne). H. Morice Memoires pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 916–917, 930–931, 955. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 574–575. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5–6 (seals of Geoffrey and Constance). C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 355. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103–106, 371–372. C.P. 10 (1945): 794–805 (sub Richmond). S. Painter The Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as “a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler”). J. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Fam. (1999). J.A. Everard Brittany and the Angevins (2000). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 347–360.

Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany:

a. ARTHUR OF BRITTANY, Duke of Brittany, Count of Anjou, Earl of Richmond], son and heir, born 29 March 1187, at Nantes. On his uncle, King Richard’s death in 1199, he led a force into Anjou and Maine. On Easter Day 1199 the barons of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine acknowledged him as the rightful heir. In 1202 he supported King Philippe Auguste of France against his uncle, King John. In July 1202 King Philippe knighted him at Gournay and betrothed him to the king’s infant daughter, Marie. On 1 August 1202, when besieging his grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, at Mirebeau, he was surprised and captured by John, who sent him to Falaise. Early in 1203 John transferred him to Rouen, where he disappeared before Easter. He died probably about 3 April 1203, almost certainly at Rouen, but possibly at Cherbourg, murdered either by John himself or at his command. His body is alleged to have been buried at Nôtre Dame des Prés. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68. Revue Historique 22 (1886): 33–72, 290–311; 148 (1925): 18. J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Robert de Vitré styled “kinsman”). English Hist. Rev. 24 (1909): 659–674. C.P. 10 (1945): 797–799 (sub Richmond). Hist. Research 50 (1977): 112–115; 55 (1982): 18–24. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). J. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Fam. (1999): 109–133. Nottingham Medieval Studies 44 (2000): 82–103. J.A. Everard Brittany and the Angevins (2000).

b. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182–4. She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold’s death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and

subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 Oct. 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wilts. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 (“commonly called The Damsel of Britain”). C.Ch.R. 2 (1898): 100. C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 44, 204, 256, 261 (instances of Eleanor styled “king’s kinswoman”). Cal. Liberate Rolls 3 (1937): 301 (Eleanor de Brittany styled “king’s kinswoman” by King Henry III of England). C.P. 10 (1945): 799–800 (sub Richmond). Trans. Shropshire Arch. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 53 (1949–50): 112–139 (“According to the Chronicle of Lanercost she was a most beautiful and courageous woman. She was certainly a determined and tactful one.”). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). J. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Fam. (1999): 38, 164–165.

c. MAUD OF BRITTANY, died young. Hist. Research 50 (1977): 112–115. J. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Fam. (1999): 55–56.

vi. ELEANOR (or LEONOR) OF ENGLAND, married ALFONSO VIII, King of Castile [see CASTILE 3].4

vii. JOAN (or JEANNE) OF ENGLAND, born at Angers Oct. 1165. She married (1st) at Palermo 13 Feb. 1177 WILLIAM (or GUGLIELMO) II le Bon, King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia, Prince of Capua, son of William I, King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia, by Margaret, daughter of García VI Ramirez, King of Navarre. They had one son, Bohemond [Duke of Apulia]. WILLIAM II, King of Sicily, died at Palermo 18 Nov. 1189. His widow, Joan, married (2nd) at Rouen, Normandy Oct. 1196 (as his 4th wife) (they being related in the 4th degree of kindred) RAYMOND VI, Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, Marquis of Provence, son and heir of Raymond V, Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, Marquis of Provence, by [Queen] Constance, Countess of St. Gilles, daughter of Louis VI, King of France. They had one son, Raymond VII [Count of Toulouse, Marquis of Provence], and one child who died at birth. JOAN, Queen of Sicily, Duchess of Narbonne, etc., died testate at Rouen 24 Sept. 1199. RAYMOND VI, Duke of Narbonne, Count of Toulouse, etc., died testate 2 August 1222. No living descendants. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 70–71. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 35. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 9 (“[Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse] duxit sororem Regis Angliæ Richardi, quæ contingebat et in tertio gradu consanguinitatis”), 225–228, 236. J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 199, 202 (instances of Raymond’s mother, Constance, styled “queen” [regina]), 338, 373–374, 382–383, 397, 614–615; 2 (1897): 17, 25, 30, 110, 139–140, 182, 243–244, 246, 307–308, 722, 724. Revue de l’Agenais (1897): 382–384. J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 392–393 (Joan’s will names her “maid of honor and kinswoman,” Philippe). G.H. Pertz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 6 (1925): 532 (Roberti de Monte Cronica) (sub 1182). L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 114–115, 120. 126. G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England), 206 (sub Hauteville); 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 764 (sub Toulouse). A. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart’s Queen (1999). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 82–83, 90–91. B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003). Online resource: http://www.nd.edu/~medvllib/seals/roy/d11767bis.html

viii. JOHN OF ENGLAND [see next].

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by a mistress, Ykenai or Hikenai _____ (she was living in 1180/1) [Reference: Great Roll of the Pipe 1180–1181 (Pipe Roll Soc. 30) (1909): xxiv, 64 (“mater G. cancellarii”)]:

i. GEOFFREY FITZ ROY, born about 1153. As a child, he was put into deacon’s orders and made Archdeacon of Lincoln. In 1173 he was elected Bishop of Lincoln at his father’s request, which election was confirmed in 1175. In 1182 he resigned his bishopric and was appointed by his father Chancellor of England, which post he held until his father’s death in 1189. In 1189 he was nominated Archbishop of York by his brother, King Richard I, was formally ordained a priest, but was not consecrated in his office until 1191. Geoffrey was zealous in raising money for his brother, Richard’s ransom in 1193, which later led to a charge of spoilation and extortion by the canons of York. In 1195 he was suspended for contumacy, but the following year was restored to his office. In 1207 he disputed with his brother, King John, about taxing church revenues for the royal treasury. After issuing an anathema against the collectors and payers of the tax, he fled overseas in despair. GEOFFREY FITZ ROY, Archbishop of York, died at Notre-Dame-du-Parc (commonly called Grandmount) near Rouen, France on or about 18 Dec. 1212. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 71–72. E. Foss Judges of

4 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, Elizabeth Alsop, Samuel Argall, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Charles Barham, Anne

Baynton, Marmaduke Beckwith, Richard & William Bernard, John Bevan, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Stephen Bull, Nathaniel Burrough, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, Jeremy Clarke, James & Norton Claypoole, William Clopton, St. Leger Codd, Elizabeth Coytemore, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane, & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, William Farrar, John Fenwick, Henry Filmer, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Thomas Gerard, William Goddard, Muriel Gurdon, Mary Gye, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Elizabeth Haynes, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Daniel & John Humphrey, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Richard, & Matthew Kempe, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Anne Lovelace, Henry, Jane, & Nicholas Lowe, Percival Lowell, Gabriel, Roger, & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Agnes Mackworth, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Oliver Manwaring, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Joshua & Rebecca Owen, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Richard Palgrave, Richard Parker, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, Edward Raynsford, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Anthony Savage, William Skepper, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, John Throckmorton, Samuel & William Torrey, John & Lawrence Washington, Olive Welby, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt, George Yate.

England 1 (1848): 293–298. D.N.B. 7 (1908): 1018–1024 (biog. of Geoffrey, archbishop of York) (“… secular office in his father’s service… was Geoffrey’s true vocation… [he possessed] an impracticable self-will and an ungovernable temper”). L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 372–373. G.H. Pertz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 6 (1925): 521 (Roberti de Monte Cronica) (sub 1173: Geoffrey styled “filius regis Henrici naturalis”), 530. Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1194 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 5) (1928): xxviij, 165 (his unnamed “sister” [sorori archiepiscopi] mentioned in 1194). Yorkshire Arch. Jour. 35 (1943): 24–25 (biog. of Geoffrey son of the King”). C.T. Clay York Minster Fasti 1 (Yorks. Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 123) (1957): 22, 67. D.L. Douie Archbishop Geoffrey Plantagenet and the Chapter of York (Borthwick Papers 18) (1960) (Archbishop Geoffrey’s uterine half brother, Peter, Archdeacon of Lincoln, occurs c.1175–1217/19). Cartæ Antiquæ 2 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 33) (1960): 131 (Geoffrey styled “my son” (filio meo) by King Henry II). Richard of Devizes Chronicle of Richard of Devizes (1963): 87–88 (biog. of Geoffrey, archbishop of York). NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 103–125, 179. N. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I 1 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 21) (1986): 39; 2 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 78, 142 (instances of Geoffrey styled “Geoffrey the chancellor my son” [Gaufr(ido) cancellario filio meo] by King Henry II).

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by an unknown mistress, _____:

i. MAUD FITZ ROY, nun, appointed Abbess of Barking by her father, King Henry II, about 1175, living in 1198. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 1 (1817): 437, 441 (“Dame Maud la file le Roy Henry”). VCH Essex 2 (1907): 120.

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by a mistress, Ida _____, possible daughter of Ralph V de Tony (died 1162), of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, by Margaret, daughter of Robert, 2nd Earl of Leicester. Ida later became the wife of Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk (died 1221) [see note regarding Ida’s identity under LONGESPÉE 3]:

i. WILLIAM LONGESPÉE, Knt., Earl of Salisbury, married ELA OF SALISBURY [see LONGESPÉE 3].5

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by a mistress, Alice of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and León. Alice was born 4 Oct. 1160. She was contracted to marry King Henry II’s son, Richard (afterwards King of England) in Jan. 1169. King Richard voided his marriage contract with her at Messina in March 1190/1, after which she was restored to her brother, King Philippe Auguste of France, in 1195. Alice subsequently married at Meudon 20 August 1195 Guillaume II Talvas, Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil (he died 4 Oct. 1221), son and heir of Jean I, Count of Ponthieu of Montreuil, by his last wife, Béatrice, daughter of Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol. He was born say 1171 (adult by 1195). She was living 28 July 1218. By her legitimate daughter and heiress, Marie, Countess of Ponthieu and Montreuil, Alice was great-grandmother of Eleanor of Castile, 1st wife of King Edward I of England [see PLANTAGENET 5 below]. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 76–77 (sub France) (assigns Alice to wrong mother). L. Delisle Cat. des Actes de Philippe-Auguste (1856): 108, 119. W. Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 302–303. W. Stubbs Hist. Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London 1 (Rolls Ser. 68) (1876): 303, 330–331; 2 (Rolls Ser. 68): 86 (reference kindly supplied by Henry Bisharat). L.-E. de La Gorgue-Rosny Recherches Généalogiques sur les Comtés de Ponthieu, de Boulogne, de Guines et Pays Circonvoisins 4 (1877): 9–10, 24–25, 35, 37–40, 42–45, 48. M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1 , de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune er 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12) (1877): 228 (Extrait d’une Chronique de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi), 437 (Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis: “Repudiata uxore priore, secundam Ludovicus duxit uxorem [Constantiam] quæ soror exstitit Regum Hispaniæ, quæ appellata fuit Margareta: de ista filias genuit duas, Margaretam uxorem Henrici junioris Regis [Angliæ], qui apud Martellum obiit, et Alaïdem quæ desponsata fuit Richardo Duci ejusdem Regis fratri.”); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] “Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de filia Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus.), 206 (Ex Rogeri de Hoveden: Anno Gratiæ MCLXI [1161], qui erat annus septimus regni Regis Henrici, filii Matildis Imperatricis, idem Rex et Lodoveus Rex Francorum dissenserunt propter quasdam terrarum suarum divisas, et propter castella de Gisortio et de Neafle, quæ tunc temporis erant in manu Lodovei Regis Francorum, quæ idem Rex Henricus calumniatus est suo debere adjacere Ducatui Normanniæ. Sed mox pacificati sunt in hunc modum: quod Rex Franciæ traderet duas filias suas, quas habebat de uxore sua filia Regis Hispaniæ, quarum una vocabatur Margareta et altera Alesea, ad opus duorum filorium Regis Henrici, scilicet Henrico et Ricardo adhuc puerulis minimis; et traderet prædicta castella de Gisortio et de Neafle in manu Templariorum custodienda, donec prædictæ filiæ desponsarentur præfatis filiis Regis Henrici.”), 187 (Ex Radulfi De Diceto: engagement of Alice and

5 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Christopher Batt, Henry, Thomas & William Batte,

John Baynard, Marmaduke Beckwith, Richard & William Bernard, John Bevan, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Thomas Bressey, Nathaniel Browne, Obadiah Bruen, Elizabeth, Martha & Peter Bulkeley, Stephen Bull, Nathaniel Burrough, Elizabeth Butler, Edward Carleton, Charles Calvert, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, Jeremy Clarke, Matthew Clarkson, William Clopton, St. Leger Codd, Henry Corbin, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane, & Katherine Deighton, Anne Derehaugh, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, Agatha, Alice, Eleanor, George Elkington, Jane & Martha Eltonhead, William Farrar, John Fenwick, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Thomas Gerard, William Goddard, Muriel Gurdon, Mary Gye, Katherine Hamby, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Edmund Hawes, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Thomas James, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Richard, & Matthew Kempe, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Henry, Jane & Nicholas Lowe, Percival Lowell, Gabriel, Roger & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Simon Lynde, Agnes Mackworth, Roger & Thomas Mallory, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Oliver Manwaring, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Elizabeth Saint John, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Anthony Savage, William Skepper, Diane & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, James Taylor, Samuel & William Torrey, Jemima Waldegrave, John & Lawrence Washington, Olive Welby, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt, Thomas Yale.

Richard), 218–219 (Ex Radulfi Coggeshale Abbatis: “MCXLIX [1149], Rex Ludovicus ab Hierosolyma regreditur. Post cujus regressionem Galfridus Comes Andegavensis et Henricus filius ejus conquesti sunt Regi de Stephano Rege Anglorum, qui eis regnum Anglorum et Ducatum Normanniæ injuste auferebat. Rex vero Ludovicus Normanniam aggrediens, manu forti eam cepit, et Henrico tradidit, et eum pro eadem terra in hominem ligium accepit. Ille vero pro collato adjutorio Vilcassinum Normanniæ, quod est inter Etam et Andelam Regi Ludovico totum immune dedit: in qua terra continetur Gisortium, Neofle et Stripiniacum. Nec multo post Rex Ludovicus repudiavit Alienordem conjugem suam, linea consanguinitatis inter eos jurata: quam sine mora Henricus Dux Normanniæ accepit in uxorem cum Comitatu Aquitaniæ. Postea vero Ludovicus duxit Constantium filiam Imperatoris Hispaniæ, ex qua habuit filiam nomine Margaritam, quæ Henrico juniori filio Regis Henrici in matrimonio juncta est. Vilcassinensem autem terrram dedit Rex Ludovicus filiæ suæ in matrimonium. Deinde Rex genuit aliam filiam de Constantia nomine Adelaïdis, in cujus partu mater clausit extremum diem.”), 421 (Chronico De Regibus Francorum: “Ludovicus Rex eodem anno secundam duxit uxorem Constantiam, filiam inclyti Principis Hispaniæ Aldefonsi, qui regnavit in Toleto et Legione et in terra B. Jacobi: de qua genuit duas filias, quarum unam [Margaretam] duxit Henricus juvenis Rex Angliæ, secundam [Aleidem] Richardus Dux Aquitaniæ, nunc Rex Angliæ, accipere debuit, sed ad ejus nuptias non pervenit; quæ nunc recenti tempore desponsata est [Willelmo III] Comiti Pontivensi.”), 708–709 (Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines: “[Louis VII] … De secunda quoque uxore quæ fuit Hispana, duas similiter habuit filias, Reginam [Angliæ] Margaretam, et Comitissam Alix, quam duxit Guilielmus Comes de Pontivo.” ). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 241 (Fragmentum Genealogicum). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 616, 620, 632; 2 (1897): 616, 620, 632. List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 1. Monumenta Germaniae Historica SS 21 (1925): 513–514 (Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense); 27 (1925): 335–336 (E Radulfi Nigri Chronica Universall). L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 104. R. Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XI –XIII Siècle) e e (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l’Hist. de France 10) (1974): 193–199, 201–211, 216–217, 220–230, 238–243, 262–270, 286–295, 298–307, 318–322, 344–348, 373. R.-H. Bautier Chronique de Saint-Pierre-le-Vif de Sens, dite de Clarius = Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis (1979): Appendix IV: 314–315 (contemporary document dated c.1183–5 identifies Alice’s mother as Constance of Castile; citation courtesy of P.M. Stewart). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France) (assigns Alice to wrong mother); 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 622 (sub Saint-Pol), 638 (sub Ponthieu) (assigns Guillaume to wrong mother). J.W. Baldwin The Government of Philip Augustus (1986): 480, 536. B.-M. Tock Les Chartes des Évêques d’Arras (1093–1203) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l’Hist. de France 20) (1991): 275–276. Y. Sassier Louis VII (1991), chart 476–477. G. Sivéry Philippe Auguste (1993): chart foll. 407. M.J. Monicat Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 3 (1996): 115, 131, 195–196 (instances of Guillaume, Count of Ponthieu, styled “brother” by King Philippe Auguste of France). N. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I 2 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 162. A. Weir Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life (2000). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 97, 105 (assigns Alice to wrong mother).

i. unnamed daughter, died in infancy. L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224–232 (citing W. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis 2 (1867): 160; W. Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3: 99; G.F. Warner Giraldi Cambrensis Opera 8 (Rolls Ser. 21) (1891): 232; T. de Burton Chronica Monasterii de Melsa [Chronicle of Meaux] 1 (1866): 255–256). NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102.

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by a mistress, Nest, daughter of Iorwerth ab Owain, lord of Caerleon, by Angharad, daughter of Uchdrud, Bishop of Llandaff. Nest later married Ralph Bluet, Knt. (died c.1199), of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire. Archæologia Cambrensis 3 (1848): 333–334. Dict. Welsh Biog. (1959): 638 (biog. of Morgan ap Hywel). P.C. Bartrum Welsh Gens. 300–1400 (1980) [Rhydderch ap Iestyn 1]. D. Crouch William Marshal 1147–1219 (1990): 139–140, 198–199 (identification of Nest’s parentage).

i. MORGAN FITZ ROY, clerk. He was appointed Provost of Beverley in 1201. He was nominated as Bishop of Durham in 1213. He travelled to Rome, but his election was quashed by the Pope. He died at Fountains Abbey about 1217. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 72. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 9–10, 99, 130, 179. G. Bicchiere Letters & Charters of Cardinal Guala Bicchiere Papal Legate in England 1216–1218 (Canterbury & York Soc. 83) (1996): 55.

