Dr. R. Keith Striegler Outreach Coordinator, National Clean Plant Network (NCPN)
Planting Stock and Sources
Michigan Wine Grape Vineyard Establishment Conference
January 21-22, 2014
Acknowledgements
Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis
Sue Sim, NPCN Grapes Coordinator/Staff Research Associate
Deborah Golino, NCPN Grapes Chair/ Director
Olivia Dally, NCPN Outreach Support Staff/Program Representative
Jim Wolpert, Viticulture Extension Specialist Emeritus, UC Davis
Sunridge Nurseries
Steve Maniaci
Butch McKinley
Vintage Nurseries
Dave Haggmark
Dustin Hooper
Outline
• What is successful vineyard establishment
• Types of plant material available
• Sourcing of grapevine plant material
• Ensuring the availability of clean material: The National Clean Plant Network for Grapes
Components of Profitable
Viticulture in Michigan
• Proper site selection
• Proper cultivar selection (scion and rootstock) including use of clean plant material
• Correct establishment practices
Components of Profitable
Viticulture in Michigan
• Appropriate cultural practices (pruning, canopy management, pest management, etc.)
• The goal is to produce the greatest yield of high quality fruit for the lowest possible cost per ton
• Effective marketing
The focus of this presentation is
identifying sources of plant material
and the use of clean plant material
• Assumption that correct site and cultivar selection has occurred
• Use of poor quality vines will result in reduced yield, fruit composition, and wine quality. Also, can potentially increase vine mortality.
Our goal is to have
95% or more vines
established after 2 years
Types of Plant Material Available
Green-growing benchgraft
Dormant benchgraft
Producing a benchgraft
• Harvest dormant rootstock and scion canes
• Disbud rootstock
Producing a benchgraft • Harvest dormant rootstock and scion canes
• Disbud rootstock
• Graft scion and rootstock
Producing a benchgraft • Harvest dormant rootstock and scion canes
• Disbud rootstock
• Graft
• Callus
• Wax
Producing a benchgraft • Harvest dormant rootstock and scion canes
• Disbud rootstock
• Graft
• Callus
• Wax
• Pot up = Green growing benchgraft
Producing a benchgraft
• Harvest dormant rootstock and scion canes
• Disbud rootstock
• Graft
• Wax
• Grow in field for one season
• Harvest from field = dormant rooted benchgraft
Types of Plant Material Available
Dormant rooted cutting
Dormant cutting (budwood)
Field budding or grafting
Sourcing of Grapevine Plant
Material
• Ordering grapevine cuttings and plants from nurseries
– To ensure getting the desired cultivar rootstock and clone, you should place your order at least 18 months in advance of the projected delivery date
– Custom propagation versus speculation
– Only order virus tested vines
What does certified material mean?
• California (has certification program)
• New York (certification program pending)
• Washington (has certification program)
• Oregon (has regulations)
• No national standard at this time
• Virus tested to exclude pathogens of significant economic importance
What does certified material mean?
• Material came from a recognized clean plant center
• Inspected and tested to meet state certification standards
• Traceability
Sourcing of Grapevine Plant
Material
• State viticulture extension websites
– grapevine nursery list on grapes.msu.edu
• National Grape Registry
– ngr.ucdavis.edu
Ensuring the availability of clean
material: The National Clean
Plant Network for Grapes
Why do we need clean
plant material?
1. Nepoviruses
2. Leafroll Viruses
3. Rugose Wood Viruses
Leafroll Viruses
Cabernet franc infected with GLRaV-3 Chardonnay, Healthy vs. leafroll – infected
• Sugar reduced 1-4° Brix
• Color reduced
• Yield reduced
• Ripening delayed
• TA increased
• Graft incompatibility
• Disease severity depends on
variety, clone, rootstock, site,
year, leafroll type/strain
Effects of Grapevine leafroll virus
Healthy Emperor
LR infected ‘White’ Emperor
• A national network of clean plant centers, scientists, regulators and educators • Focused on providing healthy planting stock of vegetatively propagated specialty crops to nurseries and growers
What is the National Clean
Plant Network (NCPN)?
Participating Crops:
1. Fruit Trees
2. Grapes
3. Berries
4. Hops
5. Citrus
Others interested in joining
www.nationalcleanplantnetwork.org
NCPN Goals
• High quality (disease tested) plants for industry
• Coordinated outreach effort to nurseries/growers
on the benefits of clean plant material
• Sustained source of funding to university clean
plant centers (CPC) to develop foundation materials
• Standardized procedures and protocols for all CPCs
• Harmonized model regulations for state
certification programs
NCPN Grape Network Objectives
• Cooperation among clean plant centers
• Upgrade of centers’ facilities and equipment
• Shared standard operating procedures
• Implementation of new, rigorous standard for
foundation grapevine material
• Harmonization of grape regulations
NCPN Grapes Clean Plant Centers
UC Davis
WSU Prosser
Missouri State
Cornell
Florida A&M
National Clean Plant Network for Grapes
Headquarters at FPS, UC Davis
Grape Process at FPS
New Russell Ranch
Foundation Vineyard established 2010, Davis California
October, 2012
Qualification of Russell Ranch
Foundation Vines – Grapevine
Disease Testing Protocol 2010
1. Microshoot tip tissue culture therapy
2. Negative test results - long list of pathogens
- index, herbaceous, ELISA and PCR tests
3. Rupestris stem pitting virus is on list
4. Agrobacterium vitis testing at Cornell
For Additional Information:
Eviticulture http://eviticulture.org
“Ordering grapevine cuttings and plants from nurseries” – Jim
Wolpert and Andy Walker
“Quality guidelines for grapevine nursery stock” – Jim Wolpert
and Andy Walker
“Common miscommunication problems between grape growers and nursery plant suppliers” – Jim Wolpert and Andy Walker
National Grape Registry http://ngr.ucdavis.edu
Integrated Viticulture http://iv.ucdavis.edu
NCPN www.nationalcleanplantnetwork.org