3. JOHN OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Lackland), youngest son, born at Oxford about 27 Dec. 1166. In 1172 he was contracted to marry Alice of Maurienne, eldest daughter of Humbert III, Count of Maurienne, Marquis of Italy. This marriage scheme failed in 1173, when his older brother, Henry, as count of Anjou, refused their father’s proposal to give John the castles of Chinon, Loudun, and Mirebeau. In 1174 it was agreed that John should have Nottingham and Marlborough Castles in England and certain castles and rents in France. In 1177 his father declared him King of Ireland, and arranged his succession to the earldom of Gloucester. In March 1185 his father knighted him at Windsor, and sent him to govern Ireland. John treated the Irishmen with such insolence, they deserted the English cause and kept the Kings of Limerick, Cork, and Connaught from coming to do fealty to him. He was recalled from Ireland by his father in Sept. 1185. His father’s continued favor to him contributed to the rebellion of John’s older brother, Richard, though at the end of Henry’s reign, John deserted his father to support Richard. On Richard’s accession as king in 1189, he made John Count of Mortain in Normandy, and granted him the castles and honours of Marlborough, Ludgershall, Lancaster, Bolsover, and the Peak, the town of Nottingham, the honours of Tickhill and Wallingford, and the county of Derby, with the honour of Peverel. John married (1st) at Marlborough, Wiltshire 29 August 1189 ISABEL OF GLOUCESTER, Countess of Gloucester, lady of Glamorgan, youngest daughter and co-heiress of William Fitz Robert, Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, protested against the marriage, John and Isabel being related in the 3rd degree of kindred. They had no issue. He was present at the Coronation of his brother, King Richard I, in Sept. 1189. By the end of 1189, John was further granted the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, with all rights of jurisdiction. In 1191, while Richard was on crusade, John broke his promise not to enter England during Richard’s absence, and, on learning of Richard’s imprisonment in Germany, attempted unsuccessfully to seize control of England. On Richard’s

return in 1193, John was deprived of his English lands and excommunicated. In May 1193 Richard and John were reconciled by the mediation of the queen-mother. In 1195 Richard granted him the county of Mortain, the honour of Eye, and earldom of Gloucester. In the beginning of April 1199, as Richard was dying, he named John his successor in England and all his dominions. On the death of Richard, 6 April 1199, John ascended the throne and was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey 27 May 1199. In 1199 he obtained a divorce from his wife, Isabel, on grounds of consanguinity. She was subsequently kept a state prisoner until 1214. John married (2nd) at Bordeaux 24 August 1200 ISABEL OF ANGOULÊME, daughter and heiress of Adémar (or Aimar) III Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, by Alice (or Alaïs, Alaidis), daughter of Pierre of France, seigneur of Courtenay, Montargis, and Châteaurenard (younger son of Louis VI, King of France). She was born in 1188, and was previously contracted to marry Hugues IX le Brun (died Nov. 1219), Count of La Marche, seigneur of Lusignan and Couhé. She was crowned queen 8 Oct. 1200. They had five children (see below). By various mistresses, King John had a large number of illegitimate children, including nine sons, Richard, Knt., Oliver, John, Geoffrey, Henry, Knt., Osbert Giffard, Knt., Eudes (or Ives), Bartholomew (clerk), and possibly Philip, and three daughters, Joan, Maud (nun), and allegedly Isabel. War with France followed John’s refusal to appear before King Philippe Auguste of France concerning the grievance of the Lusignans. At first John was successful in defending his French lands, capturing his nephew, Arthur (who died in custody), but, in 1204, he lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine, and Touraine to the French king. For the next ten years, John resided almost permanently in England (the first such Angevin king) and attempted to restore his finances for further warfare in France by determined taxation and exploitation of his feudal prerogatives (later the basis for the charge of tyranny). In 1205 he began a quarrel with the Church when he refused to accept Pope Innocent III’s nomination of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury. His intransigence in the matter led the Pope to impose an interdict on England in 1208, suspending all religious services, and excommunicating King John. In 1210 he went to Ireland, where he took Carrickfergus, seized the lands of the Lacys and banished the Earl of Ulster, built several fortresses, appointed sheriffs and other officers to carry out the English system of law, and coined new money. He arrested all the Jews in England, and made them pay 66,000 marks. In 1211 he made an expedition into North Wales, compelled the submission of Llywelyn, and raised fortresses. In 1213, after five years of amassing the revenues of vacant or appropriated sees and abbeys, John agreed to become a vassal to the Pope for an annual tribute of one thousand marks, with absolution from excommunication and the lifting of the interdict. In 1214 John conducted another campaign in France, and suffered a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Bouvines on the river Margne. An alliance of barons took advantage of this defeat to launch a rebellion which was successful in forcing John to agree to a comprehensive and humiliating agreement at Runnymede near Windsor 19 June 1215 called the Magna Carta [Great Charter]. This charter defined the rights of the Church, barons, and the people. John soon repudiated the charter, claiming he acted under duress, and civil war ensued. JOHN, King of England, died testate suddenly at the Bishop of Lincoln’s castle at Newark 19 Oct. 1216, and was buried at Worcester Cathedral. His widow, Isabel, returned to France in 1217, to take up residence in her native city of Angoulême. She reasserted her control over Cognac, and entered into prolonged and violent disputes with Reginald de Pons over the castle of Merpins, and with Bartholomew le Puy. She married (2nd) 10 May 1220 Hugues X de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Angoulême, seigneur of Lusignan, Château-Larcher, Montreuil-Bonnin, and la Mothe-Saint-Heray, son and heir of Hugues IX le Brun, Count of La Marche, by his 1st wife, Agatha, daughter of Pierre de Montrabel, seigneur of Preuilly. They had five sons, Hugh le Brun (XI), Knt. [Count of La Marche and Angoulême], Guy, Knt. [seigneur of Couhé, Cognac, Merpins, etc.], Geoffrey (I), Knt. [seigneur of Jarnac, Châteauneuf, Château-Larcher, etc.], William de Valence, Knt. [Earl of Pembroke], and Aymer (clerk) [Bishop elect of Winchester], and four daughters, Agnès (wife of Guillaume de Chauvigny), Alice (wife of John de Warenne, Knt., 7th Earl of Surrey) [see WARENNE 4], Isabelle (wife of Maurice IV de Craon), and Marguerite (wife of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, and Amaury VIII, Vicomte of Thouars). In 1224 Hugues de Lusignan defected to King Louis VIII of France during the Capetian invasion of Poitou, with Louis promising Isabel 2000 lives Parisis annually in return for her dower lands forfeit in England, and the annual revenues of Langeais near Tours in exchange for rights that she claimed as dower at Saumur in Anjou. In 1230 they entered into alliance with King Louis IX of France, who granted Isabel an annual pension of 5000 livres Tours in return for resignation of her dower rights she claimed in England, Normandy, and Anjou. In 1242 she and her husband, Hugues, rebelled against the French. In return for a pardon from King Louis IX, they were forced to relinquish the pensions paid to them since 1224 and to abandon their claim to Saintes. Isabel was subsequently implicated in a plot to poison King Louis IX and his brother, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers. Isabel, late Queen of England, Countess of La Marche and Angoulême, subsequently took refuge in Fontevrault Abbey, where she died testate 4 June 1246. She was initially buried in the common graveyard of the Abbey, but at her son, King Henry III’s request, her remains were moved in 1254 to the choir of the Abbey Church. Hugues X de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Angoulême, was mortally wounded at the capture of Damietta 6 June 1249.

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 49, 81–87. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 13–14. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 28–29, 87–88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled “nephew” [nepos]), 91 (Reynold, King of Man, styled

“kinsman”). W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6 Pt. 3 (1830): 1169. T.D. Hardy Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londiensi Asservati (1835): 71b (Queen Isabel of Angoulême styled “sister” [i.e., half-sister] to Pierre, Count of Joigny). F. Marvaud “Isabella d’Angoulême ou la Comtesse-Reine” Bull. de la Société Archéologique et Historique de la Charente 2nd ser. 1 (1856): 116–252. J.B.A.T. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Chartes 2 (1866): 38–39, 68, 121, 140, 175–176, 182–183, 241, 313, 453, 457, 476–477, 498–499, 513, 571–572, 574–576, 622–624. M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1 , de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune er 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 309 (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum: “Anno MCLXVII (1167) Natus est Johannes filius Regis Anglorum”). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 549 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders & Hainault (died 1205), styled “kinsman”); 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 447 ([Marie], Countess of Troyes, styled “sister” [i.e., half sister]). J. Bain Cal. of Docs. Rel. Scotland 1 (1881): No. 480 (Duncan, Earl of Carrick, styled “kinsman”). G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 8 (equestrian seal of John, Earl of Mortain [later King of England]). Genealogist n.s. 21 (1905): 78–82. D.N.B. 10 (1908): 500–501 (biog. of Isabella of Angoulême: “… a beautiful and mischievious woman… hated by both English and Poitevins; John’s marriage with her led to the loss of nearly all his continental possessions”), 839–854 (biog. of John, king of England: “… All the vices of his house appear in his character unredeemed by any greatness. He was mean, false, vindictive, and abominably cruel… greedy and extravagant… He had a violent temper, and a stubborn disposition… at heart a coward… self-indulgent and scandalously immoral”). G.L. Clark Cartæ et Alia Munimenta de Glamorgancia 5 (1910): 1785–1786. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 5 (1926): 689–692 (sub Gloucester) [King John’s 1st wife, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, married (2nd) 16/26 Jan. 1213/4 Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex (died 23 Feb. 1215/6) and (3rd) c.17 Sept. 1217 Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent (died 12 May 1243). She died 14 Oct. 1217, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral Church (see also English Hist. Rev. 19 (1904): 707–711)]; 12 Pt. 1 (1953): 768, footnote j (Constance de Beaumont, wife of Roger IV de Tony, styled “kinswoman”). Archæologia Æliana 3rd Ser. 17 (1920): 265, 282–286 (his seal bore two lions passant). G.H. Pertz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 23 (1925): 874 (Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines: “… que domna Petro de Cortenaio, regis Philippi patruo, peperit comitem Petrum Comitem Autissiodorensem et Robertum de Cortenaio et quendam Guilelmum et sorores eorum. Una Alaydis comiti Guilelmo Ioviniaci peperit comitem Petrum, et post Engolismensi comiti peperit Isabellam modernam Anglie reginam …”). W.M. Ede The Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary of Worcester (1925): 31–38. L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 3–4. English Hist. Rev. 61 (1946): 289–314; 63 (1948): 83–89; 65 (1950): 360–371; 67 (1952): 233–235. S. Painter Reign of King John (1949): 238 (“… cruel, lecherous, and deceitful… his mind was always seething with jealousy and suspicion”). H.S. Snellgrove The Lusignans in England (1950). Speculum 30 (1955): 374–384. I.J. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. W.L. Warren King John (1961). Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18–24 (arms of John as Lord of Ireland: Two lions passant; arms of John as King: Three lions passant guardant in pale). J.C. Holt King John (1963). Archivum Heraldicum 79 (1965): 19–23. G.W.S. Barrow Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (1965): 36. G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15–17. Vera C.M. London The Cartulary of Bradenstoke Priory (Wiltshire Rec. Soc. 35) (1979): 191 (charter dated 1189/99 of Isabel, Countess of Gloucester and Mortain, 1st wife of King John). N. Adams Select Cases from the Ecclesiastical Courts of the Province of Canterbury c.1200–1301 (Selden Soc. 95) (1981): 106, 112 (Sylvius de Cresto [Crofto], clerk, styled “king’s kinsman” in 1202). Coat of Arms n.s. 5 (1983): 153–156. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England), 190 (sub Savoy); 3 Pt. 2 (1983): 354 (sub Descendants of King Henry I of England); 3 Pt. 3 (1985): 564 (sub Lusignan); 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 725 (sub Preuilly), 774 (sub Brosse), 818 (sub Angouleme). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 37. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of England (1991): 66–67 (biog. of John Lackland: “… has always been regarded as the archetype ‘bad’ king; yet he had some redeeming features… his good looks and charm induced many of those he wronged to forgive him… [he] grew up a dandy, gourmet, and womanizer, dedicated to a sybaritic existence and entirely unprincipled… [his] personality was a complex one… He was cruel and avaricious, but possessed a sense of humor and could occasionally show acts of mercy and generosity”); 67–68 (biog. of Isabella of Angoulême). R.V. Turner King John (1994). R. Mortimer Angevin England 1154–1258 (1994). S.D. Church King John: New Interpretations (1999). Nottingham Medieval Studies 44 (2000): 82–103. P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 452–456. B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003): 159–175 (revises previously accepted birthdate of King John.).

Children of John of England, by Isabel of Angoulême:

i. HENRY III OF ENGLAND [see next].

ii. RICHARD OF ENGLAND, Knt., Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou, King of the Romans (or King of Almain), married (1st) ISABEL MARSHAL; (2nd) SANCHE (or SANCHIA) OF PROVENCE; (3rd) BEATRICE DE FALKENBURG [see CORNWALL 4].6

iii. JOAN OF ENGLAND, born at Gloucester 22 July 1210. In 1214 she was contracted to marry Geoffrey de Lusignan, son of Hugh de Lusignan, Count of la Marche, which marriage did not take place. She married at York, Yorkshire 19 June 1221 (as his 1st wife) ALEXANDER II, King of Scotland, Knt., son and heir of William the Lion, King of Scotland, by Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont and Sainte-Suzanne. He was born at Haddington, East Lothian 24 August 1198. They had no issue. He was crowned at Scone 6 Dec. 1214. Joan died at York, Yorkshire 4 March 1237/8, buried at Tarrant Keynstan, Dorset. Alexander II married (2nd) 15 May 1239 Mary de Coucy, 2nd daughter of Enguerrand III de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy. They had one son, Alexander (III) [King of Scotland]. Alexander II, King of Scotland, died at Kerrera in the bay of Oban 8 July 1249, and was buried at Melrose Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 86–87. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 224 (Joan styled “sister” [sorori] by King Henry III of England). W.W. Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of the Reign of King Henry III 1 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1862): 173–174 (Henry de Strivel[yn] styled “kinsman” [cognato] by Alexander II). Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper 28 (1867): 103 (H. de Stirling styled “kinsman”). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 6 (sub Kings of Scotland). C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 94 (Joan “queen of Scots” styled “king’s sister”). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 261–264 (biog. of Alexander II). Speculum 20 (1945): 301–302. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England), 90 (sub Scotland). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 58. N. Vincent English Episcopal Acta IX: Winchester 1205-1238 (1994): 95.

6 Ancestor of Marmaduke Beckwith, William Bladen, Thomas Booth, Nathaniel Burrough, Elizabeth Butler, Charles Calvert, Kenelm

Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, William Clopton, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Anne Derehaugh, Thomas Dudley, Henry Fleete, Muriel Gurdon, Anne Humphrey, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Richard, & Matthew Kempe, Mary Launce, Thomas Ligon, Percival Lowell, Anne & Katherine Marbury, John Nelson, Thomas Owsley, Herbert Pelham, Henry & William Randolph, Edward Raynsford, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, Jemima Waldegrave, John West, Hawte Wyatt, George Yate.

iv. ISABEL OF ENGLAND, born at Gloucester 1214. She married at Worms 15 or 20 July 1235 (as his 4th wife) FREDERICK (or FRIEDRICH) II, Emperor of the Romans, King of Jerusalem and Sicily, Duke of Apulia, Prince of Capua, son and heir of Heinrich VI, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily, by Constance, daughter of Roger II, King of Sicily. He was born at Iesi 26 Dec. 1194. They had four children, including two sons,Heinrich and Frederick (or Friedrich), and one daughter, Margarethe (wife of Albrecht II, Margrave of Meissen, Landgrave of Thüringen). Isabel died in childbirth at Foggia 1 Dec. 1241, and was buried at Andria Cathedral. Emperor FREDERICK II died at Fiorentino Castle in Lucera 13 Dec. 1250. Their daughter, Margarethe, is a remote ancestress of the house of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 87–88. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 (1816): 220, 225–227. J.B.A.T. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Chartes 2 (1866): 300–302, 537 (instances of Raymond, Count of Toulose, styled “affinis et fidelis nostri” by Emperor Frederick II). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Flandre 1 (1873): 4–5 (seals of Frederick II). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 59–60, 86, 110–111, 114, 138–139, 173–174, 177–178, 183, 191–192, 282–283, 312, 329, 356–357, 410–411, 567–568, 605–606. C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 219 (F[rederick], emperor of the Romans, styled “king’s brother” by King Henry III of England). D.N.B. 10 (1908): 499–500 (biog. of Isabella: “… a very winning as well as beautiful woman”… lamented in death by Matthew Paris as the “glory and hope of England”). Cal. Liberate Rolls 1 (1916): 269, 275 (instances of Isabel styled “Empress of Almain”). Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 94. T.D. Tremlett et al. Rolls of Arms Henry III (H.S.P. 113-4) (1967): 64 (arms of Frederick II: Or, a double eagle sable). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 42 (sub Wettin); 1 Pt. 1 (1998): 15 (sub Staufer); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). J.E. Sayer Original Papal Docs. in England & Wales (1198–1304) (1999): 90. Online resource: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/hohst/hohenstauf.html#F2R

v. ELEANOR OF ENGLAND, married (1st) WILLIAM MARSHAL, 5th Earl of Pembroke; (2nd) SIMON DE MONTFORT, Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 4].7

Legitimated child of John of England, by a mistress, Clemence _____:

i. JOAN OF ENGLAND, married LLYWELYN AP IORWERTH, Prince of North Wales [see WALES 4].8

Illegitimate child of John of England, by a mistress, _____ de Warenne, daughter of Hamelin, 5th Earl of Surrey, by Isabel, daughter and heiress of William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey [see WARENNE 2]:

i. RICHARD FITZ ROY (or DE WARENNE), Knt., Baron of Chilham, Kent, married ROSE DE DOVER [see ATHOLL 4].9

Illegitimate child of John of England, by a mistress, Hawise _____:

i. OLIVER FITZ ROY. He defended Wolvesey Castle for Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, in 1216. In 1217 he was granted the lands formerly held by Peter Fitz Herbert to sustain him in the king’s service. In 1218 he arrived with other English knights at Damietta in the company of Papal legate, Pelayo. He did not return. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 87. Matthew of Paris and Roger of Wendover Chronica Majora 3 (1876): 40–41. C.P.R. 1216–1225 (1901): 42–43, 92. S. Painter Reign of King John (1949): 232–233. Medievalia et Humanistica 8 (1954): 17–19. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. J.M. Powell Anatomy of a Crusade (1986): 235. N. Vincent Peter des Roches (1996): 71, 175.

7 Ancestors of William Bladen, Elizabeth Bosvile, Charles Calvert, St. Leger Codd, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Warham

Horsmanden, John Nelson, Thomas Owsley, Katherine Saint Leger, Mary Johanna Somerset, Thomas Wingfield. 8 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, Elizabeth Alsop, Samuel Argall, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Charles Barham,

Henry, Thomas & William Batte, Anne Baynton, Marmaduke Beckwith, Richard & William Bernard, John Bevan, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Obadiah Bruen, Stephen Bull, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, Jeremy Clarke, James & Norton Claypoole, St. Leger Codd, Henry Corbin, Elizabeth Coytemore, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, William Farrar, John Fenwick, Henry Filmer, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Thomas Gerard, William Goddard, Muriel Gurdon, Mary Gye, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Daniel & John Humphrey, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Matthew & Richard Kempe, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Anne Lovelace, Henry, Jane & Nicholas Lowe, Percival Lowell, Gabriel, Roger & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Agnes Mackworth, Roger & Thomas Mallory, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Oliver Manwaring, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Ellen Newton, Joshua & Rebecca Owen, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Richard Palgrave, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Anthony Savage, William Skepper, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, John Throckmorton, Samuel & William Torrey, John & Lawrence Washington, Olive Welby, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt.

9 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, Elizabeth Alsop, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Christopher Batt, Henry, Thomas & William Batte, Anne Baynton, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Thomas Bressey, Obadiah Bruen, Stephen Bull, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, Jeremy Clarke, St. Leger Codd, Henry Corbin, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Jane, Frances, & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, John Fenwick, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Muriel Gurdon, Mary Gye, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Matthew Kempe, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Henry, Jane & Nicholas Lowe, Gabriel, Roger & Sarah Ludlow, Agnes Mackworth, Roger & Thomas Mallory, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Ellen Newton, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, Henry & William Randolph, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, William Skepper, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, James Taylor, Samuel & William Torrey, John & Lawrence Washington, John West, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt.

Illegitimate children of John of England, by an unknown mistress (or mistresses):

i. GEOFFREY FITZ ROY. He first occurs in the records in 1200. In 1204 he received a loan by the pledge of William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, and Peter de Stokes. In 1205 he led an expedition into Poitou and died the same year. Curia Regis Rolls 3 (1926): 321 (suit dated 1205: “… quam diu predictus Radulfus [de Trublevill] fuerit in servicio nostro in Pictavia cum Gaufrido filio nostro”). F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 88 (“… was sent over with the …Army to Rochell, and there died”). T.D. Hardy Rotuli de Liberate ac de Misis et Præstitis Regnante Johanne (1844). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1204 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 18) (1940): xxxv–xxxvj, xlj, 33, 60, 87, 131. Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1205 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 19) (1941): xviij–xix, 19, 79–80. S. Painter Reign of King John (1949): 232–233. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102.

ii. JOHN FITZ ROY, possibly a clerk, supported by the custodians of the see of Lincoln in 1201. He was living in 1214. Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 192–193. S. Painter Reign of King John (1949): 232–233. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. S.D. Church King John: New Interpretations (1999): 194, footnote 100.

iii. HENRY FITZ ROY, Knt., of Waltham, Ashby, Brigsley, Gonerby (in Hatcliffe), Hawerby, and North Coates, Lincolnshire, and Chilham, Kent. He was sent as a student to the Prior of Kenilworth in 1207. In 1215 he was granted the lands of Robert Fitz Walter in Cornwall. In 1217 he and Ralph de Raleigh were granted the manor of Waltham, Lincolnshire formerly held by Alan Fitz Count to sustain them in royal service. In 1231 he was granted all of the land of Henry de Avaugor, a Norman, in Waltham, Lincolnshire. He married before 1236 EVE DE BLANCHMINSTER (or WHITCHURCH), widow of William de Champernoun (living 1230), of Umberleigh (in Atherington) and High Bickington, Devon, and daughter and heiress of Reynold de Blanchminster (or Whitchurch) (living 1248), of Shrivenham and Winterbourne (in Chieveley), Berkshire, and Bolney, Oxfordshire, by his 1st wife, Alice, daughter and co-heiress of Nicholas de Bolney. They had no issue. SIR HENRY FITZ ROY died shortly before 8 April 1245. His widow, Eve, married (3rd) before 30 June 1252 Giles de Clifford (living 1276). C.Ch.R. 1 (1895): 137 (“Henry the king’s brother”). J.L. Vivian Vis. of Devon (1895): 160. C.P.R. 1216–1225 (1901): 128, 574 (“Henricus filius regis”). C.C.R. 1227–1231 (1902): 51. C.P.R. 1225–1232 (1903): 311 (“Henricus frater regis”), 357, 441. C.C.R. 1234–1237 (1908): 219 (“Henrico fratri regis”). Book of Fees 1 (1920): 362 (“Henricus frater regis”), 617 (“Henricus filius regis”); 2 (1923): 660, 675, 1021 (instances of “Henricus filius Regis”). C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 20, 296, 450. C.C.R. 1237–1242 (1911): 511 (“Henricum filium regis”). Cal. Liberate Rolls 1 (1916): 35, 105, 137, 143, 172, 242, 304, 347, 425; 2 (1930): 2. VCH Berkshire 3 (1923): 424; 4 (1924): 63, 513, 533. C.C.R. 1251–1253 (1927): 116. S. Painter Reign of King John (1949): 232–233. C.P. 12 Pt. 2 (1959): 645 (sub Wilington). Curia Regis Rolls 13 (1959): 138, 215, 283 (“Henricus filius regis John), 290, 364–365, 371, 514, 542; 15 (1972): 83, 449 (styled “Henricum filium le Rey”). R.A. Brown Memoranda Roll for the Tenth Year of the Reign of King John 1207–8 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 31) (1957): 137 (Henry called “our son” [filio nostro] by King John). NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. B.R. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 375. S.D. Church Household Knights of King John (1999): 127.

iv. OSBERT GIFFORD, Knt. In 1215 he received the lands of Thomas de Arderne in Oxfordshire. In 1216 he likewise received Arderne’s lands in Bundes, Norfolk, and elsewhere in Suffolk, Essex, and Sussex, and as well as the lands of Amaury le Despenser, Roger Fitz Nicholas, and Ralph Bluet in Oxfordshire. SIR OSBERT GIFFORD died in 1248. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 87. Ancestor 3 (1902): 227 (his arms: Ermine two bars gules, on a chief gules a leopard or). Genealogist n.s. 28 (1912): 128–129. S. Painter Reign of King John (1949): 232–233. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. T.D. Tremlett et al. Rolls of Arms Henry III (H.S.P. 113-4) (1967): 47.

v. EUDES (or IVES) FITZ ROY, of Canewdon, Essex. In 1233 he was granted lands in Aldbury, Hertfordshire, formerly belonging to William d’Avranches. He had an exchequer fee of £20 granted to him in 1237. In the period, c.1227–41, he witnessed a charter for his brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, to Launceston Priory in Cornwall. In 1240 he joined Earl Richard on a crusade to the Holy Land. EUDES FITZ ROY died there testate shortly before 21 Jan. 1241/2. His lands in Essex were granted to Giles de Chanceaux in 1242. No known descendants. G. Oliver Monasticon Diocesis Exonienses (1846): 23. C.C.R. 1231–1234 (1905): 210 (“Eudoni filio regis”). C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 179 (“Eudo the king’s brother”), 270 (“Eudo son of R. the king’s brother”), 314 (“Eudo the king’s brother”). C.C.R. 1237–1242 (1911): 73 (“Eudoni fratri regis”), 386–387 (“Eudonis fratris regis”), 387 (“Ivonis fratris domini regis”), 532 (“Eudonis fratris nostri”). Cal. Liberate Rolls 1 (1916): 263; 2 (1930): 80. N. Denholm-Young Richard of Cornwall (1947): 41, 112. P.L. Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987) 12 (“Yvo brother of the earl” [Richard. Earl of Cornwall]).

vi. BARTHOLOMEW FITZ ROY, clerk, papal chaplain, member of the order of Friars Preachers, living August 1254. Papal Regs.: Letters 1 (1893): 281 (“brother of king Henry, being an illegitimate son of king John”), 286 (“the king’s brother”), 305.

vii. MAUD FITZ ROY, nun, elected Abbess of Barking 5 August 1247; died shortly before 6 Feb. 1252. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 1 (1817): 437, 441 (“Dame Maud la file le Roy John”). C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 506 (Maud, Abbess of Barking, styled “king’s sister” by King Henry III of England). VCH Essex 2 (1907): 120.

Alleged illegitimate child of John of England, by an unknown mistress, _____:

i. ISABEL FITZ ROY, married RICHARD FITZ IVES, Knt., of Degembris (in Newlyn East), Cornwall. They had two sons, William Fitz Richard, Knt. (of Degembris and Penhallow [both in Newlyn East], Lanisley [in Gulival], and Rosneython and Trenoweth-Chammon [both in St. Keverne]) and Richard Fitz Richard (clerk), and one daughter, Isabel (wife of Belyn Hellegan, Knt.). He gave tithes in Gruguth (in St. Keverne), Cornwall. SIR RICHARD FITZ IVES allegedly died in 1207. The lineal heirs of the Fitz Ives family c.1400 were three Longland sisters and co-heiresses, i.e., Margaret (wife of Leonard Hakluyt), Joan (wife of Robert Yevelton, Knt., and John Roynon), and Agnes (wife of John Farway) [see Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 243–248; T. Benolte Vis. of Somerset 1531, 1573 & 1591 (1885): 108 (Furneaux pedigree); F.W. Weaver Somerset Medieval Wills 1 (1901): 61–62, 66–67; Chancery Miscellanea Vol. III (List & Index Soc. 26) (1967): 255; J.S. Roskell House of Commons 1386–1421 3 (1992): 265–267 (biog. of Leonard Hakluyt)]. Modern descendants (not traced in this book). J. Polsue Complete Parochial Hist. of Cornwall 4 (1872): 76. Herald & Genealogist 7 (1873): 229–231 (Isabel styled “filie Regis Joh’is”). J. Maclean Hist. of the Deanery of Trigg Minor 1 (1876): 317. J.L. Vivian Vis. of Cornwall (1887): 30. G.D. Stawell A Quantock Fam.: The Stawells (1910): 44–45. J.H. Rowe & H. Tapley-Soper Cornwall Feet of Fines 1 (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. 1914a) (1914): 17, 49, 54–55, 58–59, 91–92, 171, 438–440. Reg. of Edward the Black Prince 2 (1931): 113, 120. Curia Regis Rolls 11 (1955): 473; 12 (1957): 189. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. Curia Regis Rolls 18 (1999): 362–363. Harleian Ms. 4031: ff.76b, 81.

Possible illegitimate child of John of England, by an unknown mistress, _____:

i. PHILIP FITZ ROY (possible child). In 1263 he and his wife, Lavina, conveyed lands at Bignor, Pebmarsh, and Petworth, Surrey to Henry Fitz [le] Roy, perhaps their son. L.F. Salzman Feet of Fines Rel. Sussex 2 (Sussex Rec. Soc. 7) (1908): 45 (“Ph[illip]um Fiz Le Rey” [i.e., Philip the king’s son]) (see W. Hudson Three Earliest Subsidies for Sussex 1296, 1327, 1332 (Sussex Rec. Soc. 19) (1910): 73, 95 (references to “Henr[icus] fyz le Rey” on 1296 Sussex subsidy).

4. HENRY III OF ENGLAND, King of England, son and heir, born at Winchester 1 Oct. 1207. He ascended the throne 19 Oct. 1216, and was crowned at Gloucester 28 Oct. 1216, again at Westminster Abbey 17 May 1220. Sometime prior to 19 Oct. 1216, he contracted to marry Yolande of Brittany, daughter of Pierre de Braine, Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, which contract was eventually voided. In 1226 he released all his right in the city and county of Angoulême, the city of Saintonge, and the castles of Cognac and Merpins to his mother and step-father. Henry assumed personal rule when he declared himself to be of full age in Jan. 1227. He married (1st) by proxy in 1235 JEANNE DE DAMMARTIN, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Simon de Dammartin (or de Boulogne), Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil, which marriage was annulled without consummation 27 April 1236 on grounds that they were related in the 4th degree of kindred. He married (2nd) at Canterbury Cathedral, Kent 14 Jan. 1236 ELEANOR OF PROVENCE, 2nd daughter and co-heiress of Raymond Bérenger V, Count and Marquis of Provence, Count of Forcalquier, by Béatrice, daughter of Tomasso I, Count of Savoy. They had nine children (see below). Henry’s personal rule in the direction of royal finances without the participation of the barons provoked discontent. The barons were further repelled by the influence over his government by his Queen’s Savoyard kinsmen. His Lusignan half-brothers involved him in a disastrous foray in France. Henry’s need for financial support compelled him in 1258 to agree to the creation of a privy council of barons to advise him and to oversee the administration of government. In 1259 he gave up his claim to Normandy and other hereditary possessions of the crown in France, in return for some territories in Gascony which had been lost. His major baronial opponent by 1263 was his brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 4]. In the ensuing civil war, Montfort captured Henry and his eldest son, Edward, at the Battle of Lewes in Sussex 14 May 1264. Montfort ruled England in Henry’s name until he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265. HENRY III OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk 16 Nov. 1272, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. His widow, Eleanor, entered Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, where she was veiled 7 July 1286. She gave five pounds of silver every Friday to the poor in reverence for the five wounds of Christ. In 1290 she requested a commission of oyer and terminer from the king to enquire into trespasses committed by her stewards or bailiffs throughout her lands. She died at Amesbury Priory testate 24 June 1291, where she was buried in the Convent Church. In 1292 Henry’s heart was delivered by the Abbot of Winchester to the Abbess of Fontrevault, to whom the king promised it when he visited her house in 1254.

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 87–94. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 15–17. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 (1816): 156 (Henry III styled “kinsman” by Philippe Auguste, King of France), 179 (Raymond VII, Duke of Narbonne, Count of Toulouse, etc., styled “kinsman”), 194 (Otto, Duke of Brunswick, styled “kinsman”), 222 (B. de Mastak’ [Matha] styled “kinsman”), 259, 489 (instances of Marguerite, Countess of Flanders & Hainault styled “kinswoman”), 301 (Henry III styled “kinsman” by Alfonso X, King of Castile), 389–390, 392 (instances of Henry III styled “kinsman” [consobrino, consanguineo] by Louis IX, King of France), 470 (Albert, Duke of Brunswick, styled “kinsman” by Henry III, Alice [Alaisiam, Alesiam] de Monte Ferrato [Montferrat] styled “kinswoman” [neptem] of Queen Eleanor of Provence), 475 (Peter of Savoy styled “uncle”). N.H. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 5–7. W.W. Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of the Reign of King Henry III 1 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1862): 295–296 (reference to contract to marry Yolande of Brittany), 482 (Joan, Countess of Flanders and Hainault, styled “kinswoman”); 2 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1866): 240–242 (Reymundus de Bonisvilla [Bouville] styled “kinsman”), 273–274, 279, 281–282 (instances of King Henry III styled “kinsman” by Marguerite, Countess of Flanders and Hainault). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 231 (Ex Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ : “Idelfonsus autem Comes Provinciæ factus Gersendem neptem Comitis Folcalquerii in uxorem duxit , ex qua Berengarium-Raimundus ultimum Comitem Catalonum habuit, qui in uxorem habuit filiam ducis Sabaudi, in cujus Berengarii minibus Nicentini juramentum fidelitatum præstiterunt sub anno MCCXXIX, die nona mensis novembris. Et hic Berengarius fuit famosus pulchritudine quatuor filiarum suarem, videlicit … Helionoræ secundo genitæ, quam Henrico III Anglorum Regi dedit, de quibus meminit Hostiensis in Summa, in titulum de clandestina desponsatione, quid igitur si tota patria.”). Papal Regs.: Letters 1 (1893): 201, 224 [instances of Guy de Roussillon styled “king’s clerk and kinsman”—see C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 418; List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 242 (Guy was Archdeacon of Lyons in 1254)], 249, 252 (instances of Albert, curate of Campilio, papal chaplain, styled “kinsman” of [Eleanor], Queen of England), 283, 311 (instances of Raymond/Remund de Bonisvilla [Bouville], papal chaplain, “styled “king’s kinsman”), 249, 252 (instances of Albert, curate of Campilio, papal chaplain, styled “queen’s kinsman”), 260, 266 (instances of Aymer de Lezigniaco [Lusignan], papal chaplain, styled “kinsman” of the king of England’”). C.P.R. 1216–1225 (1901): 53 (Robert de Courtenay of Oakhampton styled “kinsman”). C.P.R. 1225–1232 (1903): 98. Genealogist n.s. 21 (1905): 4–11 [Peter de Genève (died 1249) and Ebles de Genève (died 1259), identified as near kinsmen of Eleanor of Provence; see C.P. 5 (1926): 629 (sub Geneville), footnote e; D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 11 (1986): 158 (sub Genf)]. C.C.R. 1231–1234 (1905): 340 (William de Mastac [Matha] styled “king’s kinsman”). C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 122 (J[oan], Countess of Flanders, styled “kinswoman”), 190 (Robert le Clerc, son of Robert de Curtenay, styled “king’s kinsman”), 242, 251, 355 (instances of Thomas of Savoy, Count of Flanders and Hainault, styled “king’s uncle”), 251, 253, 266 (instances of Peter of Savoy styled “king’s uncle”), 309 (Guy de Lezinan [Lusignan] styled “king’s brother”), 311 (Hugh le Brun styled “king’s brother”), 312 (Aymer de Lezynan [Lusignan], styled “king’s brother”), 382 (Amanieu d’Albret styled “king’s kinsman”), 412 (Fulk de Castro Novo styled “king’s kinsman”), 505, 508–509 (instances of William de Valence styled “king’s brother”). C.C.R. 1234–1237 (1908): 340 (B[oson] de Mastak’ [Matha], count of Bigorre, styled “kinsman”) (see article on Matha family at website—http://

www.ifrance.com/poitou/Chatel.htm.). C.P.R. 1247–1258 (1908): 9, 344 (instances of Count Thomas of Sabaudia [Savoy], styled “king’s uncle”), 34, 48 (instances of Peter de Sabaudia [Savoy] styled “king’s uncle”), 36 (Thibaut I, King of Navarre, Count Palatine of Champagne & Brie, styled “kinsman”), 313, 358, 415, 532 (instances of Margaret, Vicomtesse of Thouars, styled “king’s sister”), 313–314, 385, 415, 468, 532 (instances of Isabel de Croun [Craon] styled “king’s sister”), 399 (Eschivat de Chabbeneys [Chabanais], count of Bigorre, styled “king’s kinsman”), 424, 429 (instances of Master Simon de Rupe Cauardi [Rochechouart] styled “king’s kinsman” [see C.T. Clay York Minster Fasti 2 (Yorks. Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 124) (1959): 5], 490 (Geoffrey Martel styled “king’s kinsman” [see G.P. Cuttino Gascon Reg. A 2 (1975): 527]). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 597–598 (biog. of Eleanor of Provence: “ … The extreme unpopularity of Queen Eleanor is reflected in nearly all the contemporary annalists”); 9 (1908): 463–482 (biog. of Henry III: “… He had a refined mind and cultivated tastes… He was sincerely religious… His life was moral… Though obstinate, he was infirm of purpose, and no dependence could be placed on him… shifty and false… He had no talent for administration… his campaigns were disgracefully managed”). C.P.R. 1258–1266 (1910): 86 (Raymond de Bevill [Bouville] and Bertrand his brother, sons of Bernard de Bevill [Bouville], styled “kinsmen of the king”), 158, 241–242, 245–246 (instances of Raymond de Bovis Villa [Bouville] styled “king’s kinsman”), 208 (Alfonse, Count of Toulouse and Poitiers, styled “king’s kinsman”), 277 (sister of marquis of Montferrat styled “king’s niece”), 283, 293 (instances of “A[lbert], Duke of Brunswick, styled “king’s kinsman”), 350, 398, 659 (instances of Marguerite, Countess of Flanders, styled “king’s kinswoman”), 494, 528, 567 (instances of Bertram de Boyvill (or Bovis Villa) [Bouville] styled “king’s kinsman”), 498 (Hugh, count of La Marche and Angoulême, styled “king’s kinsman”), 503, 562, 568, 588 (instances of William de Valencia [Valence] styled “king’s brother”), 527, 541–542, 544 (instances of Geoffrey de Leziniaco [Lusignan] styled “king’s brother”), 532 (Guy de Marchia [Marche] styled “king’s nephew”), 554 (Aymer [de Lusignan], bishop elect of Winchester styled “king’s late brother”), 666, 668 (instances of Peter, count of Savoy, styled “king’s uncle”). C.P.R. 1266–1272 (1913): 3 (Albert, Duke of Brunswick, styled “king’s kinsman”; his wife, Alice de Monte Ferrato [Montferrat] styled “niece of Queen Eleanor”), 64, 606, 618–619 (instances of Bertram de Bovisvilla [Bouville] styled “king’s kinsman”), 197, 304 (instances of Philip de Sabaudia [Savoy], count of Burgundy, styled “king’s uncle”), 310 (Peter de Sabaudia [Savoy] (deceased) styled “queen’s uncle”), 318, 622 (Elisenta, wife of Matthew de Loveyn, styled “king’s kinswoman”), 335, 338, 364, 513 (instances of Guy de Leziniaco [Lusignan] styled king’s “brother”), 336 ([Alice], wife of [Albert], Duke of Brunswick, styled “king’s niece”), 455 (Maurice, lord of Craon, styled “king’s nephew”), 506, 658–659 (instances of John son of William de Valencia [Valence, John de] styled “king’s nephew”). C.P. 3 (1913): 320, footnote c (Margaret of Savoy, wife of Baldwin de Reviers, 7th Earl of Devon, styled “king’s kinswoman”). Cal. Liberate Rolls 1 (1916): 195 (Alpesia, nun of Amesbury, styled “king’s cousin”), 323 (Robert de Courtenay, son of Robert, styled “king’s kinsman”), 486 (Ferrandus [Fernando], son of the King of Portugal, styled “king’s cousin”); 2 (1930): 23 (Ségur styled “king’s cousin”); 3 (1937): 128 (Gwidona, wife of Hugh Chaceporc, styled “king’s kinswoman” [see C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 502—Gwydona styled “king’s kinwoman (cognata)]), 130, 218, 278, 330, 335, 357 (Peter de Abuzun styled “king’s kinsman”) [see also C/270/26/1 (Peter de Aubenzun styled “royal kinsman”); C.P.R. 1247–1258 (1908): 88, 143, 459], 152, 189 (Fulk de Castro Novo [Châteauneuf] styled “king’s cousin”) [see C.C.R. 1242–1247 (1916): 498; Genealogist n.s. 21 (1905): 8 (footnote 22), 242], 220, 242 (Alice de Blois, abbess of Fontevrault, styled “king’s kinswoman”), 240, 242 (Hugh Anselmi (or Anselmes) styled “king’s kinsman”), 302 (Odo [Otto], Duke of Brunswick, styled “king’s kinsman”—C.C.R. 1227–1231 (1902): 95, 233–234), 330 (William de Chabeneis [Chabanais] styled “king’s kinsman” [see C.P.R. 1247–1258 (1908): 119, 174, 257 (Ségur de Castro Novo [Châteauneuf] styled “king’s kinsman”) [see C.P.R. 1247–1258 (1908): 5, 257; J.F.E. Castaigne Chron. de l’Abbaye de la Couronne (1864): 131; G.P. Cuttino Gascon Reg. A 2 (1975): 578 (Ségur de Chateu Nou [Castelnau] styled “mon coysi” by Raimond Viger d’Archiac)], 327 (Arnold de Boville [Bouville], clerk, styled “of his [the king’s] “kinship”) [see C.C.R. 1256–1259 (1932): 45 (Arnald de Bevyle [Bouville] styled “king’s kinsman”)], 561, 567 (Henry of Castile brother of King of Castile styled “king’s kinsman”). C.C.R. 1247–1251 (1922): 389, 507 (Raymond de Bovis Villa [Bouville] styled “king’s kinsman”) [see C.C.R. 1254–1256 (1931): 258, 289 (Raymond de Beyvyle [Bouville] styled “king’s kinsman”). List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 229. C.C.R. 1261–1264 (1936): 170 (A[lbert], Duke of Brunswick, styled “kinsman”), 282 (Raymond de Bovisville [Bouville] styled “king’s kinsman”)]. C.C.R. 1253–1254 (1929): 225 (William de Bovill [Bouville]‘ styled “king’s kinsman”), 246 (Emerico de Rupe Cauard’ [Amaury de Rochecouart] styled “king’s kinsman”). F.M. Powicke King Henry III and the Lord Edward (1947). C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 45–46 (John de Caux styled “kinsman” of Queen Eleanor). Jour. of the British Arch. Assoc. 3rd Ser. 16 (1953): 27–28. I.J. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 120–121, 131–132, 136–137, 140–141, 148–149. F.M. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 34–35. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18–24, 92 (arms of Henry III: Gules, three lions passant gardent in pale or). T.D. Tremlett et al. Rolls of Arms Henry III (H.S.P. 113-4) (1967): 30, 71 (Fulk de Châteauneuf styled “king’s cousin” [consobrinus] by Matthew Paris). E.L. Cox The Eagles of Savoy (1974). G.P. Cuttino Gascon Reg. A 2 (1975): 531–532 (Henry III styled “kinsman” by King Louis IX of France). G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 17–18. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 70 (sub Aragón, Barcelona, and Provence), 83 (sub England). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 37–38. D. Carpenter Minority of Henry III (1990). D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 69–70 (biog. of Henry III: “… What Henry lacked in statesmanship was largely compensated by a cultivated mind and a patronage of literature and the arts… His rebuilding of Westminster Abbey… was his greatest achievement”), 70–71 (biog. of Eleanor of Provence: “… strong-willed, avaricious and pleasure-loving, but she was a loyal wife and mother”). M. Howell “Children of King Henry III” (13th Cent. England 4) (1992): 57–72. R. Mortimer Angevin England 1154–1258 (1994). G.J. Brault Rolls of Arms Edward I (1272–1307) 2 (1997): 153 (arms of Eleanor of Provence: Gules, three lions passant guardant or, impaling paly or and gules, both dimidiated). M. Howell Eleanor of Provence (1998): 53, 108 (Alice, wife of Richard de Burgh [died 1248], probable kinswoman of Queen Eleanor [see C.P. 12 Pt. 2 (1959): 171, footnote e (sub Ulster)]; Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis Monachi Sancti Albani Historia Anglorum 3 (Rolls Ser. 44) (1869): 25], 168 (Isabel wife of Ingram de Fiennes styled “queen’s kinswoman” [cognata regine], citing E101/349/26 mm. 1–2 [Note: Isabel de Fiennes was aunt of Beatrice de Mohun, wife of John de Carew – see H.C.M. Lyte Hist. of Dunster 1 (1909): 33–34; 2 (1909): 556]). J.E. Sayer Original Papal Docs. in England & Wales (1198–1304) (1999): 97–99, 159–160, 184–185, 203. S.D. Church King John: New Interpretations (1999): 175, footnote 31. Online resource: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/barcelona/barcelona2.html#RB5.

Children of Henry III of England, by Eleanor of Provence:

i. EDWARD I OF ENGLAND [see next].

ii. MARGARET (or MARGERY) OF ENGLAND, born 29 Oct. 1240. She married (as his 1st wife) at York, Yorkshire 26 Dec. 1251 ALEXANDER III, King of Scotland, son and heir of Alexander II, King of Scotland, by his 2nd wife, Mary, daughter of Enguerrand III de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy. He was born at Roxburgh 4 Sept. 1241. They had two sons, Alexander and David, and one daughter, Margaret (wife of Eric Magnusson, King of Norway). His wife, Margaret, died 26 Feb. 1274/5, buried at Dunfermline. King Alexander III married (2nd) at Jedburgh 14 Oct. 1285 Yolande, Countess of Montfort-l’Amaury, daughter of Robert IV, Count of Dreux, Braine, and

Montfort-l’Aumary, by Beatrice, daughter and heiress of Jean I, Count of Montfort-l’Amaury. They had no issue. Alexander III, King of Scotland, was killed falling over a cliff at Kinghorn 19 March 1285/6, and was buried at Dunfermline. No living descendants. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 93. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 2 (1816): 565 (Alexander styled “brother[-in-law]” [fratris] by King Edward I of England). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Flandre 1 (1873): 3 (seal of Alexander III). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 6–7 (sub Kings of Scotland). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 264–267 (biog. of Alexander III). C.P.R. 1266–1272 (1913): 250, 325, 365, 510 (instance of Margaret, Queen of Scotland, styled “king’s daughter”). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England), 90 (sub Scotland), 111 (sub Norway); 3 Pt. 1 (1984): 63 (sub Dreux); 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 642 (sub Montfort). Nottingham Medieval Studies 30 (1986): 20–45. E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 58. J.E. Sayer Original Papal Docs. in England & Wales (1198–1304) (1999): 154. P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 315–316, 325.

iii. BEATRICE (or BÉATRICE) OF ENGLAND, married JEAN DE BRETAGNE, Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond [see WYDEVILLE 5].10

iv. EDMUND OF ENGLAND, Knt., Earl of Leicester, Derby, and Lancaster, married BLANCHE OF ARTOIS [see LANCASTER 5].11

v. RICHARD OF ENGLAND, born about 1247, died 29 August 1250, buried at Westminster Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 92. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

vi. JOHN OF ENGLAND, born Advent 1250, died 31 August 1252, buried at Westminster Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 92. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

vii. KATHERINE OF ENGLAND, born 25 Nov. 1253, died at Windsor Castle 3 May 1257. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 94. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

viii. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, died 1259, buried at New Temple. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 92. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

ix. HENRY OF ENGLAND, born May 1260, died 10 Oct. 1260, buried at Westminster Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 93. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

5. EDWARD I OF ENGLAND [nicknamed Longshanks], Knt., Earl of Chester, son and heir, born at Westminster, Middlesex 17/18 June 1239. He married (1st) at the monastery of Las Huelgas in Spain 18 Oct. 1254 ELEANOR (or LEONOR) OF CASTILE-LEÓN, daughter of [Saint] Fernando III, King of Castile and León (descendant of King Henry II), by his 2nd wife, Jeanne (or Juana), Countess of Ponthieu, Montreuil, and Aumale daughter and heiress of Simon de Dammartin, Count of Ponthieu, Montreuil, and Aumale [see CASTILE 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1241. They had 15 or 16 children (see below). In 1254 Alfonso X, King of Castile, ceded all his rights in Gascony to him. In the conflict between his father, King Henry III, and the barons led by Simon de Montfort, Edward at first supported Montfort, but then supported his father. He was taken prisoner with his father at the Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264. Edward took the cross 24 June 1268 and was on crusade at Acre in the Holy Land from 11 August 1270 (date of embarkation) to 15 August 1272. On his return journey to England, he was in the kingdom of Sicily when he learned of his father’s death, and paid homage at Paris to his cousin, the French King, Philippe III, for his French lands. He landed at Dover in England 2 August 1274, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 August 1274. Having learned much from the civil war of his father’s reign, he embarked on the restoration of royal authority with the institution of inquiries into the authority by which landowners held their jurisdictions and overhauled the civil and criminal law. From 1275 to 1307, he summoned representatives of the shires and boroughs to parliaments, that is, meetings of the king and the principal men of the realm. This improved relations between the king and the borough communities and committed them to some support of his policies, although Edward had no intention of sharing royal authority. Edward was much concerned with asserting his claims to sovereignty over the whole of Britain. In 1277 he defeated Llywelyn, Prince of North Wales, and in the early 1280’s conquered the latter’s principality and annexed it to

10 Ancestors of William Bladen, Elizabeth Bosvile, Charles Calvert, St. Leger Codd, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Warham

Horsmanden, John Nelson, Thomas Owsley, Katherine Saint Leger, Mary Johanna Somerset, Thomas Wingfield. 11 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, Elizabeth Alsop, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Anne Baynton, John Bevan, Essex

Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, George, Giles, & Robert Brent, Stephen Bull, Charles Calvert, Grace Chetwode, James & Norton Claypoole, St. Leger Codd, Elizabeth Coytemore, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, William Farrar, John Fenwick, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, John Fenwick, Thomas Gerard, William Goddard, Muriel Gurdon, Mary Gye, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Daniel & John Humphrey, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Gabriel, Roger & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Agnes Mackworth, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Oliver Manwaring, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Joshua & Rebecca Owen, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Richard Palgrave, Herbert Pelham, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, Edward Raynsford, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Anthony Savage, William Skepper, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, Samuel & William Torrey, John & Lawrence Washington, Olive Welby, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt, George Yate.

the English Crown. The hereditary Anglo-Norman lords continued to rule the marches of Wales with the overlordship of the English Crown. On her mother’s death in 1279, his wife, Eleanor, laid claim to the county of Ponthieu as being her lawful inheritance, to the exclusion of her brother Ferdinand’s son, Jean of Ponthieu. Eleanor died at Harby, Nottinghamshire 28 Nov. 1290, and was buried at Westminster Abbey 17 Dec. 1290. The extinction of the direct Scottish royal line in 1290 enabled Edward to press his claim to the overlordship of Scotland, but he met resistance from his choice as King of the Scots, John de Balliol. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, deposed Balliol and sought to occupy the kingdom. William Wallace, a supporter of Balliol, began a successful rebellion, but was decisively defeated by Edward at Falkirk in 1298. Robert de Brus, whose grandfather had been a claimant to the Scottish throne, and who was a rival of the Balliols, rebelled, and was crowned king in 1306. In 1294 Edward had become embroiled in war with his overlord, Philippe IV, King of France, who was asserting himself in the affairs of Edward’s duchy of Gascony. The extortionate demands for services and money to fight Philippe and to suppress Scottish resistance alienated his English subjects in his later years and provoked renewed baronial opposition. He married (2nd) at Canterbury Cathedral, Kent 8 Sept. 1299 (by dispensation dated 1 July 1298, they being related in the 2nd and 3rd degrees of kindred and in the 4th degree of affinity) MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, daughter of Philippe III le Hardi, King of France (descendant of King Henry II), by his 2nd wife, Marie, daughter of Henry III, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1279. They had three children (see below). EDWARD I OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Burgh-on-Sands, near Carlisle, Cumberland 7 July 1307, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. His widow, Margaret, died testate at Marlborough Castle 14 Feb. 1317, and was buried in the church of the Grey Friars, London.

Drawn by E. Blore. Engraved by H. Le Keux.

Effigy of Eleanor of Castile, Queen of England,

in Westminster Abbey.

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 127–144. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 18–21. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 481 (Gaston [de Béarn], vicomte of Béarn, styled “cousin”—see Fœdera 2 Pt. 2: 620), 486–487, 566 (instances of Edward I styled “cousin” by Charles, King of Sicily); 1 Pt. 2 (1816): 512 (Raoul de Clermont [constable of France], Amaury de Montfort, Jean de Montfort [Count of Squillace & Moterescaiens], and Guy de Montfort all styled “cousins”), 534 (Albert, Duke of Brunswick, styled “kinsman”, 556 (Edward I styled “kinsman” [affini] by Rudolph, King of the Romans), 559 (Brumisan del Carretto, wife of Ugolino de Flisco [Fieschi], Count of Lavaniæ [Lavagna], styled “kinswoman”), 561 (Edward I styled “cousin” by Jeanne [de Châtillon], Countess of Alençon and Chartres), 569 (Edmund [de] Genenue [recte Guy de Genève], Bishop of Langres, styled “cousin”), 571–572, 585, 589 (instances of Edward I styled “cousin” or “consobrinus” by Philippe III, King of France), 581 (Edward I styled “kinsman” by Heinrich, Duke of Brunswick), 583 ([Charles], Prince of Salerno, styled “cousin”), 589 (King Edward I styled “kinsman” by Adelheide, Duchess of Brunswick), 600, 607 (instances of Maurice, seigneur de Craon, styled “cousin”), 627 (Pierre, Count of Alençon and Blois, styled “cousin”), 665–666, 937, 959 (instances of Edward I styled “cousin” by Philippe IV, King of France), 800 (Edward I styled “cousin” by Blanche, daughter of the King of France), 815, 840, 870, 903, 957 (instances of Ame[z], Count of Savoy, styled “cousin”), 911 (Charles of Valois and Louis of Évreux, counts, styled “brothers[-in-law]” by King Edward I of England), 986 (Louis, Count of Deurez [Évreux], styled “kinsman”), 987 (Agnès, Duchess of Burgundy, styled “kinswoman”). E. Blore Monumental Remains of Noble & Eminent Persons (1826). Coll. Top. et Gen. 5 (1838): 276. W.W. Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of the Reign of King Henry III 2 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1866): 305 (Marguerite, Countess of Flanders and Hainault, styled “kinswoman”). R. de Belleval Nobiliaire de Ponthieu et de Vimeu (1876): 759–760. L.-E. de La Gorgue-Rosny Recherches Généalogiques sur les Comtés de Ponthieu, de Boulogne, de Guines et Pays Circonvoisins 4 (1877): 1, 70. Cal. of Docs. Rel. Ireland 2 (1877): 200 (Godfrey de Lezignan, “the king’s uncle, deceased”), 487 (Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, styled “cousin” by Queen Eleanor of Castile); 1285–1292 (1879): 364 (Agnes de Valence, widow of Maurice Fitz Gerald, styled “king’s cousin”). Genealogist n.s. 3 (1886): 148–155. Papal Regs.: Letters 1 (1893): 506 (Peter de Sabaudia [Savoy] styled “kinsman” of King Edward I), 512 (Isabella de Marchia [Marche], lady of Cantotey, in the diocese of Angers, styled “aunt of the king of England”). C.P.R. 1281–1292 (1893): 446 (Isabel, lady of Fenes [Fiennes] styled “king’s kinswoman”), 470 (Boniface de Saluciis [Saluzzo] styled “king’s kinsman and clerk”—see C.C.R. 1288–1296 (1904): 443). C.P.R. 1292–1301 (1895): 389, 391 (Eleanor de Genève, wife successively of Alexander de Baliol and Robert de Stuteville, styled “king’s kinswoman”[see J.R. Walbran Antiqs. of Gainsford (1846): chart facing 147 (Baliol pedigree); Early Yorkshire Charters 9 (1952): 42, 59–62]). Cal. of Docs. Rel. Ireland 2 (1877): 200 (Godfrey de Lezignan, “the king’s uncle, deceased”), 487 (Richard styled “cousin” by Queen Eleanor of Castile). C.P.R. 1301–1307 (1898): 67 (Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, styled “king’s kinsman”). C.C.R. 1272–1279 (1900): 472 (“Amisius de Sabaudia [Savoy] styled “king’s kinsman”). C.C.R. 1272–1279 (1900): 209, 244 (Maurice de Creon [Craon] styled “king’s kinsman”). C.C.R. 1279–1288 (1902): 79, 159 (Jacob [James] de Ispannia styled “queen’s kinsman”; James de Ispannia styled “nephew of the queen the king’s consort”), 163 (Amadeus de Sabaudia [Savoy] styled “king’s kinsman”), 342 (Alfonsus de Ispannia styled “kinsman of Queen Eleanor, the King’s consort”). English Hist. Rev. 17 (1902): 518–527; 68 (1953): 56–62; 77 (1962): 79–86 (letter of Edward I dated 1305 addresses his wife, Margaret, as “dear cousin” [chiere cosine]). East Herts. Arch. Soc. 1 (1902): 333–334 (Eleanor died at the house of Richard de Weston or of Sir John Weston at Hardby [now Harby] in Nottinghamshire about ten miles from Clipstone) (her body was taken to Lincoln on Dec. 4th, and the procession to Westminster Abbey stopped the next successive days at Grantham, Stamford, Geddington, Northampton, Stony Stratford, Woburn, Dunstable, St. Albans, Waltham, Westcheap and Charing. “In every town and place where the corpse rested, the King commanded a cross of admirable workmanship to be erected to the Queen’s memory” of which Northampton, Geddington and Waltham remain). C.C.R. 1288–1296 (1904): 443–444 (Peter of Savoy, clerk, styled “king’s kinsman”), 451 (H[enry] son of the late King of Castile styled “the king’s brother-in-law”; John de Britannia [Brittany] styled “his (i.e., the king’s) nephew”). Cal. IPMs 2 (1906): 247 (Eve, widow of Robert de Valoines (died 1279), styled “king’s cousin” [see C.P. 12 Pt. 2 (1959): 150 (sub Ufford)]). VCH Stafford 1 (1908): 231 (“Edward I, the great general, statesman, and lawyer”). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 432–456 (biog. of Edward I: “… [He] was tall and well made, broadchested, with the long and nervous arms of a swordsman… He excelled in all knightly exercises, and was much given to hunting… and hawking… he was prudent in counsel… his word was always sacred to him… He was hasty, quick to take offense, and towards the end of his life hard and stern… Everywhere he freed the state from the action of feudal principles, and encouraged… national political life… He was the founder of our parliamentary system”), 596–597 (biog. of Eleanor of Castile: “ … Though pious and virtuous, she was rather grasping … She had given scandal by joining with Jewish usurers, and getting estates from christians”). C.F.R. 1272–1307 (1911): 189 (Master James de Ispannia “nephew of queen Eleanor, the king’s consort”). C.P. 3 (1913): 170 (sub Chester); 6 (1926): 467–470 (sub Hereford); 12 Pt.2 (1959): 283–284 (sub Vescy) (Clemence, wife of John de Vescy, styled “queen’s kinswoman”). English Hist. Rev. 29 (1914): 435–452. A.O. Anderson Early Sources of Scottish Hist. 500 to 1286 2 (1922): 675 (Alexander III, King of Scotland, styled “cousin”). Cal. Chancery Warrants (1927): 24, 48 (Agnes de Valence, widow of Hugh de Balliol, styled “king’s kinswoman”), 27 (Sir Reynald, Count of Guelders, Duke of Limburg styled “kinsman of the king’s consort, [Eleanor]”), 43 (Louis of Savoy styled “king’s kinsman”), 100 (Sir Ingeram de Fynles [Fiennes] styled “cousin to Eleanor formerly the king’s consort”), 261 (Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, styled “king’s cousin”). Bull. Institute Hist. Research 15 (1937): 94–99. I.J. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14, 112, 136–137, 139, 147–148. F.M. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 34–35. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18–24. F.M. Powicke The 13 Cent.

th

(1962). E.L.G. Stones Edward I (1962). L.F. Salzman Edward I (1968). R. Petit Le Ponthieu et la Dynastie Anglaise au XIIIe Siècle (1969). M. Prestwich War, Politics and Finance under Edward I (1972). G.P. Cuttino Gascon Reg. A 2 (1975): 400–401 (Edward I styled “kinsman” by King Philippe III of France), 511–516, 642–677. J.C. Parsons Court and Household of Eleanor of Castile in 1290 (1977): 41, 127 (Joan Wake [see WAKE 7], Clemence de Vesci, Alice de Montfort12, and Marie de St. Amand styled “kinswomen” [consanguineis] of Queen Eleanor of Castile), 48, 50 (“[William], lord de la Plaunche styled “kinsman of the queen consort,” citing E101/352/4 m.4.), 73 (Martin Alfonson styled

12 Alice de Montfort, kinswoman of Queen Eleanor of Castile, is identified as Alice de la Plaunche, wife of John de Montfort, 1st Lord Montfort,

of Beaudesert, Warwickshire, and daughter of William de la Plaunche, lord of la Plaunche [see C.P. 9 (1936): 128 (sub Montfort); Genealogist n.s. 14 (1897): 104]. Alice and John were married before 28 March 1287, when King Edward I, in an unpublished letter, ordered his lieutenant in England to deal favorably with John de Montfort who had married a cousin of the Queen (see Public Record Office, S.C. 1/45/46; citation courtesy of J.C. Parsons). Alice was living as late as Easter Term 1309, when William Morin of Kineton, Warwickshire was attached to answer her “concerning a plea why with force and arms he entered the castle of the same Alice at Beaudesert and took and carried away her goods and chattels found there to the value of one hundred shillings” [see M.S. Arnold Select Cases of Trespass from the King’s Court 1307-1399 1 (Selden Soc. 100) (1985): 126–127]. On the basis of similarity of arms, Parsons speculates that the de la Plaunche family were a cadet branch of the Fiennes family. John and Alice (de la Plaunche) de Montfort’s elder daughter, Elizabeth, is the mother of Baldwin Freville, Knt. [see FREVILLE 8]; their younger daughter, Maud, is the grandmother of Thomas le Boteler, Knt. [see BELKNAP 10].

“queen’s nephew”). G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 19–20. B. Barbiche Les Actes Pontificaux Originaux des Archives Nationales de Paris 2 (Index Actorum Romanorum pontificum ab Innocentio III ad Martinum V electum 2) (1978): 328, 433. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 63 (sub Castile and León). 84 (sub England). Genealogists’ Mag. 20 (1982): 335–340 (Ingram de Gynnes [Guines] styled “cousin” by Queen Eleanor of Castile). J.C. Parsons “The Year of Eleanor of Castile’s Birth and her Children by Edward I” Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265 (“The accounts kept by the queen’s executors show that on the first anniversary of her death, the number of paupers paid to carry candles in the procession was forty-nine, an unusual number which may well correspond to Eleanor’s age at her death”). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 38–39. M. Prestwich Edward I (1988). S. de Vajay “From Alphonso VII to Alphonso X” Studies in Gen. & Fam. Hist. in Tribute to Charles Evans (1989): 366–417. Genealogists’ Mag. 23 (1989): 141–144. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 72–73 (biog. of Edward I Longshanks: “… A great soldier and a wise statesman, he initiated constitutional reforms that laid the foundations of parliamentary government”), 73 (biog. of Eleanor of Castile), 75 (biog. of Margaret of France). D. Parsons Eleanor of Castile 1290–1990 (1991). M.A. Hicks Who’s Who in Late Medieval England (1991): 1–6 (biog. of King Edward I: “He was a great soldier, who had all the energy and ruthlessness required of the successful medieval monarch… a great lawgiver, the man who updated the common law to meet the demands of the later thirteenth century”). G.J. Brault Rolls of Arms Edward I (1272–1307) 2 (1997): 152 (arms of Edward I: Gules, three lions passant guardant or; he sealed with three lions passant guardant and a label in 1259 and before 1272, and with three lions passant guardant, variously between 1276 and 1301), 153 (arms of Eleanor of Castile: Gules, three lions passant guardant or, impaling quarterly, 1 and 4 argent, a lion rampant sable, 2 and 3 gules, a castle or, both dimidiated). J.E. Sayer Original Papal Docs. in England & Wales (1198–1304) (1999): 403–405, 426 (William, marquis of Montferrat, styled “cousin” of King Edward I of England), 454–455. P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 145–146, 149. Online resource: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/ivrea/ivrea6.html#LF3.

Children of Edward I of England, by Eleanor of Castile-León:

i. daughter, died 29 May ____, buried at Dominican Priory Church at Bordeaux, France. [Note: This child may be the same as the child who was born and died in Palestine in 1271]. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265.

ii. KATHERINE OF ENGLAND, died 5 Sept. 1264, buried at Westminster Abbey. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265.

iii. JOAN OF ENGLAND, born Jan. 1265, died before 7 Sept. 1265, buried at Westminster Abbey. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

iv. JOHN OF ENGLAND, born Windsor Castle 13/14 July 1266, died at Wallingford, Berkshire 3 August 1271, while in care of his uncle, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, his father being on crusade; buried at Westminster Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 138. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265.

v. HENRY OF ENGLAND, born shortly before 6 May 1268, died at Guildford, Surrey 14/17 Oct. 1274, buried at Westminster Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 138. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

vi. ELEANOR (or ÉLÉONORE) OF ENGLAND, born at Windsor Castle, Berkshire about 18 June 1269. She was contracted to marry ALFONSO III el Liberal, King of Aragón, Count of Barcelona, son and heir of Pedro III el Grande, King of Aragón, Count of Barcelona, King of Sicily, by Constanza, daughter of Manfred, King of Sicily. Alfonso III, King of Aragón, died prior to marriage at Barcelona 18 June 1291. She married at Bristol 20 Sept. 1293 HENRI III, Count of Bar, seigneur of Torcy in Brie, son and heir of Theobald II, Count of Bar, by his 2nd wife, Jeanne, daughter of Jean, seigneur of Toucy. He was born in 1259. They had one son, Édouard I [Count of Bar, seigneur of la Puisaye], and one daughter, Joan (wife of John de Warenne, Knt., 8th Earl of Surrey [see WARENNE 6]). His wife, Eleanor, died at Ghent 29 August 1298. HENRI III, Count of Bar, died at Naples Sept. 1302. Modern descendants (not traced in this book). F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 139. C.C.R. 1296–1302 (1906): 605 ([Henri] Count of Bar styled “the king’s son”). T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 2 (1816): 798. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). F.M. Powicke The 13 Cent. th (1962): 257–258, 263–264. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln n.s. 1 Pt. 2 (1999): 227 (sub Bar); 2 (1984): 70 (sub Aragón), 84 (sub England). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 586–587, 590–591.

vii. daughter, born in Palestine shortly after her parents’ arrival there in May 1271, died there before Sept. 1271. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265.

viii. JOAN OF ENGLAND [sometimes styled JOAN OF ACRE], married (1st) GILBERT DE CLARE, Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford [see MONTAGU 6],13 (2nd) RALPH DE MONTHERMER, Knt., 1st Lord Monthermer [see MONTAGU 6].14

13 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, Samuel Argall, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Charles Barham, Anne Baynton,

Marmaduke Beckwith, Richard & William Bernard, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Nathaniel Burrough, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, Jeremy Clarke, James & Norton Claypoole, William Clopton, St. Leger Codd, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, William Farrar, John Fenwick, Henry Filmer, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Muriel Gurdon, John Harleston, Elizabeth Haynes, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Richard, & Matthew Kempe, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Anne Lovelace, Gabriel, Roger & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Agnes Mackworth, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Richard Palgrave, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, Henry & William Randolph, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Anthony Savage, William Skepper, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, John Throckmorton, Samuel & William Torrey, John & Lawrence Washington, Olive Welby, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt.

14 Ancestors of Elizabeth Alsop, William Asfordby, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, Stephen Bull, Charles Calvert, Francis Dade, Thomas Dudley, Anne Humphrey, Thomas Lunsford, John Nelson, John Oxenbridge, Herbert Pelham, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John West, Thomas Wingfield.

ix. ALPHONSE OF ENGLAND, Earl of Chester, born at Bayonne 23/24 Nov. 1273, died at Windsor Castle, Berkshire 19 August 1284, buried at Westminster Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 138. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). C.P. 3 (1913): 171 (sub Chester). Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265.

x. MARGARET OF ENGLAND, born 15 March 1275. She married at Westminster Abbey 9 July 1290 JOHN (or JEAN) II le Pacifique, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, and Limburg, son and heir of John (or Jean) I le Victorieux, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, and Limburg, by 2nd wife, Marguerite, daughter of Guy (or Gui) de Dampierre, Count of Flanders, Marquis of Namur. He was born 27 Sept. 1275. They had one son, John (or Jean) (III) [Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, and Limburg]. JOHN II, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, and Limburg, died at Tervueren 27 Oct. 1312. His widow, Margaret, was living 11 March 1333. They were buried in the church of Ste. Gudule, Brussels. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 143. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 2 (1726): 785–799 (sub Louvain). C. Piot Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 405–406, 432–433, 478–480. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Flandre 1 (1873): 39 (seal of John II, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, etc.). C. Piot Inventaire des Chartes des Comtes de Namur (1890): 100, 108 (instances of Jean (I) of Flanders, Count of Namur, styled “uncle” by John II, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, etc.). A. Verkooren Inventaire des Chartes et Cartulaires du Luxembourg 1 (1914): 380–381 (Philippine, Countess of Hainault, styled “cousin” by Jean II, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, etc.). Misc. Gen. et Heraldica 5th Ser. 3 (1918–19): 194–196. H. Johnstone Letters of Edward Prince of Wales 1304–1305 (1931): 58, 100, 121 [John, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, & Limburg styled “very dear brother” [trescher frere] by Edward, Prince of Wales (afterwards King Edward II)]. M.L. Lindemant “De Voorouders van Jan III, hertog van Brabant, et van Willem III, Graaf van Holland” Eigenschoon en de Brabander 62 (1959) and 63 (1960) (not seen). J.C. Parsons Court and Household of Eleanor of Castile in 1290 (1977): 109–110. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 Pt. 2 (1999): 238 (sub Brabant); 2 (1984): 8 (sub Flanders), 84 (sub England). T. Rymer Fœdera 1 (1816): 550–554 (marriage contract dated 1278).

Child of Margaret of England, by John (or Jean) II, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, etc.:

a. JOHN (or JEAN) III le Triomphant, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, and Limburg, Marquis du Saint-Empire, son and heir, born in 1300. He married MARIE OF ÉVREUX, daughter of Louis, Count of Évreux. They had three sons, Jean [Duke of Limburg], Henry, and Godfrey, and three daughters, Jeanne (or Johanna) (wife of Wilhelm IV, Count of Holand, and Wenceslas, Duke of Luxembourg, Lorraine, Brabant, & Limburg), Marguerite (wife of Louis III, Count of Flanders), and Marie (wife of Renaud, Count of Guelders). He reportedly had 15 illegitimate children. His wife, Mary, died 31 Oct. 1335, and was buried in the church of the Cordeliers in Brussels. JOHN III, Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, etc., died at Brussels 5 Dec. 1335, and was buried in Villers Abbey. Descendants include Jacobe (or Jacque) of Bavaria, wife of Humphrey of Lancaster, K.G., Duke of Gloucester [see LANCASTER 9.v], Mary of Guelders (wife of James II, King of Scotland) [see SOMERSET 9.v.e], and Anne of Cleves, 4th wife of Henry VIII, King of England [see TUDOR 13], and Louis XII, King of France [see TUDOR 12.v]. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 279–283 (sub Evreux); 2 (1726): 785–799 (sub Louvain). T. Rymer Fœdera 2 Pt. 2 (1821): 827, 839, 855, 1001 (instances of John, Duke of Brabant, styled “kinsman” by King Edward III of England). C. Piot Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 445–446, 453–454, 462–464, 478–480, 485–486. C.P.R. 1338–1340 (1898): 395 (John styled “king’s kinsman” by King Edward III of England). A. Verkooren Inventaire des Chartes et Cartulaires du Luxembourg 2 (1915): 332–333 (John III styled “cousin” by Béatrix of Bourbon, Queen of Bohemia). C.J. Rogers The Wars of Edward III (1999): 64–65 ([John III], Duke of Brabant, styled “cousin” by King Edward III). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 Pt. 2 (1999): 238 (sub Brabant); 2 (1984): 13 (sub Evreux).

xi. BÉRENGÈRE OF ENGLAND, born at Kempton, Middlesex 1 May 1276, living 6 June 1277, died before 27 June 1278, said to be buried at Westminster Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 143. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265.

xii. daughter, died soon after birth at Westminster in early Jan. 1278. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265.

xiii. MARY OF ENGLAND, born at Woodstock 11 (or 12) March 1279, veiled as a nun at Amesbury in 1291, died 29 May 1332, buried in the Benedictine convent at Amesbury. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 143. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 2 (1816): 799; 2 Pt. 1 (1818): 16. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Cal. Inqs. Misc. 2 (1916): 189, 194, 444. W. de Gainsborough Reg. of William de Geynesburgh, Bishop of Worcester, 1302–1307 (1929): 79–80 (license dated 1303 for the Rector of the church of Wydeford to attend upon “lady Mary, the king’s daughter”). Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265.

xiv. son, born say 1280/1, died in infancy. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265.

xv. ELIZABETH OF ENGLAND, married HUMPHREY DE BOHUN, Knt., Earl of Hereford and Essex [see BOHUN 8].15

xvi. EDWARD II OF ENGLAND [see next].

Children of Edward I of England, by Margaret of France:

i. THOMAS OF BROTHERTON, Knt., Earl of Norfolk, married ALICE DE HALES [see NORFOLK 6].16

15 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Elizabeth Alsop, William Asfordby, Marmaduke Beckwith, Essex Beville, William Bladen, Elizabeth

Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Charles Calvert, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, James & Norton Claypoole, St. Leger Codd, Elizabeth Coytemore, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Edward Digges, Rowland Ellis, John Fenwick, John Fisher, Edward Foliot, Thomas Gerard, Muriel Gurdon, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Daniel & John Humphrey, Edmund Jennings, Mary Launce, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Henry, Jane & Nicholas Lowe, Percival Lowell, Gabriel, Roger & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Oliver Manwaring, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Anne Mauleverer, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Joshua & Rebecca Owen, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Richard Palgrave, Richard Parker, Herbert Pelham, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, Thomas Rudyard, Katherine Saint Leger, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Hawte Wyatt.

16 Ancestors of Robert Abell, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Elizabeth Bosvile, Charles Calvert, Frances, Jane & Katherine Deighton, Thomas Dudley, John Fenwick, Henry Fleete,

ii. EDMUND OF WOODSTOCK, Earl of Kent, married MARGARET WAKE, suo jure Lady Wake [see KENT 6].17

iii. ELEANOR OF ENGLAND, born 4 May 1306, died 1311, buried at Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 144. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 2 (1816): 998. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

6. EDWARD II OF ENGLAND [of Caernarvon], Knt., Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester, Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil, eldest surviving son and heir, born at Caernarvon, Caernarvonshire, Wales 25 April 1284. In 1289 he was dispensed to marry Margaret (the Maid of Norway), daughter of Eric Magnusson, King of Norway, they being related in the 3rd degree of kindred. She died at Orkney en route to Scotland about 26 Sept. 1290. Edward was created Duke of Aquitaine in France in May 1306. He ascended the throne 8 July 1307, and was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey 25 Feb. 1308. He married at Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais) 25 Jan. 1308 (by dispensation dated 1 July 1298, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degree of kindred) ISABEL (or ISABELLE) OF FRANCE, daughter of Philippe IV le Bel, King of France, and, in right of his wife, King of Navarre, Count of Champagne and Brie (descendant of King Henry II), by Jeanne (descendant of King Henry II), daughter and heiress of Enrique (or Henri) I, King of Navarre, Count Palatine of Champagne and Brie [see FRANCE 7 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1292. They had four children (see below). By an unknown mistress, he also had an illegitimate son, Adam. He had little success in meeting the problems left by his father in Scotland and Gascony. He failed to appease the barons by consultation or the borough communities by curbing the activities of his officials, and angered them by the favors which he bestowed on a foreigner, Peter de Gavaston. In 1310 Edward agreed to a degree of baronial control over government. The barons seized Gavaston and executed him in June 1312. Robert I de Brus, King of Scotland, threatened to overthrow the English overlordship. Edward led an army into Scotland and was decisively defeated by Brus at Bannockburn 24 June 1314, and was unable to defend northern England against Scottish devastation. His wife, Isabel, escaped capture by voyage over a stormy sea, during which passage two of her ladies perished. Edward found new favorites, the two Hughs le Despenser, father and son. They supported him against the coalition of nobles, the Lords Ordainers, which had been constituted in 1310. The territorial ambitions of the Despensers in Wales antagonized the Welsh marcher lords. The marcher lords made an alliance with Edward’s cousin, Thomas of Lancaster, but were defeated by Edward at the Battle of Boroughbridge, Yorkshire 16 March 1321/2. Edward’s reliance on the Despensers aroused the resentment of his queen, Isabel, by inducing him to deprive her of her estates in 1324. While on a diplomatic mission in 1325 to Paris involving the dispute over Edward’s French lands, Queen Isabel formed a close political connection with Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March [see MORTIMER 8], an exiled baronial opponent of Edward. Isabel and Mortimer raised an army in Germany and the Low Countries, and, in 1326, they invaded England, captured and executed the Despensers, and deposed her husband, Edward, 20 Jan. 1326/7, in favor of their son, Edward. All real power, however, was in the hands of the Queen and Mortimer. EDWARD II OF ENGLAND, late King of England, was murdered in Berkeley Castle 21 Sept. 1327, apparently in an attempt to escape the castle, and was buried at St. Peter’s Abbey at Gloucester, now the cathedral. In 1327 Robert de Mohaut and Emme, his wife, conveyed the castles and manors of Mold (or Mohaut) and Hawarden, Cheshire to Queen Isabel, for 10,000 marks subject to a life estate. On the death of Robert de Mohaut in 1329, these estates came into the possession of the Queen. In Oct. 1330 Isabel and Mortimer, who now lived almost openly together, were arrested at Nottingham by orders of her son, Edward, who speedily had Mortimer executed. Isabel subsequently retired to Castle Rising, Norfolk (a Mohaut estate), where she lived a comfortable and somewhat luxurious life. In 1338 she exchanged the Mohaut properties with William de Montagu, Earl of Salisbury, for an annuity of 600 marks from the tin revenue of Cornwall. She devoted herself to pious works, almsgiving, and charity, and finally took the habit of the sisters of Santa Clara. She died at Hertford Castle 22 August 1358, and was buried in the church of the Grey Friars, London.

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 145–156. T. Rymer Fœdera 2 Pt. 1 (1818): 52 (Frederick son of Manfred, King of Sicily, styled “kinsman”), 163, 165, 287 (instances of Amanieu, seigneur of Albret, styled “kinsman”), 193, 214 (instances of Marguerite [de Béarn], Countess of Foix, Vicomtesse of Béarn and Marsan, styled “kinswoman”), 207 (Master Gui de la Val [afterwards Bishop of le Mans] styled “kinsman”; see Papal Regs.: Letters 2 (1895): 200, where Guy is styled “kinsman” of John, Duke of Brittany), 226 (L[ouis], Count of Deureux [Évreux], styled “kinsman”), 274 (Charles de Flisco [Carlo di Fieschi] styled “kinsman”), 366 (Amadei, Count of Savoy, styled “kinsman”), 369 (J[ohn], Duke of Brittany, styled “kinsman”), 369, 507, 531 (instances of Robert, King of Jerusalem and Sicily, styled “kinsman”), 425 (Robert de Fiennes, seneschal of Ponthieu, styled “kinsman”), 506, 519 (instances of Aimery de Craon stlyled “kinsman”), 534, 548, 589–590

Edward Foliot, William Goddard, Muriel Gurdon, Anne Humphrey, Mary Launce, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Richard More, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Herbert Pelham, Henry & William Randolph, George Reade, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, Olive Welby, John West, Thomas Wingfield, Hawte Wyatt.

17 Ancestors of Barbara Aubrey, John Bevan, William Bladen, Elizabeth Bosvile, Stephen Bull, Charles Calvert, St. Leger Codd, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, Henry Fleete, Muriel Gurdon, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Agnes Mackworth, Oliver Manwaring, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Herbert Pelham, Thomas Rudyard, Katherine Saint Leger, Mary Johanna Somerset, Samuel & William Torrey, John & Lawrence Washington, John West, Thomas Wingfield, Hawte Wyatt.

(instances of Jaime, King of Aragón, styled “kinsman”), 549 (Philippo Infanti, “nato Regis Ispaniæ and Domino Johanni, filio Infantis Johannis de Ispania, domino Biscaye, both styled “nephew” [nepoti Regis Angliæ]; Domino Johanni Manuel, filio domino Infantis Manuel de Ispania styled “kinsman”and Dominæ Mariæ, quæ fuit uxor Infantis domini Johannis de Ispania, dominæ de Biscaye, styled “kinswoman”), 572 (Johanni Infanti, domino de Biscay, styled “kinsman”), 587 (Johanni, filio Infantis Manuel styled “kinsman”). Archæologia Cambrensis 3 (1848): 150–155. Coll. Top. et Gen. 5 (1838): 278. Archæologia 35 (1859): 453–469. A. Thierry Recueil des Monuments Inédits de l’Hist. du Tiers État 4 (1870): 126–127 (Queen Isabel and her son, King Edward III, styled “cousins” by King Philippe VI of France). L.-E. de La Gorgue-Rosny Recherches Généalogiques sur les Comtés de Ponthieu, de Boulogne, de Guines et Pays Circonvoisins 4 (1877): 88. C.C.R. 1327–1330 (1896): 267. J.C. Jeafferson Cal. of the Books, Charters, Letters Patent, etc.… in St. Mary’s Hall (1896): 17–22. C.P.R. 1313–1317 (1898): 340 (Charles de Flisco [Carlo di Fieschi] styled “king’s kinsman). English Hist. Rev. 14 (1899): 104–105. C.P.R. 1317–1321 (1903): 14 (Adrian de Flisco [Adrian di Fieschi] styled “king’s kinsman and clerk”). C.P.R. 1324–1327 (1904): 34 (Odard [Oudard], lord of Hyencourt [Somme] styled his “kinsman”), 95 (Robert, King of Jerusalem and Sicily, styled his “kinsman”). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 7 (sub Kings of Scotland). Desc. Cat. of Ancient Deeds 5 (1906): 68. E. Owen Cat. of Mss. Rel. Wales 3 (Cymmrodorion Recs. 4) (1908): 522–524. C.C.R. 1302–1307 (1908): 83 (Sir Henry de Ispania styled “cousin” of Edward the king’s son [future King Edward II]). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 456–466 (biog. of Edward II: “… He was tall, handsome, and of exceptional bodily strength… Lack of earnest purpose blasted his whole character… His only object in life was to gratify the whim of the moment… he was never without some favourite of stronger will than his own for whom he would show a weak and nauseous affection”). D.N.B. 10 (1908): 501–504 (biog. of Isabella of France: “… Her shameless rapacity, no less than her pusillanimous policy, provoked the strongest disgust”). English Hist. Rev. 26 (1911): 331–332. C.P. 3 (1913): 171 (sub Chester). Cal. Chancery Warrants (1927): 292, 379 (instances of William de Chesny, Knt., styled “king’s cousin”), 348, 353 (instances of Master Guy de la Val styled “king’s kinsman”), 388, 511 (instances of [Cardinal] Luca di Fieschi styled “king’s cousin”) [see J.E. Sayers Law and Recs. in Medieval England (1988): Sec. 1: 116–117], 392 ([Philippe], Prince of Tarento, styled “king’s cousin”), 425 (Sir Amaury de Craon, seneschal of Gascony, styled “king’s cousin”), 427 (Sir James de Audley styled “king’s cousin”), 460–461 (Sir Charles, Count of la Marche, styled “king’s brother”), 465 (Simon de Mountagu styled “king’s cousin and clerk”), 534, 535 (John de Bretaigne [Brittany], Earl of Richmond, styled “king’s cousin”). H. Johnstone Letters of Edward Prince of Wales 1304–1305 (1931): 2 (Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, styled “cousin”), 11, 78 (Louis of France, Count of Évreux, styled “cousin”), 14, 29, 143 (Amadeus, Count of Savoy, styled “cousin”), 17 [(Richard de Burgh), Earl of Ulster styled “cousin”], 20 (John of Brittany styled “cousin”), 29, 40, 43, 80 (Peter of Savoy, Dean of St. Martin-le-Grand, also Dean of Salisbury, styled “cousin”), 54 (Luca de Fieschi styled “kinsman”), 75, 92, 105, 123 (Maud, wife of Hugh de Mortimer, of Richard’s Castle styled “cousin”), 92 (John de Fiennes styled “kinsman”), 131 (Jak’ [Jacques] de la Plaunche styled “cousin”), 159–160 (Master James de Ispania styled “mother’s kinsman” [consanguineum matris]). English Hist. Rev. 48 (1933): 264–267. History 21 (1937): 208–218. H. Johnstone Edward of Caernarvon 1284–1307 (1946). C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 134. N. Denholm-Young Life of Edward II (1957). I.J. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14, 43–44, 60, 90–91, 136–137. F.M. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 35. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18–24. G.P. Cuttino Gascon Reg. A 2 (1975): 354–355 (Edward II styled “son” [i.e., son-in-law] by King Philippe IV of France), 642–677. G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 20. Ancient Deeds—Series A (List & Index Soc. 152) (1978): 80 (Deed A.15644: Petition dated 1349 of Sées Abbey addressed to the “lady Isabel Mounthaut [Mohaut], mother of the King of England”). B. Barbiche Les Actes Pontificaux Originaux des Archives Nationales de Paris 2 (Index Actorum Romanorum pontificum ab Innocentio III ad Martinum V electum 2) (1978): 432–433; 3 (Index Actorum Romanorum pontificum ab Innocentio III ad Martinum V electum 3) (1982): 5, 38–39. N.M. Fryde Tyranny & Fall of Edward II (1979). Canadian Jour. of Hist. 15 (1980): 23–49. P. Chaplais Essays in Medieval Diplomacy and Administration (1981): VII 19–29 (seal of King Edward II of England). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 12 (sub France), 84 (sub England), 111 (sub Norway). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 10 (1984): 107–124. Mediæval Studies 46 (1984): 245–265. E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 39. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 76–77 (biog. of Edward II), 77–79 (biog. of Isabella of France). M.A. Hicks Who’s Who in Late Medieval England (1991): 38–42 (biog. of King Edward II: “His reign was a complete failure… He became a tyrant, was deserted by his queen and heir, his deposition proved the only practical solution to arbitary ineptitude as king”), 68–69 (biog. of Isabella of France: she “ruled corruptly and tyrannically between 1326 and 1330… she plundered the royal treasury, made massive grants to herself and Mortimer…”). G.J. Brault Rolls of Arms Edward I (1272–1307) 2 (1997): 153 (arms of Edward of Caernarvon: Gules, three lions passant guardant or, a label azure; he sealed with these arms). J.E. Sayer Original Papal Docs. in England & Wales (1198–1304) (1999): 418. P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 153, 157. R.M. Haines King Edward II (2003).

Children of Edward II of England, by Isabel of France:

i. EDWARD III OF ENGLAND [see next].

ii. JOHN OF ELTHAM, Baron of Trematon, Cornwall, Beckley, Oxfordshire, and Tutbury, Staffordshire, Warden of the City and Tower of London, Guardian of the Realm, Warden of the Northern Marches, Commander against Scotland, born at Eltham, Kent 25 August 1316 and baptized there. He was created Earl of Cornwall in Oct. 1328. He was contracted to marry 28 Sept. 1334 (papal dispensation dated 11 Oct. 1334, they being related in the 3rd & 4th degrees of kindred) María de la Cerda (or de Hispania), daughter of Fernando de la Cerda, señor of Lara, by Juana, daughter of Juan Nunez de Lara. The marriage agreement was subsequently cancelled. JOHN OF ELTHAM, Earl of Cornwall, died unmarried at Perth, Scotland 13 Sept. 1336, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 153, 155. J. Burke Dict. of the Peerages… Extinct, Dormant, and in Abeyance (1831): 427. T. Rymer Fœdera 2 Pt. 2 (1821): 893–894. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). C.P.R. 1330–1334 (1893): 564. Desc. Cat. of Ancient Deeds 2 (1894): 173. C.P.R. 1334–1338 (1895): 23. Papal Regs.: Letters 2 (1895): 413. C.Ch.R. 4 (1898): 306. D.N.B. 10 (1908): 894 (biog. of John of Eltham). R.R.C. Gregory Story of Royal Eltham (1909): 107–110 (biog. of John of Eltham), 321. C.P. 3 (1913): 434–435 (sub Cornwall). I.J. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 9–10, 90–91, 148–149. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3 Pt. 1 (1984): 123 (sub de la Cerda). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Valois (1990): 412–415.

iii. ELEANOR OF WOODSTOCK, born at Woodstock, Oxfordshire 8 June 1318. She married at Nijmegen May 1332 (as his 2nd wife) RENAUD (or REYNOLD) II, Count (later Duke) of Guelders, Count of Zutphen, son of Renaud I, Count of Guelders, by his 2nd wife, Marguerite, daughter of Guy, Count of Flanders. They had two sons, Renaud (III) [Duke of Guelders], and Eduard [Duke of Guelders]. Eleanor, Duchess of Guelders, died at Deventer 22 April 1355. RENAUD II, Duke of Guelders, died at Arnheim 12 Oct. 1343. No living descendants. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 155–156. T. Rymer Fœdera 2 Pt. 2 (1821): 826, 832, 836; 1069, 1105, 1108 (instances of Renaud styled “brother[-in-law]” [frater, frere] by King Edward III of England). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Papal Regs.: Petitions 1 (1896): 48 (Eleanor, countess of Guelders and Zutphen, styled “sister of the king of England”).

List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 12. English Hist. Rev. 45 (1930): 371 (Renaud styled “affinis nostri” by King Edward III of England). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 84 (sub England); 6 (1978): 25 (sub Geldern).

iv. JOAN OF THE TOWER, born in the Tower of London 5 July 1321. She married at Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland 17 July 1328 (as his 1st wife) DAVID II DE BRUS, King of Scotland, son and heir of Robert I de Brus, King of Scotland, Earl of Carrick, lord of Annandale, by his 3rd wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Richard de Burgh, Knt., 2nd Earl of Ulster, lord of Connaught. He was born at Dunfermline 5 March 1323/4. They had no issue. He was crowned king 24 Nov. 1331. His wife, Joan, died at Hertford 14 August (or 7 Sept.) 1362, and was buried in the church of the Grey Friars, London. David II married (2nd) about 20 Feb. 1363/4 Margaret Drummond, widow of John Logie, Knt., and daughter of Malcolm Drummond, Knt. They had no issue. DAVID II DE BRUS, King of Scotland, died 22 Feb. 1370/1, and was buried at Holyrood Abbey. His widow, Margaret, was living 31 Jan. 1374/5. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 155. T. Rymer Fœdera 2 Pt. 2 (1821): 769, 774 (instances of David II, King of Scotland, styled “brother[-in-law]” [fratri] by King Edward III of England); 6 (1727): 73–75 (instances of Joan styled “sister” [soror] by King Edward III of England), 117–119 (Thomas, Earl of Mar, styled “cousin” by David II, King of Scotland). Coll. Top. et Gen. 5 (1838): 279 (Inscriptions in the Church of the Grey Friars, London: “ … Et ad capd nobil dne Isabelle regine jacet dna Joh[ann]a de la towr, Regina Scocie, filia Edwardi scdi et Isabella pdict et ux dni Robti [sic] de la Bruys, Regis Scocie.”). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Papal Regs.: Petitions 1 (1896): 104, 384, 386 (instances of John de Croindale/Croindole/Cromdole styled “kinsman” of David II, King of Scotland), 286 (Christian de Keth, wife of Robert de Erskine, Knt., styled “kinswoman” of David II, King of Scotland). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 8–9 (sub Kings of Scotland). D.N.B. 3 (1908): 89–94 (biog. of David Bruce). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 84 (sub England), 92 (sub Scotland). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 59.

Illegitimate child of Edward II of England, by an unknown mistress:

i. ADAM FITZ ROY, he accompanied his father on the abortive Scottish expedition of 1322. Bull. Institute Hist. Research 37 (1964): 76–77.

7. EDWARD III OF ENGLAND, Earl of Chester, Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil, Duke of Aquitaine, Lord of the Isle of Wight, born at Windsor Castle, Berkshire 13 Nov. 1312. He was proclaimed King as Edward III 25 Jan. 1326/7, and was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey 29 Jan. 1326/7. He married at York 24 Jan. 1327/8 (by papal dispensation dated 30 August 1327, they being related in the 3rd degree of kindred) PHILIPPE OF HAINAULT, 3rd daughter of Guillaume III le Bon, Count of Hainault, Holland, and Zeeland, lord of Friesland, by Jeanne, daughter of Charles of France, Count of Valois, Alençon, Anjou, Chartres, Maine, and Perche (in France), Count of Barcelona, King of Aragón, Valencia, King of Constantinople, Regent of France (descendant of King Henry II) [see SICILY 8 for her ancestry]. She was probably born about 1313–5. They had twelve children (see below). During the first four years of his reign, England was governed in his name by his mother and Roger de Mortimer. Edward assumed personal rule 19–20 Oct. 1330, and had Mortimer executed. In 1333 he reversed Isabel’s and Mortimer’s policy of peace with Scotland by invading it, reviving the ambitions of his grandfather, King Edward I. Edward III’s main foreign preoccupation, however, from 1337 onwards was France, whose king, Philippe VI, then declared his Duchy of Gascony forfeited. Edward formally assumed the title of King of France in right of his mother in Jan. 1340. In June 1340 the English fleet defeated the French navy in the Battle of Sluys, off the coast of Flanders. This victory gave the English control of the English Channel for the next generation. Near continuous war ensued with some respite from truces. The army, commanded by King Edward III and his son, Edward, defeated a larger French force at the Battle of Crécy in August 1346, the victory owing to superior tactics and to the invention of the longbow, which decimated the mounted French knights. The financial burden of the war roused resentment, which was assuaged somewhat when Edward negotiated the main war taxes with the representatives of the shires and the borough communities sitting in parliament. He aroused enthusiasm for the war by engaging the chivalrous interests of the nobles in it and stirring up distrust and hatred of the French. His wife, Philippe, was co-heiress in 1345 to her brother, Guillaume IV, Count of Hainault and Holland. Bubonic plague [or the Black Death] made its first appearance in England during his reign in 1348. In 1348 he was Founder Sovereign of the Order of the Garter, a secular order of knighthood. His son, Edward, won a great victory at Poitiers in Sept. 1356, capturing the French king, Jean II. In 1360 King Edward concluded the Treaty of Bretigny, giving up his claim to the throne of France, receiving in turn the province of Aquitaine, together with Calais, Guisnes, and Ponthieu in full sovereignty. Edward’s wife, Philippe, died at Windsor Castle 15 August 1369. Shortly before his wife’s death, he acquired a rapacious mistress, Alice de Perrers, by whom he allegedly had a son, John de Surrey (or Southerey), Knt. In the war of 1369–75, Charles V, King of France, won back from Edward what had been conceded in 1360.

Drawn by Edwd. Blore. Engraved by Henry Le Keux.

Effigy of King Edward the Third,

in Westminster Abbey.

Drawn by E. Blore. Engraved by H. Le Keux.

Effigy of Queen Philippe of Hainault,

in Westminster Abbey.

By 1375, when a truce was made at Bruges, English possessions in France had been reduced to Calais, a coastal strip of territory from Bordeaux to Boulogne, and parts of the Brittany coast. EDWARD III OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Sheen Palace (now Richmond), Surrey 21 June 1377. He and his wife, Philippe, were buried at Westminster Abbey.

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 157–180. T. Rymer Fœdera 6 (1727): 72, 84–85, 142 (instances of Philippe of Navarre, Count of Longueville, styled “kinsman”), 83–84, 89 (Wenceslas, Duke of Luxembourg, Lorraine, Brabant, & Limburg, and his wife, Jeanne [of Brabant], both styled “cousin”), 101–102 (Jacques de Bourbon styled “kinsman”), 200, 298, 299, 342 ([Philippe], Duke of Burgundy styled “cousin” 1360), 215, 309, 311–312 (instances of Duke of Orléans styled “kinsman” 1360), 294–295 ([Margaret of Brabant], Countess of Flanders, Nevers, & Rechlin styled “cousin”), 309, 453–454 (instances of Louis, Duke of Anjou, styled “kinsman”), 324, 326 (instances of Louis, Duke of Anjou, styled “nephew”), 312–313 (Magnus II, King of Norway, styled “kinsman”), 317 (Joan, sister of Duke of Brittany, styled “kinswoman” 1361), 323 (John, Duke of Berry & Auvergne styled “kinsman”), 333 (Joan, Queen of Navarre, styled “kinswoman”), 338, 391–392 (Charles de Blois styled “kinsman”), 349–350, 495–496, 659–661, 690–691, 716 (Louis III, Count of Flanders, styled “cousin”), 432 (Valdemar IV, King of Denmark, styled “kinsman”), 450 (Edward III styled “kinsman” by Pedro, King of Castile and León), 500–501, 724–725 (Albert, Duke of Bavaria, styled “kinsman” [“affinis”]/”cousyn”), 504 William, Duke of Jülich, styled “kinsman”), 568 (Guy de Blois, seigneur of Beaumont in Hainault, styled “cousin”), 581, 615–616 (Louis, Duke of Bourbon, Count of Clermont, styled “kinsman”), 607–608 (Pedro IV, King of Aragón, styled “kinsman”), 672 ([Charles II], King of Navarre styled “kinsman”), 689, 724, 734 (Robert II, King of Scotland, styled “Robert, nostre chere Cousyn d’Escoce”), 720 (Charles of Artois, Count of Pesenatz, styled “cousin”), 724–725 (Duke Guillaume, Count of Hainault, Holand & Zeeland, styled “cousin”); 7 (1728): 2–3, 9–10, 12–13, 26, 38, 40, 45–46, 68, 109, 113 (instances of Robert II, King of Scotland, styled “kinsman”), 34–35 (Count of Foix styled “cousin”), 39, 63 (instances of [Charles II], King of Navarre styled “kinsman”), 45 (Alexander Steward, Knt., of Scotland styled “kinsman”). J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 59–65. T. Rymer Fœdera 2 Pt. 2 (1821): 694, 861 (instances of John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, styled “kinsman”), 703 (Charles IV, King of France, styled “uncle”), 745 (John of Hainault styled “kinsman”), 770 (Leonor, Queen of Aragón, styled “kinswoman”), 820 ([Philippe III], King of Navarre styled “kinsman”), 836 ([Jeanne of France], Queen of Navarre styled “kinswoman” 1332), 860, 862, 884, 893 (instances of Louis, Count of Flanders, styled “kinsman”), 946 (Robert, King of Sicily and Jerusalem, styled “kinsman”), 980 ([Amédée III], Count of Genève, styled “kinsman” 1337), 981 (Louis of Savoy styled “kinsman”), 993, 1229 (instances of Pedro, King of Aragón, styled “kinsman”), 1020 (Imbert [Humbert], Dauphin of Vienne, styled “kinsman”), 991 (Ludwig, Holy Roman Emperor, styled “brother[-in-law]” [fratri]). N.H. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 10–12. E. Blore Monumental Remains of Noble & Eminent Persons (1826). G.F. Beltz Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (1841): cxlix. G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Flandre 1 (1873): 2 (seal of Queen Philippe of Hainault). Papal Regs.: Letters 2 (1895): 260. Papal Regs.: Petitions 1 (1896): 388, 397 (instances of Hugh la Zouche, 3rd Lord Zouche, styled “king’s kinsman”). C.P.R. 1340–1343 (1900): 293 ([Jaime III], King of Majorca styled “king’s kinsman”). C.P.R. 1345–1348 (1903): 26, 70–71. D.N.B. 6 (1908): 466–488 (biog. of Edward III: “… His manners were courtly and his voice winning. He was strong and active, and loved hunting. hawking,… and war itself… He was fearless in battle… He was liberal in his gifts, magnificent in his doings, profuse in his expenditure… as a king he had no settled principles of constitutional policy… his commercial policy was enlightened… his achievements by sea and land made the English name respected”). B.C. Hardy Philippa of Hainault and her Times (1910). C.P.R. 1358–1361 (1911): 17, 27, 33 (instances of Philip de Navarre styled “king’s kinsman”), 329 (Godfrey de Harecourt, vicomte and lord of St. Sauveur-le-Vicomte in Normandy, deceased, styled “king’s kinsman”). C.P. 3 (1913): 171–172 (sub Chester); 7 (1929): 704 (Appendix B). List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 291. M. McKisack The 14 Cent. th (1959). W. Harvey et al. Vis. of the North 3 (Surtees Soc. 144) (1930): 2–5 (“Edwardas tertius rex Anglie et francie = Philippa filia Comitis Henauldie”). F.M. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 35–36. F.G. Kay Lady of the Sun: The Life and Times of Alice Perrers (1966). G. Holmes The Good Parliament (1975). G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 20–26. R. Barber Edward, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine (1978). M. Prestwich The Three Edwards: War and State in England 1272–1377 (1980). TG 1 (1980): 138–139. P. Chaplais Essays in Medieval Diplomacy and Administration (1981): VII 19–29 (seals of King Edward III of England). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 4 (sub Hainault and Holland), 84 (sub England). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 39–40. P.N.R. Zutshi Original Papal Letters in England 1305–1415 (Index Actorum Romanorum pontificum ab Innocentio III ad Martinum V electum 5) (1990): 73. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 79–81 (biog. of Edward III: “… a tall, dignified man of regal bearing… though sometimes given to violent outbursts of temper, a Plantagenet characteristic, his charm, generosity, and affinity with the baronial classes helped him to retain his popularity for most of his reign”); 81–82 (biog. of Philippa of Hainault:…”She had a kindly nature… [her] great amiability gained her a popularity not enjoyed by any of her predecessors… Queen’s College, Oxford was founded in Philippa’s honour by her chaplain Robert d’Eglesfield“). M.A. Hicks Who’s Who in Late Medieval England (1991): 71–75 (biog. of Edward III: “… a warrior of great courage and prowess… He loved jousting… He pledged himself and his knights in the Vow of the Heron to perform great deeds in war… His foundation of the Order of the Garter in 1348 created a brotherhood of arms of distinguished knights devoted to such ideals… He made himself into a chivalric hero of international renown… his dignified bearing and military distinction demanded respect”), 75–77 (biog. of Philippa of Hainault: “… was unusually well educated, writing French and speaking Dutch fluently. Her piety is revealed by her patronage of St. Katherine by the Tower, St. Stephen’s College Westminster, and Queen’s College Oxford… She apparently shared Edward III’s chivalric interests, presiding over many tournaments… [she] appears to have managed her affairs competently and with due regard for the law. Her best documented quality was compassion”). B.S. Viault English Hist. (1992): 78–79. A. Gransden Legends, Traditions and Hist. in Medieval England (1992): 267–278 (re: King Edward III’s alleged rape of Katherine, Countess of Salisbury). J.S. Bothwell The Age of Edward III (2001). B.M. Kemp “De dochters van graaf Willem III, wie volgt op wie?” Nederlandsche Leeuw 118 (2001): 511–515 (corrects birthdate of Queen Philippe of Hainault).

Children of Edward III of England, by Philippe of Hainault:

i. EDWARD OF WOODSTOCK [nicknamed the Black Prince], Knt., K.G. [see next].

ii. ISABEL OF WOODSTOCK, born at Woodstock, Oxfordshire 16 June 1332. On or before 1 May 1351 she was contracted to marry Bernard d’Albret, younger son of Bernard Ezii d’Albret, Knt., sire of Albret, seigneur of Nérac, Villefranche, etc., vicomte of Tartas, Lieutenant of Aquitaine, by Mathe, daughter of Bernard VI, Count of Armagnac. On 15 Nov. 1351, five ships were ordered to take Isabel to Gascony for her marriage. At the last minute, Isabel changed her mind and the marriage never took place. In 1355 her father granted her custody of the alien priory of Burtsall, Yorkshire, and, in 1358 her father settled an income on her of 1,000 marks a year. She married

at Windsor Castle, Berkshire 27 July 1365 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND (or ENGERAN) DE COUCY, K.G., Count of Soissons, Earl of Bedford, seigneur of Coucy, Oisy [Pas de Calais], and Montmirial [Marne], France, de jure Lord Gynes (in England), Marshal and Grand Butler of France, Governor of Brittany, son and heir of Enguerrand de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy (descendant of King Henry III), by Katherine of Hapsburg, 1st daughter and co-heiress of Leopold, Duke of Austria. They had two daughters, Marie (wife of Henri of Bar, seigneur of Oisy) and Philippe (wife of Robert de Vere, K.G., 9th Earl of Oxford, Marquess of Dublin, Duke of Ireland). He came to England in 1360 as one of the hostages of King John of France, and was released at marriage from his pledges. He was created Earl of Bedford 11 May 1366. In 1368 he went to Italy and served in the wars of Urban V and Gregory XI against the Visconti. In 1375 he campaigned against Leopold II of Austria in Aargau and Alsace. In 1377 he renounced his homage to the King of England, and his English lands were forfeited. His wife, Isabel, remained in England and was maintained by her nephew, King Richard II. She died 5 Oct. 1382, and was buried in the choir of the Greyfriars, Newgate. Enguerrand married (2nd) Isabel of Lorraine, daughter of Jean I, Duke of Lorraine, by his 1st wife, Sophie, daughter of Eberhard III, Count of Wurtemburg. They had one daughter, Isabel (wife of Philippe of Burgundy, Count of Nevers and Rethel). By an unknown mistress, he also had an illegitimate son, Perceval [seigneur of Aubermont]. He was taken prisoner at Nicopolis by the Turks 28 Sept. 1396. ENGUERRAND, Count of Soissons, died testate at Bursa in Anatolia of the plague 18 Feb. 1396/7, and was buried at Villeneuve Abbey near Soissons. [Note: Isabel of England’s elder daughter, Marie de Bar left descendants, among them Henry IV, King of France (died 1610)]. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 178. T. Rymer Fœdera 7 (1728): 172–173, 214–215, 391 (Enguerrand styled “kinsman” by King Charles VI of France), 636 (daughter Philippe de Coucy, wife of Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland, styled “kinswoman” by King Richard II of England). Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 8 (1733): 542–545 (sub Coucy). G.F. Beltz Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (1841): cli, cliv. T.C. Banks Baronies in Fee 1 (1844): 221–223 (sub Ghisnes) [“Ralph Brooke and Milles mention he [Enguerrand] had a natural daughter Maud, who married _____ Lord Strange, and had a daughter, Ankaret, the wife of Sir Henry Husee, knight.—Vincent on Brooke’s notes, viz., Prebetur quasi”; the Ankaret Husee intended is presumably the 2nd wife of Sir Henry Husee (died 1383), of Harting, Sussex, and later wife of Andrew Hake, for whom see C.P. 7 (1929): 10–11 (sub Husee); J.S. Roskell House of Commons 1386–1421 3 (1992): 462–463 (biog. Sir Henry Hussey); C.P.R. 1381–1385 (1897): 555. Ankaret Husee may well be a Strange, but the chronology would not permit her to be a granddaughter of Enguerrand de Coucy]. A.W.C.L. Crawford, Lord Lindsay Lives of the Lindsays 1 (1849): 31–32, 413–414. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Flandre 1 (1873): 48 (seal of Enguerrand de Coucy). C.P.R. 1381–1385 (1897): 149, 180 (instances of Isabel styled “king’s aunt”). C.P.R. 1350–1354 (1907): 114. D.N.B. 10 (1908): 504–505 (biog. of Isabella: “… She seems to have been extravagant, like the rest of the court, and incurred heavy debts”). C.P. 2 (1912): 69–70 (sub Bedford) (Enguerrand styled “kinsman” by King Charles VI of France); 6 (1926): 227–230 (sub Gynes) (corrects death date of 1st wife Isabel); 10 (1945): 227–232 (sub Oxford). C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 178–179. Urbain V (1362–1370): Lettres Communes 1 (1954): 35. Cal. Inqs. Misc. 6 (1963): 85–86. H.-A. Desgranges Nobiliaire du Berry 1 (1965): 62–63. B.W. Tuchman A Distant Mirror (1979): 572 (he was “esteemed the seigneur of most merit of his time”). Cal. of Ancient Deeds—Series AS & WS (List & Index Soc. 158) (1979): 131 (W.S. 301. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln n.s. 1 Pt. 2 (1999): 228 (sub Bar); 2 (1984): 27 (sub Burgundy), 84 (sub England); 7 (1979): 82 (sub Coucy). TG 17 (2003): 252–253.

iii. JOAN OF THE TOWER, born in the Tower of London about Feb. 1335. She was contracted to marry about 17 March 1346 PEDRO I OF CASTILE-LEÓN, 2nd but eldest surviving son and heir of Alfonso XI, King of Castile, León, etc. [see CASTILE 10]. She died of the plague at Bordeaux, France 2 Sept. 1348 en route to be married, and was buried at Bayonne Cathedral. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 179 (“JOANE, Entituled Queen of Spain, second daughter of King Edward III, was born in the Tower of London, An. 1335”). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). C.C.R. 1341–1343 (1902): 554. C.P.R. 1345–1348 (1903): 430 (“… his [i.e., the king’s] daughter, Joan de la Tour”). C.C.R. 1346–1349 (1905): 55–56, 426, 570, 590. C.P.R. 1348–1350 (1905): 24, 26 (Date: 20 Feb. 1348. Protection for one year, for Master Andrew de Offard, king’s clerk, going to Spain in the company of the king’s daughter, Joan de la Tour.”), 40, 343. List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 13. Cal. of Ancient Deeds—Series AS & WS (List & Index Soc. 158) (1979): 149 (W.S. 462).

iv. WILLIAM OF HATFIELD, born at Hatfield, Hertfordshire before 16 Feb. 1337, died before 8 July 1337. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 177. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

v. LIONEL OF ANTWERP, K.G., of Brimpsfield, Gloucestershire, Chief Governor of Ireland, and, in right of his wife, 4th Earl of Ulster, 3rd but 2nd surviving son, born at Antwerp in Brabant 29 Nov. 1338. He married (1st) at the Tower of London 15 August 1342 ELIZABETH DE BURGH, daughter and heiress of William de Burgh, Knt., 3rd Earl of Ulster (descendant of King Edward I), by Maud, daughter of Henry of Lancaster, Knt., Earl of Lancaster (grandson of King Henry III) [see BURGH 8 for her ancestry]. She was born at Carrickfergus Castle, Ireland 6 July 1332. They had one daughter, Philippe. By this marriage, he acquired the vast estates in Ireland of the Burgh family, as well as a large part (including the honour of Clare) of the estates of the Earls of Gloucester and Hertford, in right of his wife’s paternal grandmother. In 1355 he went with his father on an expedition to the north of France. He was created Duke of Clarence 13 Nov. 1362. His wife, Elizabeth, died at Dublin, Ireland 10 Dec. 1363. He married (2nd) before the door of Milan Cathedral, Italy 28 May (or 5 June) 1368 VIOLANTE VISCONTI, daughter of Galeazzo Visconti, signore of Pavia, Como, Novara, etc., by Bianca, daughter of Aimo, Count of Savoy. They had no issue. LIONEL OF ANTWERP, Duke of Clarence, died testate at Alba (Longuevil) in Piedmont in Italy 17 Oct. 1368. He was buried first at Pavia, but his body was removed to England and buried at convent of the Austin Friars at Clare, Suffolk beside his 1st wife. His widow, Violante, married (2nd) 2 August 1377 Othon II Palæologus, Marquis of Montferrat, signore of Ivrea (murdered 16 Dec. 1378), and (3rd) 18 July 1381 Ludovico Visconti, Governor of Lodi, Governor and signore of Parma (died 3 July 1404). She died at Pavia in Nov. 1386. [Note: For contemporary examples of Lionel being styled “Lionel of Antwerp,” see J. Hunter South Yorkshire 1 (1828): 110–111; C.P.R. 1348–1350 (1905): 130 (“… the king and his son, Lionel de Andewerp [sic]”); C.P.R. 1370–1374 (1914): 130]. J. Weever Ancient Funerall Monuments (1631): 740–742. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 219–221. T. Rymer Fœdera 6 (1727): 509–510, 547–548, 564–566. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 88–91. T. Blore Hist. & Antiq. of Rutland 1 Pt. 2 (1811): 37 (Kent/Holand pedigree). N.H. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 70–71. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6 Pt. 3 (1830): 1600–1602. G.F. Beltz Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (1841): cli. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). J.B. Burke Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages (1883): 434 (sub Plantagenet). Papal Regs.: Letters 3 (1897): 626, 630; 4 (1902): 1, 27, 28, 38, 49, 84. Genealogist n.s. 15 (1898): 30–31. Papal Regs.: Letters 3 (1897): 626, 630; 4 (1902): 1, 27–28, 38, 49, 84. D.N.B. 11 (1909): 1214–1217 (biog. of Lionel of Antwerp: “… a man of strength and beauty of person, and exceedingly tall in

stature”). C.P. 3 (1913): 245 (sub Clare), 257–258 (sub Clarence); 8 (1932): 445–448 (sub March); 12 Pt. 2 (1959): 180 (sub Ulster); 14 (1998): 184 (sub Clarence). C.Ch.R. 5 (1920): 140. List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 25. W. Harvey et al. Vis. of the North 3 (Surtees Soc. 144) (1930): 2–5 (“Leonellus dux Clarencie = Elizabeth filia et heres comitis Vlstrie in Hibernia”). Reg. of Edward the Black Prince 4 (1933): 68 (“Sir Lionel, the prince’s brother”). Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 80–84 (arms of Lionel: Quarterly France ancient and England, a label of three points argent, each charged with a canton gules). L.T. Smith Itinerary of John Leland 4 (1964): 150–163. Urbain V (1362–1370): Lettres Communes 2 (1964): 238. G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 20–21. TG 2 (1981): 124. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 84 (sub England), 185 (sub Montferrat). D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 79. Online resources: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/byzant/byzant12.html#O2; http://genealogy.euweb.cz/italy/visconti2.html.

Child of Lionel of Antwerp, by Elizabeth de Burgh:

a. PHILIPPE OF CLARENCE, Countess of Ulster, married EDMUND DE MORTIMER, Knt., 3rd Earl of March [see MORTIMER 11].18

vi. JOHN OF GAUNT, K.G., Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, married (1st) BLANCHE OF LANCASTER [see LANCASTER 8],19 married (2nd) CONSTANCE OF CASTILE-LEÓN, married (3rd) KATHERINE DE ROET (or RUET) [see BEAUFORT 8].20

vii. EDMUND OF LANGLEY, K.G., 1st Duke of York, married ISABEL OF CASTILE-LEÓN [see YORK 8].21

viii. BLANCHE OF THE TOWER, born and died in the Tower of London March 1342. She was buried at Westminster Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 179. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

ix. MARY OF WALTHAM, born at Bishop’s-Waltham (near Winchester), Hampshire 10 Oct. 1344. She married at Woodstock, Oxfordshire about 3 July 1361 (as his 1st wife) JEAN (or JOHN) DE MONTFORT, K.G., Duke of Brittany, Count of Montfort-l’Amaury, Vicomte of Limoges, Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Jean de Montfort, Duke of Brittany, Count of Montfort-l’Amaury, lord of Richmond, by Joan, daughter of Louis of Flanders, Count of Nevers. He was between 30 Sept. and 8 Dec. 1340. They had no issue. His wife, Mary, died shortly before 13 Sept. 1361, and was buried at Abingdon Abbey, Oxfordshire. He defeated Charles of Blois at the Battle of Auray in 1364, and was recognized Duke of Brittany by the Treaty of Guérande in 1365. He married (2nd) in 1366 Joan (or Jeanne) de Holand, 1st daughter of Thomas de Holand, Earl of Kent, by Joan, daughter of Edmund, Earl of Kent [see KENT 7.iv]. They had no issue. He was present at the Coronation of King Richard II of England in 1377. In 1377 he sailed with the English to attack the Spaniards at Sluys. In 1378 his duchy was formally confiscated by the French, but in 1379 the Bretons recalled him. In 1378 he and his wife, Joan, obtained a papal indult to choose their confessors. In 1381 he was reconciled to the King of France. His wife, Joan, died testate at Nantes shortly before 27 Nov. 1384 (date of memorial service at St. Paul’s, London) and was buried there in Nôtre Dame de Prières Abbey (Billiers, Morbihan). He married (3rd) in the chapel of Saillé (Guérande, Loire-Atl.) 11 Sept. 1386 Joan (or Jeanne) of Navarre, daughter of Charles II, King of Navarre, by Jeanne, daughter of Jean II, King of France. They had eight children. SIR JEAN DE MONTFORT, Duke of Brittany, etc., died at Nantes, France 1 Nov. (or in the night of 1–2 Nov.) 1399, and was buried in Saint-Pierre Cathedral in Nantes. His widow, Joan, married (2nd) HENRY IV, King of England [see LANCASTER 9]. She died at Havering-atte-Bower, Essex 2, 9 or 10 July 1437, and was buried at Canterbury Cathedral. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 179. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 284–285 (sub Navarre), 445–461 (sub Bretagne). T. Rymer Fœdera 6 (1727): 95, 271–272, 315, 316 (instances of Jean/John, Duke of Brittany, styled “kinsman” by King Edward III of England), 346, 373–377, 612, 699, 701 (instances of Jean/John, Duke of Brittany, styled “son[-in-law] by King Edward III of England), 381; 7 (1728): 113–115 (2nd wife Joan de Holand styled “cousin” by King Edward III of England). H. Morice Memoires pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. Ecclesiastique et Civile de Bretagne 2 (1744) col. 310. G.F. Beltz Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (1841): clii, 195–205. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). E.M. Thompson Chronicon Angliæ (Rolls Ser. 64) (1874): 19 (sub 1344: “Edwardo regis nata est filia. nomine Maria, quæ fuit postea copulata duci Britanniæ, sed præmature de medio est sublata.”). Genealogist n.s. 12 (1895): 116, 119–121. Papal Regs.: Petitions 1 (1896): 546. C.P.R. 1348–1350 (1905): 130 (“… the king and his daughter, Mary de Waltham”). C.P. 10 (1945): 822–824 (sub Richmond). M.C.E. Jones Ducal Brittany 1364–1399 (1970). Jean IV, Duke of Brittany Recueil des Actes de Jean IV, Duc de Bretagne 1 (1980): 75 (Henry, Duke of Lancaster, and [Jeanne], lady of Belleville and Clisson, wife of Gautier de Bentley, both styled “cousin”), 75, 132–134, 307–308, 325–326 (instances of [Olivier], Sire of Clisson, Constable of France, styled “cousin”), 92–94, 287–288, 307–308 (instances of [Louis III], Count of Flanders styled “cousin”), 290–291 (Jean, Vicomte of Rohan, styled “cousin”), 305–306 (Jean, Duke of Brittany, styled “cousin” by Louis, Duke of Anjou and Touraine), 313 (Charles de Dinan, seigneur of Montafilant, styled “cousin”), 315, 320–322, 338–339

18 Ancestors of William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, St. Leger Codd, Humphrey Davie, Edward Digges, William Farrar,

Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Agnes Mackworth, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Robert Peyton, George Reade, William Rodney, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, William Skepper, Mary Johanna Somerset, Samuel & William Torrey, Thomas Wingfield.

19 Ancestors of Rowland Ellis, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Samuel & William Torrey. 20 Ancestors of Barbara Aubrey, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Elizabeth Bosvile, George, Giles & Robert Brent,

Stephen Bull, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, St. Leger Codd, Elizabeth Coytemore, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, John Fenwick, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Muriel Gurdon, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Mary Launce, Thomas Ligon, Anne Mauleverer, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, John Oxenbridge, Herbert Pelham, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, George Reade, Thomas Rudyard, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Mary Johanna Somerset, Samuel & William Torrey, John West, Thomas Wingfield, Hawte Wyatt.

21 Ancestors of Barbara Aubrey, John Bevan, St. Leger Codd, Edward Digges, John Fisher, Warham Horsmanden, John Oxenbridge, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Thomas Owsley, Katherine Saint Leger, Mary Johanna Somerset.

(instances of Jeanne, lady of Rays, daughter of Gerard, sire of Rays, styled “cousin”). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 18 (sub Bretagne), 84 (sub England). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 384–394.

x. MARGARET OF WINDSOR, born at Windsor Castle, Berkshire 20 July 1346. She married at Reading, Berkshire 19 May 1359 (as his 1st wife) JOHN DE HASTINGS, K.G., Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Wexford and Abergavenny, Lieutenant of Aquitaine, son and heir of Laurence de Hastings, Knt., Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Wexford and Abergavenny, by Agnes, daughter of Roger de Mortimer, Knt., 1st Earl of March. They had no issue. Margaret died soon after 1 Oct. 1361, and was buried at Abingdon Abbey. John married (2nd) by dispensation dated 1 July 1368 (she and his former wife being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) ANNE DE MAUNY, daughter and heiress of Walter de Mauny, K.G., Lord Mauny, by Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk (son of King Edward I) [see NORFOLK 7 for her ancestry]. They had one son, John [Earl of Pembroke]. In 1369 he accompanied Edmund of Langley, Earl of Cambridge, into France. They landed at Saint Malo and proceeded to the capture of Bourdeille, and then to that of Roche-sur-Yon. He joined Edward the Black Prince at Cognac, and proceeded with him to the siege and capture of Limoges. In 1371 he was a trier of petitions in Parliament. In 1372 he attempted to relieve the siege of La Rochelle, but was defeated by the Spanish in a naval battle lasting two days. He was captured 23 June 1372, taken to Spain, and kept in prison for nearly 3 years. Following his ransom, SIR JOHN DE HASTINGS, Earl of Pembroke, died testate en route to Calais in Picardy 16 April 1375. His widow, Anne, died 3 April 1384. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 179–180, 208–209. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 92–97. J. Hunter South Yorkshire 1 (1828): 296 (Segrave pedigree). G.F. Beltz Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (1841): clii. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Flandre 1 (1873): 44 (seals of John Hastings & 2nd wife Anne). Papal Regs.: Letters 4 (1902): 67. C.P.R. 1350–1354 (1907): 294 (“the king’s daughter Margaret de Wyndesore”). D.N.B. 9 (1908): 131–132 (biog. of John Hastings). C.P.R. 1361–1364 (1912): 350 (John styled “kinsman” by King Edward III of England). C.P.R. 1374–1377 (1916): 195, 242 (wife Anne styled “king’s kinswoman”). C.P. 8 (1932): 576 (sub Mauny); 10 (1945): 391–394 (sub Pembroke). J.T. Rosenthal Nobles and the Noble Life 1295–1500 (1976): 174. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 84 (sub England).

xi. WILLIAM OF WINDSOR, born at Windsor Castle, Berkshire before 24 June 1348, buried at Westminster Abbey 5 Sept. 1348. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 178. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872).

xii. THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, Knt., K.G., Duke of Gloucester, married ELEANOR DE BOHUN [see BOURCHIER 8].22

Presumed illegitimate child of Edward III of England, by his mistress, Alice de Perrers. She subsequently married after 10 Dec. 1374 (but before April 1376) William de Wyndsore (or Windsor), Knt., Lord Wyndesore (died at Heversham 15 Sept. 1384). She died testate at Upminster, Essex shortly before 14 Nov. 1400. English Hist. Rev. 47 (1932): 272–276. C.P. 12 Pt. 2 (1959): 877–880 (sub Wyndesore). M.A. Hicks Who’s Who in Late Medieval England (1991): 129–130 (biog. of Alice Perrers).

i. JOHN DE SURREY (or SOUTHEREY), Knt., born about 1364–5. In 1374 the king granted him £100 annually for his maintenance. In 1375 a number of properties were made over to him. In April 1377 he was knighted with the future King Richard II. In 1382 he joined an English force in Portugal under Edmund of Langley, Duke of York. In or before 1383 he sued Ralph Besyng, Esq., for a debt of 10 marks 6s. 8d. His subsequent history is unknown. C.C.R. 1381–1385 (1920): 299. English Hist. Rev. 66 (1951): 242–246. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 138–142 (cites Froissart, a contemporary historian, who calls him a “bastard brother [recte uncle] of the king of England.”

8. EDWARD OF WOODSTOCK [nicknamed the Black Prince], Knt., K.G., Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Prince of Aquitaine, Baron of Wallingford, Berkshire and Trematon, Cornwall, 1st son and heir apparent, born at Woodstock, Oxfordshire 15 June 1330. He was knighted by his father the King at la Hogue 12 July 1346, winning his spurs at the Battle of Crécy 26 August 1346. He was present at the siege of Calais, and, after the town’s surrender, he harried and burned the country for thirty miles round. He was a Founder Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1348. He gained victory at the Battle of Poitiers 19 Sept. 1356, taking prisoner Jean, King of France. He took the principal part in negotiating the treaty of Bretigny in 1360. He married in Spring 1361 in a clandestine ceremony and 6 Oct. 1361 in a public ceremony at Windsor Castle, Berkshire (by papal dispensation dated 7 Sept. 1361, with 2nd dispensation dated 8 Dec. 1362, being related in the 3rd and 2nd degrees of kindred, and the 4th [& 3rd] degrees of kindred) JOAN OF KENT [nicknamed the Fair Maid of Kent], widow of Thomas de Holand, Knt., K.G., 1st Earl of Kent (died 26 or 28 Dec. 1360) [see KENT 7 for issue of this marriage], and daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent (son of King Edward I), by Margaret, daughter of John Wake, 1st Lord Wake [see KENT 6 for her ancestry]. She was born 29 Sept. 1328. They had two sons (see below). In 1367 he went to the aid of Pedro, King of Castile, and defeated Pedro’s brother, Enrique, Count of Trastamara, at the Battle of Nájera. He was summoned to Parliament 24 Feb. 1367/8, 8 Jan. 1369/70, and 6 Oct. 1372, under the style “Prince of Aquitaine and Wales,” and on 28 Dec. 1375, as “Prince of Wales“ only, he having resigned the principality of Aquitaine and Gascony 5 Oct. 1372. EDWARD, Prince of Wales, died testate at Westminster 8 June 1376. He was buried with great state at Canterbury Cathedral. Above his tomb still hang his surcoat, helmet, shield, and gauntlets.

22 Ancestors of Essex Beville, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, George, Giles & Robert Brent, St. Leger Codd, Edward Digges,

Muriel Gurdon, Warham Horsmanden, Mary Launce, Oliver Manwaring, Anne Mauleverer, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Katherine St. Leger, Mary Johanna Somerset.

Drawn by Edwd. Blore. Engraved by Edwd. Blore.

Effigy of Edward the Black Prince,

in Canterbury Cathedral.

In 1377 his widow, Joan, reconciled John of Gaunt and the citizens of London. In 1378 she intervened on behalf of John Wyclif. She died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire 7 August 1385, and was buried at Grey Friars, Stamford, Lincolnshire.

J. Weever Ancient Funerall Monuments (1631): 204–206 (“The death of this Prince which fortuned in the fourtie and sixth yeare of his age was a heauy losse to the state; being a Prince of whom we neuer heard any ill, neuer receiued other note then of goodnesse, and the noblest performances that magnanimitie and wisedome could euer shew”). F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 181–189, 215–218. T. Rymer Fœdera 6 (1727): 333–337, 343–345, 461–462 (Louis, Count of Flanders, styled “cousin”), 512–514 (Edward styled “kinsman” by Pedro, King of Castile and León), 514–520 (Pedro, King of Castile, Charles, King of Navarre, and [Jean I], Count of Armagnac styled “cousin”), 627 (Jean de Greyly [Grailly], Captal de Buch, styled “cousin”). J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 66–82. T. Blore Hist. & Antiq. of Rutland 1 Pt. 2 (1811): 37 (Kent/Holand pedigree). N.H. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 12–15. J. Burke Dict. of the Peerages… Extinct, Dormant, and in Abeyance (1831): 426–427. G.F. Beltz Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (1841): cxlix, 12–18 (“the exalted character of ‘The Black Prince,’ his brilliant achievements, his noble frankness, and his chivalrous courtesy in peace and in war… have severally contributed to fix and perpetuate the veneration in which his name has been held”). Archives Historiques de Département de la Gironde 6 (1864): 370–371 (Gaston III Fébus, Count of Foix, styled “cousin”). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Chandos Herald Life and Feats of Arms of Edward the Black Prince (1883). Desc. Cat. of Ancient Deeds 1 (1890): 157. Papal Regs.: Petitions 1 (1896): 284, 374 (instances of William de Courtenay styled “kinsman”). Papal Regs.: Letters 4 (1902): 29. D.N.B. 6 (1908): 508–519 (biog. of Edward, Prince of Wales). C.P.R. 1364–1367 (1912): 155 (Richard [Arundel], Earl of Arundel and Surrey, styled “kinsman”). C.P. 3 (1913): 172 (sub Chester), 435–437 (sub Cornwall) (“known, long after his death, as “The Black Prince,” it is said, from the colour of his armour”); 7 (1929): 150–154 (sub Kent). List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 288, 296. English Hist. Rev. 41 (1926): 415–418, 646. A. Hussey Kent Chantries (Kent Arch. Soc. Recs. 12) (1936): 34–43. Univ. of Birmingham Hist. Jour. 1 (1947): 13–50. K.S.S. Train Abs. of the IPMs Rel. Nottinghamshire 1 (Thoroton Soc. Rec. Ser. 12) (1949): 98–99. I.J. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 90–91. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 80–84 (arms of Edward: Quarterly France ancient and England, a label of three points argent). Yorkshire Arch. Jour. 40 (1962): 265–297. Urbain V (1362–1370): Lettres Communes 2 (1964): 23. Chancery Miscellanea Vol. III (List & Index Soc. 26) (1967): 29. J.H. Harvey The Black Prince and his Age (1976). G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 20. R. Barber Edward, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine (1978). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 5 (1979): 203–231. M. Prestwich The Three Edwards: War and State in England 1272–1377 (1980). P. Chaplais Essays in Medieval Diplomacy and Administration (1981): VII 19–29 (seal of Edward the Black Prince). R. Barber The Life and Campaigns of the Black Prince (1986). P.N.R. Zutshi Original Papal Letters in England 1305–1415 (Index Actorum Romanorum pontificum ab Innocentio III ad Martinum V electum 5) (1990): 138, 140. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 80 (Edward, Prince of Wales: “regarded as the ‘model of chivalry’, but who was in reality bad-tempered, foul-mouthed and cruel”). M.A. Hicks Who’s Who in Late Medieval England (1991): 101–102 (biog. of Joan of Kent: “… was renowned for her beauty, love affairs, and as mother of Richard II”), 106–108 (biog. of Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince: “… He was created… Duke of Cornwall—the first English duke—in 1337… He was the outstanding soldier of the first phase of the Hundred Years War… He was appointed in 1362 to be Prince of Aquitaine, maintaining a magnificent court and endeavoring to modernize the archaic government… A charismatic and inspirational leader, he was a general of skill and discretion and a warrior of personal courage and prowess… He spent lavishly on building, jewellery, and other forms of display… His profound piety emerges in his re-foundation of Ashridge priory and especially in his famous reverence for the Trinity… his intensely conventional idealism… made him ‘one of the best knights of the world and in his time renowned above all’ (Froissart).”). Medieval Life 5 (1996): 7–9. Nottingham Medieval Studies 44 (2000): 141–151.

Children of Edward of Woodstock, K.G., by Joan of Kent:

i. EDWARD OF ENGLAND, born at Angoulême 27 Jan. 1365, died at Bordeaux Jan.1370/1.

ii. RICHARD II OF ENGLAND [see next].

9. RICHARD II OF ENGLAND [of Bordeaux], K.G., younger son, born in St. Andrew’s Abbey in Bordeaux in Aquitaine 6 Jan. 1366/7, after his father’s death created Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, and Earl of Chester 20 Nov. 1376. He succeeded his grandfather, Edward III, as King of England 22 June 1377, and was crowned 16 July 1377. He married (1st) at Westminster Palace 20 Jan. 1381/2 ANNE OF BOHEMIA, daughter of Charles IV of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, by his 4th wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania. She was born at Prague 11 July 1366. They had no issue. She died at Sheen (in Richmond), Surrey [7?] August 1394, and was buried at Westminster Abbey 3 August 1394. He married (2nd) at St. Nicholas, Calais 4 Nov. 1396 ISABEL OF FRANCE, born at Hôtel de Louvre, Paris 9 Nov. 1389, 2nd but eldest surviving daughter of Charles VI, King of France (descendant of King Henry III), by Isabel, daughter of Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt. In 1396 Pope Boniface IX absolved them of a sentence of excommunication incurred by marrying, although related in the 4th degree of kindred, and the 3rd degree of affinity. Isabel was sister of Katherine of France, wife of Henry V, King of England [see LANCASTER 10]. They had no issue. King Richard was deposed by his cousin, Henry, Duke of Hereford, 29 Sept. 1399, and was condemned by Parliament to perpetual imprisonment 27 Oct. 1399. RICHARD II OF ENGLAND, late King of England, died imprisoned at Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire 6 Jan. 1399/1400, his death allegedly produced by “hunger, thirst, and cold” inflicted by his keepers. His remains were buried at Langley, Hertfordshire, but later removed to Westminster Abbey. His widow, Isabel, married (2nd) at Compiègne (Oise) 29 June 1406 (by dispensation dated 5 Jan. 1404, they being related in the 2nd and 4th degrees of kindred) Charles, Duke of Orléans, Valois and Milan, Count of Angoulême, son of Louis, Duke of Orléans and Valois, by Valentine, daughter of Jean-GaléasVisconti, Duke of Milan, Count of Vertus. They had one daughter, Jeanne (wife of John II, Duke of Alençon). Isabel, Duchess of Orleans, died at Blois 13 Sept. 1409. She was buried initially at Blois, but in 1624 was her remains were transferred to the church of the Celestines in Paris.

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 191–204. T. Rymer Fœdera 7 (1728): 152–153, 183, 197, 206, 208, 245, 255, 415–416 (instances of Robert II, King of Scotland, styled “cousin”), 161 (Archibald de Greilly, Captal de Buch, styled “kinsman”), 176, 189–190, 448 (instances of Louis III, Count of Flanders styled “kinsman”), 179, 199, 388 (instances of Pedro IV, King of Aragón, styled “kinsman”), 201–202, 210, 230, 254, 366, 374–375, 389, 764 (instances of Charles II, King of Navarre, styled “cousin”), 227 (William, Duke of Jülich and Guelders, styled “kinsman”), 253–254, 307 (instances of Fernando I, King of Portugal, and his wife, Leonor de Meneses, both styled “kinsfolk”), 282–283(Przemyslaw, Duke of Teschen, and Heinrich VII, Duke of Schlesien-Liegnitz styled “kinsmen” by Anne of Bohemia), 361 (Fernando I, King of Portugal styled “kinsman”), 374 (Albrecht, Duke of Holland and Zeeland, styled “kinsman”), 491, 494, 736 (instances of Leo [de Lusignan] VI, King of Armenia, styled “cousin”), 503, 505–506 (instances of Robert de Vere, Marquess of Dublin, Earl of Oxford, styled “kinsman”), 535, 537, 556, 564, 672, 685, 755 (instances of William of Jülich, Duke of Guelders, styled “kinsman”), 561 (Richard II styled “kinsman” by João I, King of Portugal), 605 (Albert, Duke of Bavaria), 664 (Gaston III Fébus, Count of Foix, styled “cousin”), 683, 695 ([Guillaume], Count of Oostervant, Governor of Hainault, styled “kinsman”), 692, 776 (Charles III, King of Navarre, styled “cousin”), 741, 752, 766 (instances of [Jean I], Duke of Berry, and [Philippe], Duke of Burgundy styled “cousins”), 804 (Charles VI, King of France, styled “cousin”), 805 (Ralph, Duke of Bavaria, styled “kinsman”), 855 (Rupert, Count Palatine of Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, styled “kinsman”); 8 (1727): 36–38 (Rupert, Count Palatine of Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, styled “kinsman” 1398), 66 (Reynold “Filius Junior de Julers & de Gelre” styled “kinsman”), 80–82 (William de Jülich, Duke of Montensi, Count of Ravensberg styled “kinsman”), 82 (David, Duke of Rothesay, styled “kinsman”), 143 (Queen Isabel styled “kinswoman” by King Henry IV of England). J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 191–202. T. Blore Hist. & Antiq. of Rutland 1 Pt. 2 (1811): 37 (Kent/Holand pedigree). N.H. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 15–17. G.F. Beltz Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (1841): cliii, 231–236 (biog. of King Richard II: “… weak and misguided”). A.W.C.L. Crawford, Lord Lindsay Lives of the Lindsays 1 (1849): 87–106 (David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford, styled “cousin” by King Richard II, citing Wyntown’s Cronykil tom ii, p. 353). J. Stevenson Letters & Papers Ill. of the Wars of the English in France 1 (Rolls Ser. 22) (1861): lxxv–lxxvi (Albert I, Duke of Bavaria, styled “kinsman” [amico]). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). C.P.R. 1381–1385 (1897): 29 ([Philippe d’Alençon], Cardinal of Alençon, styled “king’s kinsman”), 99 (Louis, Count of Flanders styled “king’s kinsman”). C.P.R. 1385–1389 (1900): 278 (Master Eudes la Zouche styled “king’s kinsman”). C.P.R. 1391–1396 (1905): 36 (Blanche, wife of Edmund de Bradeston, Knt. (died c.1389), and Andrew Hake, Knt., styled “king’s kinswoman”), 36 (Margaret, lady de Moleyns, styled “king’s kinswoman”). D.N.B. 10 (1908): 505–508 (biog. of Isabella of France). C.P. 3 (1913): 173 (sub Chester), 437 (sub Cornwall). M.D. Legge Anglo-Norman Letters & Petitions (Anglo-Norman Text Soc. 3) (1941): 47–48, 140–141 (instances of Philip, Duke of Burgundy, Count of Flanders, styled “cousin”), 65–66, 154–156 (instances of Richard II styled “cousin” by Charles III, King of Navarre), 139–140, 143, 158–160, 246–248 (instances of King Charles VI of France styled “cousin”), 141 (Louis, Duke of Orléans, styled “cousin”), 254–255 (Henry de Percy styled “cousin”). List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 32, 36, 306. A.B. Steel Richard II (1941). C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. English Hist. Rev. 68 (1953): 62–65. F.M. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 36–37. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 80–84. Bull. Institute Hist. Research 41 (1968): 1–18; 44 (1971): 1–17. A. Goodman Loyal Conspiracy (1971). J.A. Tuck Richard II and the English Nobility (1973). G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 26. P. Chaplais Essays in Medieval Diplomacy and Administration (1981): VII 19–29 (seal of King Richard II of England). L.C. Hector Westminster Chronicle 1381–1394 (1982): 22–24, 520–521. B. Barbiche Les Actes Pontificaux Originaux des Archives Nationales de Paris 3 (Index Actorum Romanorum pontificum ab Innocentio III ad Martinum V electum 3) (1982): 397–398, 402. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 Pt. 1 (1998): 82 (sub Luxemburg); 2 (1984): 23 (sub France). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 40. B. Bevan King Richard II (1990). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Valois (1990): 115–116, 241–247. P.N.R. Zutshi Original Papal Letters in England 1305–1415 (Index Actorum Romanorum pontificum ab Innocentio III ad Martinum V electum 5) (1990): 221. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 82–83 (biog. of Richard II: “… Richard’s reign was a troubled one throughout, his uncles of Lancaster, York and Gloucester continually vying for power with an eye on the eventual succession…his attempt to do away with parliamentary government and establish a royal autocracy proved his final undoing… [he] is perhaps the most tragic of our kings… a sad, lonely figure”), 83–84 (biogs. of Anne of Bohemia and Isabella of France). M.A. Hicks Who’s Who in Late Medieval England (1991): 149–153 (biog. of Richard II: “…A man of mercurial temperament, highly emotional and hot-tempered… his early mistakes soured his reign, creating the mutual distrust and resentment that surfaced so dangerously in the last years… he departed from the accepted pattern of kingship, because of his arbitrary autocracy, and because of his inability to understand where power in England really lay.”). Online resource: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/luxemburg/luxemburg9.html#K4.